e10ksb
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-KSB
(Mark One)
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 333-111656
GRAN TIERRA ENERGY INC.
(f/k/a Goldstrike Inc.)
(Name of Small Business Issuer in Its Charter)
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Nevada
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
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98-0479924
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.) |
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300, 611-10TH AVENUE S.W.
CALGARY, ALBERTA
CANADA
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
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T2R 0B2
(Zip Code) |
Issuers Telephone Number: (403) 265-3221
Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: None
Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None
Check whether the issuer is not required to file reports pursuant to Sections 13 or 15(d)
of the Exchange Act. o
Check whether the issuer: (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period
that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Check if there is no disclosure of delinquent filers in response to Item 405 of
Regulation S-B contained in this form, and no disclosure will be contained, to the best of
the registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by
reference in Part III of this Form 10-KSB or any amendment to this Form 10-KSB. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule
12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
State the
aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common
equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the
common equity was sold, or the average bid and asked price of such
common equity, as of a specified date within the past 60 days. (See
definition of affiliate in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.)__________
The issuers revenues for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 were $12,072,913.
The aggregate market value, based on the average bid and asked prices on the OTC Bulletin
Board on February 28, 2007, of the voting common stock, par value $0.001 per share, held by
non-affiliates of the Registrant as of February 28, 2007 was $129 million. The registrant has
no non-voting common stock. The determination of aggregate market value includes exchangeable shares held by non-affiliates (described further below). For purposes of the determination of
the above stated amount only, all directors, executive officers and 10% or more stockholders
of the Registrant are presumed to be affiliates.
On February 28, 2007, the total number of outstanding shares of our common stock and
outstanding exchangeable shares of Gran Tierra Goldstrike Inc., which are exchangeable into
our common stock, was 95,455,765. Of this total, there were outstanding 78,789,104 shares of
common stock and 16,666,661 shares of common stock issuable upon the exchange of exchangeable shares. In addition, we had outstanding one share of special voting stock, through which the
holders of exchangeable shares may exercise their voting rights with respect to Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. The special voting stock generally votes together with the common stock on all
matters on which the holders of our common are entitled to vote. The trustee holder of the
share of special voting stock has the right to cast a number of votes equal to the number of
then outstanding exchangeable shares.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
None.
Transitional Small Business Disclosure Format. Yes o No þ.
SPECIAL NOTE OF CAUTION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-KSB contains forward-looking statements within the
meaning of the United States federal securities laws. This report includes statements
regarding our plans, goals, strategies, intent, beliefs or current expectations. These
statements are expressed in good faith and based upon a reasonable basis when made, but
there can be no assurance that these expectations will be achieved or accomplished. These
forward looking statements can be identified by the use of terms and phrases such as
believe, plan, intend, anticipate, target, estimate, expect, and the like,
and/or future tense or conditional constructions may, could, should, etc. Items
contemplating or making assumptions about, actual or potential future sales, market size,
collaborations, and trends or operating results also constitute forward-looking
statements.
Although forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-KSB reflect the
good faith judgment of our management, forward-looking statements are inherently subject
to known and unknown risks, business, economic and other risks and uncertainties that may
cause actual results to be materially different from those discussed in these
forward-looking statements. Readers are urged not to place undue reliance on these
forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. We assume no
obligation to update any forward-looking statements in order to reflect any event or
circumstance that may arise after the date of this report, other than as may be required
by applicable law or regulation. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the
various disclosures made by us in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission which attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may
affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. If one or
more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if the underlying assumptions prove
incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from those expected or projected.
All references to Gran Tierra, we, us, or our mean Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
and our subsidiaries collectively. All dollar amounts used herein refer to US dollars
unless otherwise noted.
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PART I
Item 1. Description of Business.
On November 10, 2005, Goldstrike, Inc. (Goldstrike), Gran Tierra Energy Inc., a
privately-held Alberta corporation which we refer to as Gran Tierra Canada and the holders of
Gran Tierra Canadas capital stock entered into a share purchase agreement, and Goldstrike and Gran
Tierra Goldstrike Inc. (which we refer to as Goldstrike Exchange Co.) entered into an assignment
agreement. In these two transactions, the holders of Gran Tierra Canadas capital stock acquired
shares of either Goldstrike common stock or exchangeable shares of Goldstrike Exchange Co., and
Goldstrike Exchange Co. acquired substantially all of Gran Tierra Canadas capital stock.
Immediately following the transactions, Goldstrike Exchange Co. acquired the remaining shares of
Gran Tierra Canada outstanding after the initial share exchange for shares of common stock of Gran
Tierra Energy Inc. using the same exchange ratio as used in the initial exchange. This two step
process was part of a single transaction whereby Gran Tierra Canada became a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Goldstrike Inc. Additionally, Goldstrike changed its name to Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
with the management and business operations of Gran Tierra Canada, but remains incorporated in the
State of Nevada.
In the above-described transactions between Goldstrike and the holders of Gran Tierra Canada
common stock, Gran Tierra Canada shareholders were permitted to elect to receive, for each share of
Gran Tierra Canadas common stock: (1) 1.5873016 exchangeable shares of Goldstrike Exchange Co.
(and ancillary rights), or (2) 1.5873016 shares of common stock of Goldstrike, or (3) a combination
of Goldstrike Exchange Co. exchangeable shares and Goldstrike common stock. All of Gran Tierra
Canadas shares were, through a series of exchanges, exchanged for shares of Goldstrike and/or
exchangeable shares of Goldstrike Exchange Co. Each exchangeable share of Goldstrike Exchange Co.
is exchangeable into one share of our common stock and has the same voting rights as a share of our
common stock.
The share exchange between the former shareholders of Gran Tierra Canada and the former
Goldstrike is treated as a recapitalization of Gran Tierra for financial accounting purposes.
Accordingly, the historical financial statements of Goldstrike before the share purchase and
assignment transactions will be replaced with the historical financial statements of Gran Tierra
Canada before the share exchange in all future filings with the SEC.
Company Overview
Goldstrike was incorporated in the United States in 2003. Prior to the transactions described
above, Goldstrike was engaged in mineral exploration in British Colombia, Canada. Gran Tierra
Canada was formed as an Alberta, Canada, corporation in early 2005. Following the above-described
transactions, our operations and management are substantially the operations and management of Gran
Tierra Canada prior to the transactions. The former Gran Tierra Canada was formed by an experienced
management team in early 2005 with extensive experience in oil and natural gas exploration and
production, including experience in most of the worlds principal petroleum producing regions. Our
objective is to acquire and exploit international opportunities in oil and natural gas exploration,
development and production, focusing on South America. We made our initial acquisition of oil and
gas producing and non-producing properties in Argentina in September 2005 for a total purchase
price of approximately $7 million. In addition, we acquired assets in Colombia and other minor
interests in Argentina and Peru during 2006.
We have not experienced any bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings.
Industry Introduction
The international oil and gas industry is extremely diverse and offers distinct opportunities
for companies in different countries. The fundamentals of the industry, however, are common:
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Oil and gas reserves tend to be distributed in a pyramid pattern. The
distribution of oil and gas reserves is generally depicted as a pyramid with the greatest number
of fields being smaller fields and with very few large fields. Because of their
size, the large fields are more easily located most have already been discovered and tend to be,
though are not always, the most economical to produce. |
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Oil and gas companies tend to be distributed in a pyramid pattern.
Oil and gas companies tend to be distributed in a pattern that is similar to that of oil and gas
reserves. There are many small companies and few very large companies. Large companies tend to
operate at the top of the resource pyramid, where rewards are larger in size but fewer in number.
Smaller companies tend to operate at the base of the resource pyramid, where rewards are smaller in
size but plentiful in number. Furthermore, large companies tend to divest smaller, non-core assets
as they grow, and tend to acquire smaller companies that have reached a critical mass, perpetuating
a cycle of growth. |
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In a mature producing area with a mature industry, the entirety of the
resource pyramid is being explored and developed by both small and large oil and gas companies.
Maturity is typically a function of time and market forces. Government policy can have an important
role, encouraging or discouraging the full potential of the resource base and industry. |
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By its nature, finding and producing oil and gas is a risky
business. Oil and gas deposits may be located miles below the earths surface. There is no
guarantee, despite the sophistication of modern exploration techniques, that oil or gas will be
present in a particular location without drilling. Additionally, there is no guarantee that a
discovery will be commercially viable without follow up drilling, nor can there be any guarantee
that such follow up drilling will be successful. There is also no guarantee that reserves once
established will produce at expected rates. Furthermore, adverse political events and changing
laws/regulations can threaten the economic viability of oil and gas activity, the safety and
security of workers, or the reputation of a company that conducts business outside of more stable
countries. The effective management of risk is integral to the oil and gas industry. |
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The oil and gas industry is capital intensive. Investment decisions
are based on long time horizons the typical oil and gas project has a life of greater than 20
years. Economics and value are based on a long-term perspective. |
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The production profile for a substantial majority of oil and gas
reservoirs is a declining trend. Production from an oil or gas field with a fixed number of
wells declines over time. That decline rate varies depending on the reservoir and well/development
characteristics but in general, steepest declines are earlier in the production life of the field.
Typically, production falls to a point where revenues are insufficient to cover operating costs
(the project reaches its economic limit) and the field is abandoned. |
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Production levels in a field can be maintained by more intensive drilling
and/or enhancement of existing wells, and such efforts are usually made to offset the natural
decline in production. A low price environment, budgetary constraints or lack of imagination
can prevent companies from taking appropriate action to offset a natural decline in production.
However, a shift to a high price environment can present a significant, but short term opportunity,
for new operators. While production levels may be maintained for a period of time by more intensive
drilling, such efforts can only be maintained for short periods of time and may not be effective.
Moreover, such efforts may also be economically unfeasible and may be impermissible under rules and
regulations applying to the field. |
New Opportunities for Smaller Companies
Several forces are at work in todays energy industry which provide significant opportunities
for smaller companies, like ours. The greatest opportunities tend to be in countries where resource
opportunities have been undervalued or overlooked or have been considered immaterial or uneconomic
by larger companies, and/or where governments are moving to realize the potential at the base of
the resource pyramid by attracting smaller companies.
Company Business Plan
Our plan is to build an international oil and gas company by operating in countries where a
smaller company can proliferate. Our initial focus is in select countries in South America,
currently Argentina, Colombia and Peru.
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We are applying a two-pronged approach to growth, establishing a base of production,
development and exploration assets by selective acquisitions and achieving future growth through
drilling. We intend to duplicate this business model across selected countries in South America.
We pursue opportunities in countries with prolific petroleum systems (which in the petroleum
industry are defined as geologic settings with proven petroleum source rocks, migration pathways,
reservoir rocks and traps), stable legal environments and attractive royalty, taxation and other
fiscal terms.
A key to our business plan is positioning being in the right place at the right time with
the right resources. The fundamentals of this strategy are described in more detail below:
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Position in countries that are welcoming to foreign investment, that
provide attractive fiscal terms and/or offer opportunities that have been previously ignored or
undervalued; |
The pace of oil and gas exploration and development in countries around the world is dictated
by geology and market forces and the intermediary impact of government policy and regulation. These
factors have combined today to create opportunities in South America. The initial countries of
interest to Gran Tierra are Argentina where activity has historically been dominated by the
national oil company; Colombia which has restructured its energy policies to appeal to smaller
foreign companies; and Peru which is entering a new phase of exploration activity.
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Engage qualified, experienced and motivated professionals; |
Our management team consists of three senior international oil and gas professionals most recently
with EnCana Corporation of Canada, a fourth member most recently with Pluspetrol in South America,
a fifth member who joined our company in conjunction with the acquisition of Argosy Energy
International LP in Colombia, and our sixth and newest member to join the team brings an
international finance background.
The qualifications of our board of directors complement the international experience of the
management team, providing an entrepreneurial, financial and market perspective of our business by
a group of individuals with experience in development stage public and private companies.
All of our employees have previously worked with members of our management team. Qualified
geophysicists, geologists and engineers are in short supply in todays market; our management has
demonstrated the ability to attract qualified professionals.
Our success equally depends on our strong support network in the legal, accounting and finance
disciplines, both at a corporate level and a local level.
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Establish an effective local presence; |
Our management believes that establishing an effective local presence is essential for success
- one that is familiar with the local operating environment, with the local oil and gas industry
and with local companies and governments in order to establish and expand business in the country.
We have established our office in Buenos Aires and have engaged qualified and respected local
management and professionals. We intend to establish offices in all countries in which we operate.
We expect our presence in Buenos Aires and recently acquired presence in Colombia to bring new and
increasing opportunities.
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Create alliances with companies that are active in areas and
countries of interest, and consolidate initial land/property positions; |
Our initial acquisitions in Argentina and Colombia, and award of land in Peru, have brought us
to the attention of other companies in South America, including partners, former employers and
associates. We hope to build on these business relationships to bring other opportunities to us,
and we expect to continue to build new relationships in the future. Such cooperation effectively
multiplies our business development initiatives and develops synergies within the local industry.
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Build a balanced portfolio of production, development, step-out and more
speculative exploration opportunities; |
Our initial acquisitions in Argentina and Colombia provide a base of production to provide
immediate cash flow and upside drilling potential. We are now focusing on expansion opportunities
in Argentina, Colombia and Peru, which we expect will include both low and higher risk projects,
with working interests that achieve an optimal balance of risk and reward.
The most effective risk mitigation in international oil and gas is diversification, and the
highest chance of success results from a diverse portfolio of independent opportunities. We are
moving purposefully in the regard.
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Assess and close opportunities expeditiously; |
We assess many oil and gas opportunities before we move to advance one; it is necessary to
assess the technical, economic and strategic merits quickly in order to focus our efforts. This
approach to business often provides a competitive advantage. Since inception, we evaluated more
than 100 potential acquisition opportunities.
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Do business in countries in which we are familiar with the people and
assets. |
Our business model is a bringing together of peoples knowledge and relationships into a
single entity with a single purpose. We cannot compete with the international oil and gas industry
on an open tender basis. Assets and opportunities that are offered globally will receive a premium
price and chance of success for any one bidder is low. Our approach is based on niche opportunities
for buyer and seller, and to take advantage of our strategic relationships, established technical
know-how and access to capital.
Deal Flow
Our access to opportunities stems from a combination of experience and industry relationships
of the management team and board of directors, both within and outside of South America. Deal flow
is critical to growing a portfolio efficiently and effectively, to capitalize on our capabilities
today, and into the future as we grow in scale and our needs evolve.
Company Financial Fundamentals
A brief discussion of our financial fundamentals is provided below. Potential investors are
encouraged to read the following information in conjunction with all of the other information
provided in this filing.
Our financial results present the former Gran Tierra Canada as the predecessor company in the
share exchange with Goldstrike on November 10, 2005. The financial results of Goldstrike were
eliminated on consolidation. Gran Tierra financials therefore present the activities of the former
Gran Tierra Canada before the share exchange, including the initial Argentina acquisition on
September 1, 2005.
Financial results for 2006 are defined by three principal events: the Argentina acquisitions
on September 1, 2005, June 30, 2006 and December 1, 2006; the Colombia acquisition on June 20, 2006
and a series of private placements of our common stock associated with the acquisitions.
Financial results for the year ended December 31, 2006 reflect a full year of operations
at Palmar Largo, four months of operations at Nacatimbay, six months of operations at El Vinalar,
and one month of operations at Chivil, all in Argentina, in addition to six months and ten days of
operations in Colombia.
Argentina Acquisitions
We acquired participating interests in three joint ventures on September 1, 2005. We made a
formal offer to purchase the Argentina assets of Dong Won S.A (Argentinean branch of the Korean
company) on May 30, 2005, that was accepted on
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June 22, 2005. The total acquisition cost was
approximately $7 million. Our initial offer covered interests in five properties; preferential
acquisition rights were exercised on two properties but the major property of interest to Gran
Tierra and two minor properties became available to us. All properties are located in the Noroeste
Basin region of Northern Argentina.
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Palmar Largo Joint Venture Gran Tierra participation 14%, Pluspetrol
(Operator) 38.15%, Repsol YPF 30%, Compañia General de Combustibles (CGC) 17.85%. |
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Nacatimbay Concession Gran Tierra participation 50%, CGC (Operator) 50%. |
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Ipaguazu Concession Gran Tierra participation 50%, CGC (Operator) 50%. |
Palmar Largo is the principal property, currently producing approximately 285 barrels per day
of oil net to Gran Tierra (after 12% government royalties). Acquisition cost for Palmar Largo was
$6,969,659 which equates to $11.24 per barrel based on net reserves of 620,400 barrels of oil,
after 12% royalties. Minor volumes of natural gas and associated liquids are produced from a single
well at Nacatimbay, and the Ipaguazu property is non-producing. Total acquisition cost for these
two properties was $63,055.
On June 30, 2006, we entered into a joint venture agreement with Golden Oil Corporation
whereby we purchased 50% of the El Vinalar field in Argentina for $950,000. We also agreed to pay
the first $2.7 million in costs for a sidetrack well related to our joint venture agreement.
On February 15, 2006, we made an offer to acquire a portion of the interests of CGC in eight
properties in Argentina. On November 2, 2006, we closed the purchase of interests in four
properties for a total purchase price of $2.1 million. The assets purchased include a 93.18%
participation interest in the Valle Morado block, a 100% interest in the Santa Victoria block and
the remaining 50% interests in the Nacatimbay and Ipaguazu blocks.
On December 1, 2006, we closed the purchase of interests in two other properties from CGC,
including a 100% interest in the El Chivil block and a 100% participation interest in the Surubi
block, each located in the Noroeste Basin of Argentina, for a total purchase price of $2.5 million.
We also purchased the remaining 25% minority interest in each property from the joint venture
partner for a total purchase price of $280,000.
The total purchase price in 2006 for the acquisition of CGCs interests in all six properties
was $4.6 million. Post-closing adjustments, which reflect original values assigned to the
properties, amended terms, revenues and costs from the effective date of January 1, 2006, were
approximately $3.8 million which was paid in January 2007.
Colombia Acquisition
On June 20, 2006, we acquired all of the limited partnership interests of Argosy Energy
International (Argosy) and all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Argosy Energy Corp.
(AEC), a Delaware corporation and the general partner of Argosy, for consideration of $37.5
million cash, 870,647 shares of our common stock and overriding and net profit interests in certain
of Argosys assets valued at $1 million. Argosys oil production averaged approximately 692 barrels
per day (after royalty) during 2006. Government royalty rates are 20% and 8% for Argosys
producing properties. Argosys net land position is approximately 331,468 acres.
Peru Acquisitions
On June 8, 2006, we signed a License Contract for the Exploration and Exploitation of
Hydrocarbons covering Block 122 in Peru. The license contract was approved by the government of
Peru on November 3, 2006. The license contract defines a seven-year exploration term divided into
four periods, each requiring a minimum work plan and financial commitment. The minimum commitment
for the first work period, which is mandatory, is $0.5 million. The potential commitment over the
seven-year period, at our option, is $5.0 million and includes technical studies, seismic
acquisition and the drilling of one exploration
well. The license contract defines an exploitation term of thirty years for commercial
discoveries of oil. Block 122 is located on the eastern flank of the Maranon Basin of northern
Peru, on the crest of the Iquitos Arch and covers 1.2 million acres.
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On December 12, 2006, we signed a License Contract for the Exploration and Exploitation of
Hydrocarbons covering Block 128 in Peru. The license contract was approved by the government of
Peru. The license contract defines a seven-year exploration term divided into four periods, each
requiring a minimum work plan and financial commitment. The minimum commitment for the first work
period, which is mandatory, is $0.5 million. The potential commitment over the seven-year period,
at our option, is $3.6 million and includes technical studies, seismic acquisition and the drilling
of one exploration well. The license contract defines an exploitation term of thirty years for
commercial discoveries of oil. Block 128 is located on the eastern flank of the Maranon Basin of
northern Peru, on the crest of the Iquitos Arch and covers 2.2 million acres.
Research and Development
We have not expended any resources on pursuing research and development initiatives. We
use existing technology and processes for executing our business plan.
Financing
The initial funds for Gran Tierra Canada were raised in April and June 2005, providing
approximately $1.9 million to fund our initial activities. We had no oil and gas revenue until
September 1, 2005. We made a series of private placements of common shares beginning on August 31,
2005 to fund the Argentina acquisitions and to provide general working capital.
We raised a total of approximately $12 million during the period from August 2005 to February
2006 from the issuance of approximately 15 million units consisting of one share of our common
stock at $0.80 per share plus one warrant to purchase one-half share at a total price of $1.25 per
share for a period of five years.
In June 20, 2006, we completed the sale of 50,000,000 units for gross proceeds totaling
$75,000,000, less issue costs of $6,306,699. Each unit consisted of one share of our common stock
and a warrant to purchase one-half share of our common stock for a period of five years at an
exercise price of $1.75 per whole share. During 2006 we received $1.9 million of the equity
proceeds raised during the financing that began in 2005, which impacted our 2006 cash flow results.
The Share Exchange
The share exchange between Goldstrike and the shareholders of the former Gran Tierra Canada
occurred on November 10, 2005, bringing the assets, management, business operations and business
plan of the former Gran Tierra Canada into the framework of the company formerly known as
Goldstrike Inc., a publicly traded company.
Prior Goldstrike Business
In connection with our share exchange between Goldstrike and the shareholders of Gran Tierra
Canada, Goldstrike transferred to Dr. Yenyou Zheng all of the capital stock of Goldstrike Incs
wholly-owned subsidiary, Leasco. Leasco was organized to hold mineral assets located in the
Province of British Columbia. Those assets consist primarily of 32 mineral claims covering
approximately 700 hectares. As a result of the transfer, this line of business is owned by Dr.
Yenyou Zheng, through his ownership of Leasco, and we will not pursue any of those mineral claims.
Markets, Customers and Competition
We market our own share of production in Argentina. Production from Palmar Largo is high
quality oil and is transported by pipeline and truck to a nearby refinery. The purchaser of all our
oil in Argentina is Refinor S.A. Minor volumes of natural gas and liquids from Nacatimbay were
previously sold locally. Production at Nacatimbay was suspended on March 1, 2006. All sales are
denominated in pesos but refer to reference or base prices in US dollars. Our average oil price in
Argentina averaged $34.75 per barrel net of royalties during 2006. Sales in Argentina represented
43% of our revenues in 2006.
The purchaser of all oil sold in Colombia is Ecopetrol, a government
agency. Oil is eventually exported via the Trans-Andean pipeline. Prices are defined by a
multi-year contract with Ecopetrol, with 25% of revenue received in pesos, and 75% of
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revenue
received in US dollars. Prices averaged $52.33 per barrel during 2006. Sales in Colombia
represented 57% of our revenues in 2006.
The oil and gas industry is highly competitive. We face competition from both local and
international companies in acquiring properties, contracting for drilling equipment and securing
trained personnel. Many of these competitors have financial and technical resources that exceed
ours, and we believe that these companies have a competitive advantage in these areas. Others are
smaller, allowing us to leverage our technical and financial capabilities.
Regulation
The oil and gas industry in South America is heavily regulated. Rights and obligations with
regard to exploration and production activities are explicit for each project; economics are
governed by a royalty/tax regime. Various government approvals are required for property
acquisitions and transfers, including, but not limited to, meeting financial and technical
qualification criteria in order to be a certified as an oil and gas company in the country. Oil and
gas concessions are typically granted for fixed terms with opportunity for extension.
In Argentina, concession rights for our principal property Palmar Largo extend to the year
2017 and may be extended an additional ten years. Oil and gas prices in Argentina are effectively
controlled and are established by decree or according to specified formulae. A tax on oil exports
sets an effective cap on prices within the country; gas prices are set by statute and reflected in
contract terms.
In Colombia, the contract for the Santana area expires in 2015, and the contract for the
Guayuyaco area expires in 2030. Oil prices in Colombia are related to international market prices
with pre-defined adjustments for quality and transportation. In Colombia, historically, all oil
production was from concessions granted to foreign operators or undertaken by state owned Ecopetrol
in contracts of association with foreign companies. Ecopetrol was formally responsible for all
exploration, extraction, production, transportation, and marketing oil for export. Effective
January 1, 2004, the regulatory regime in Colombia underwent a significant change with the
formation of the Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos, or National Hydrocarbon Agency (ANH). The ANH
is now responsible for regulating the Colombian oil industry, including managing all exploration
lands not subject to a previously existing association contract.
In Peru, state-controlled Perupetro is responsible for overall regulation and licensing of the
oil and gas industry. It also negotiates oil and gas contracts with companies to explore and/or
produce in Peru.
The pace of bureaucracy in South America tends to be slow in comparison to North American
standards and legal structures are less mature, but the overall business environment is supportive
of foreign investment and we believe is continuing to improve. Changes in regulations or shifts in
political attitudes are beyond our control and may adversely impact our business. Operations may be
affected in varying degrees by government regulations with respect to restrictions on production,
price controls, export controls, income taxes and environmental legislation.
Future Activity
We plan to continue assessing production and exploration opportunities that can provide a base
for growth. We are currently assessing opportunities in Argentina, Colombia, Peru and elsewhere in
South America which, if consummated, could substantially increase reserves and production. We would
require financing from existing cash flow, equity or debt to consummate any opportunities which may
become available, depending on the scale of the opportunity.
Environmental Compliance
Our activities are subject to existing laws and regulations governing environmental quality
and pollution control in the foreign countries where we maintain operations. Our activities with
respect to exploration, drilling and production from wells,
natural gas facilities, including the operation and construction of pipelines, plants and
other facilities for transporting, processing, treating or storing gas and other products, are
subject to stringent environmental regulation by provincial and federal authorities in Argentina,
Colombia and Peru. Risks are inherent in oil and gas exploration and production operations, and we
can give no
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assurance that significant costs and liabilities will not be incurred in connection
with environmental compliance issues. We cannot predict what effect future regulation or
legislation, enforcement policies issued, and claims for damages to property, employees, other
persons and the environment resulting from our operations could have. During 2006 we spent
$95,373 in Colombia to comply with environmental standards around water disposal. In Argentina, we
spent $10,400 on environmental monitoring and water disposal.
Employees
At December 31, 2006, we had 152 full-time employees 9 located in the Calgary corporate
office, 27 in Buenos Aires (14 office staff and 13 field personnel) and 116 in Colombia (21 staff
in Bogota and 95 field personnel). None of our employees are represented by labor unions, and we
consider our employee relations to be good. We had no part-time employees at December 31, 2006.
Corporate Information
Goldstrike Inc., now known as Gran Tierra Energy Inc., was incorporated under the laws of
the State of Nevada on June 6, 2003. Our principal executive offices are located at 300, 611-10th
Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The telephone number at our principal executive office is
(403) 265-3221.
Additional Information
We are required to comply with the informational requirements of the Exchange Act, and
accordingly, we file annual reports, quarterly reports, current reports, proxy statements and other
information with the SEC. You may read or obtain a copy of these reports at the SECs public
reference room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the
operation of the public reference room and their copy charges by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
The SEC maintains a website that contains registration statements, reports, proxy information
statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC. The
address of the website is http://www.sec.gov.
11
Item 2. Description of Property
Offices
We currently lease office space in Calgary, Alberta; Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Bogota,
Colombia. The Calgary lease expires February 2011, and costs $6,824 per month. Our Buenos Aires,
Argentina lease expires March, 2008, with lease payments of $2,000 per month. The two Bogota,
Colombia leases expire in 2009 and 2007, respectively with costs of $696 and $2,326 per month. The
properties are in excellent condition.
12
Oil and Gas Properties-Argentina
A summary of our interests in Argentina as of December 31, 2006 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross |
|
|
|
|
|
Net |
|
Oil Prodn |
|
Oil Reserves |
|
Lease |
|
|
Noroeste Basin |
|
Acres |
|
WI% |
|
Acres |
|
Bbl/day (1) |
|
MBbl (2) |
|
Expiry |
|
2007 Plans |
|
Palmar Largo |
|
|
365,045 |
|
|
|
14 |
% |
|
|
51,106 |
|
|
|
285 |
|
|
|
422 |
|
|
|
2027 |
|
|
Ongoing production enhancements |
Nacatimbay (4) |
|
|
36,623 |
|
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
36,623 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
2032 |
|
|
Evaluate re-entering two wells (Nac-1001, Nac-1002) |
El Vinalar |
|
|
248,340 |
|
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
124,170 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
466 |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
Enhance existing production |
Chivil |
|
|
62,518 |
|
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
62,518 |
|
|
|
115 |
|
|
|
665 |
|
|
|
2015 |
|
|
Well workover and recompletion |
Surubi |
|
|
90,811 |
|
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
90,811 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
Drill exploration well, Proa-1, in fourth quarter 2007 |
Valle Morado |
|
|
50,019 |
|
|
|
93.2 |
% |
|
|
46,608 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2033 |
|
|
No plans for 2007 |
Ipaguazu |
|
|
43,268 |
|
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
43,268 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
323 |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
Evaluating IP-1 well workover and sidetrack on Guadalupe-1 well |
Santa Victoria |
|
|
1,033,749 |
|
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
1,033,749 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
Exploration opportunities are being evaluated for drilling in 2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
1,930,373 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,488,853 |
|
|
|
455 |
|
|
|
1,895 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Oil production is based on the average December 2006 production rate. |
|
(2) |
|
Oil reserves are proved reserves reported in thousands of barrels, net of royalties. |
|
(3) |
|
Expires in May 2008. Term is extended by 25 years if a discovery is made. |
|
(4) |
|
We produce natural gas in the Nacatimbay area. Natural gas production in December 2006 was
440 thousand cubic feet per day and total proved reserves at December 31, 2006 were 1,465
million cubic feet. |
Palmar Largo
The Palmar Largo joint venture block encompasses 365,045 acres. This asset is comprised of
several producing oil fields in the Noroeste Basin of northern Argentina. We own a 14% working
interest in the Palmar Largo joint venture asset. Approximately 41.8 million barrels of oil (gross
before royalties) have been recovered from the area since 1984. A total of 14
gross wells are currently producing. Our share of remaining proved reserves as of December 31,
2006 is 422,000 barrels (net after 12% royalties) according to an independent reserve assessment.
The oil quality ranges from 39 to 47 degrees API.
13
Our 14% share of oil production averaged 285 barrels per day, net of royalties, during 2006.
The average sales price was $34.75 per barrel, with an average cost of production of $21.42 per
barrel, providing $13.33 per barrel of net revenue. During 2005, our share of oil production
averaged 293 barrels per day, net of royalties, with an average sales price of $37.80 per barrel
and an average cost of production of $8.90 per barrel, providing $28.90 per barrel of net revenue.
The Palmar Largo asset provides us with a reliable stream of cash flow to finance further
exploration and development initiatives in Argentina. Our work program for 2007 involves
optimization of well performance and expenses to maximize net revenues from the property.
We purchased the assets of Palmar Largo from Dong Won Corporation in September 2005. In the
first quarter of 2006 the joint venture partners drilled and completed the Ramon Lista 1001 well,
of which we hold a 14% working interest. The recent history of the property includes the following
activities:
|
|
|
The joint venture partners at Palmar Largo conducted a 3-D seismic survey over a
portion of the area in 2003 and identified several exploration prospects. |
|
|
|
|
An exploration well was drilled in late 2005 but did not indicate commercial
quantities of oil. A portion of the drilling costs for this well was factored into our
purchase price for Palmar Largo. |
|
|
|
|
Drilling on the Ramon Lista-1001 well was completed in December 2005. Production
from the well began in early February 2006 at 299 barrels per day (gross after 12%
royalty) or 42 barrels per day net to us. No additional wells were drilled in the area
during 2006. |
The Palmar Largo block rights expire in 2017 but provide for a ten-year extension. We do not
have any outstanding work commitments. At expiry of the block rights, ownership of the producing
assets will revert to the provincial government.
Nacatimbay
We acquired a 100% working interest in the Nacatimbay area through two transactions. We
purchased a 50% working interest from Dong Won Corporation in September 2005. We purchased the
remaining 50% working interest from CGC in November 2006. Production from the Nacatimbay oil, gas
and condensate field began in 1996. Three wells were drilled and one was producing until February
28, 2006, when its production was suspended due to low flow conditions. The natural gas well
produced 41,447 thousand cubic feet from January 1 to February 28, 2006, at which point the well
was shut in due to low flow rates. In October 2006, the suspended well was reactivated after
surface facilities were upgraded and it produced for two additional months in 2006. The well is
currently producing approximately 440 thousand cubic feet per day of natural gas and 12 barrels of
condensate per day, net of royalties.
We intend to continue to optimize production in this field during 2007 and explore
opportunities to re-enter the Nacatimbay 1001 and 1002 wells.
The Nacatimbay block rights expire in 2022 with a provision for a ten year extension if a
discovery is made. We do not have any outstanding work commitments. At expiry of the block rights,
ownership of the producing assets will revert to the provincial government.
Ipaguazu
We acquired a 100% working interest in the Ipaguazu area through two transactions. We
purchased a 50% working interest from Dong Won Corporation in September 2005. We purchased the
remaining 50% working interest from CGC in November 2006. Ipaguazu is located in the Noroeste Basin
in northern Argentina. The oil and gas field was discovered in 1981 and produced approximately 100
thousand barrels of oil and 400 million cubic feet of natural gas until 2003. No producing
activities are carried out in the field at this time. The Ipaguazu block covers 43,268 acres and
has not been fully appraised, leaving scope for both reactivation and exploration in the future.
Currently we are evaluating a side track on the Guadalupe-1 well and a workover on the Ipaguazu-1
well.
The Ipaguazu block rights expire in 2016 with a ten year extension if a discovery is made. We
do not have any outstanding work commitments. At expiry of the block rights, ownership of the
producing assets will revert to the provincial government.
14
El Vinalar
We entered into an agreement with Golden Oil Corporation to acquire a 50% working interest in
the El Vinalar Block located in the Noroeste Basin, effective June 2006. This acquisition added a
significant new land position and approximately 43 barrels of daily oil production from 1.5 net
wells, net before royalties, to our asset base in Argentina. El Vinalar covers 248,340 acres and
contains a portfolio of exploration leads and oil field enhancement opportunities.
A sidetrack of EVN-1 well was successfully completed in December 2006, and began producing in
January 2007. Gross production, after royalties, averaged 600 barrels per day during January 2007.
Net production, based on our 50% working interest was 300 barrels per day.
The El Vinalar rights expire in 2016 with a ten year extension if a discovery is made. We do
not have any outstanding work commitments. At expiry of the block rights, ownership of the
producing assets will revert to the provincial government.
Chivil, Surubi, Valle Morado, Santa Victoria
We purchased working interests in four additional properties from CGC in November and December
2006. These properties add to our existing portfolio of exploration and development opportunities
and expand our production base in Argentina. Farm-in partners are being sought to participate in
some of the 2007 drilling program for these properties.
Additional information on the Chivil, Surubi, Valle Morado and Santa Victoria fields follows:
|
§ |
|
The Chivil field was discovered in 1987. Three wells were drilled; two remain in
production. The field has produced 1.5 million barrels to date. |
|
|
§ |
|
Valle Morado was first drilled in 1989. Rights to the area were purchased by Shell in
1998, who subsequently completed a 3-D seismic program over the field and constructed a gas
plant and pipeline infrastructure. Production began in 1999 from a single well, and was
shut-in in 2001 due to water incursion. We are evaluating opportunities to re-establish
production from the field. |
|
|
§ |
|
Surubi and Santa Victoria are exploration fields and have no production history. |
Reserves Summary-Argentina
Crude Oil Estimated Reserves
Net to Gran Tierra, after Royalty, at December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil 2005 |
|
|
Oil 2006 (1) |
|
|
(thousand barrels) |
|
|
(thousand barrels) |
|
|
Proved |
|
Proved |
|
Total |
|
|
Proved |
|
Proved |
|
|
|
|
Developed |
|
Undeveloped |
|
Proved |
|
|
Developed |
|
Undeveloped |
|
Total Proved |
|
|
|
|
Palmar Largo |
|
|
462 |
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
581 |
|
|
|
|
404 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
422 |
|
Ipaguazu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
323 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
323 |
|
Nacatimbay |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19 |
|
El Vinalar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
275 |
|
|
|
466 |
|
Chivil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
476 |
|
|
|
189 |
|
|
|
665 |
|
Surubi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valle Morado |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Santa Victoria |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
|
464 |
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
583 |
|
|
|
|
1,413 |
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
1,895 |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Reserves certified by Gaffney, Cline and Associates, as of December 31, 2006. |
15
Natural Gas Estimated Reserves
Net to Gran Tierra, after Royalty, at December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Natural Gas 2005 (1) |
|
|
Natural Gas 2006 (1) |
|
|
(million cubic feet) |
|
|
(million cubic feet) |
|
|
Proved Developed |
|
Proved Undeveloped |
|
Total Proved |
|
|
Proved Developed |
|
Proved Undeveloped |
|
Total Proved |
|
Palmar Largo |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ipaguazu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nacatimbay |
|
|
24.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24.5 |
|
|
|
|
1,465 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,465 |
|
El Vinalar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chivil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Surubi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valle Morado |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Santa Victoria |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
|
24.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24.5 |
|
|
|
|
1,465 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,465 |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Reserves certified by Gaffney, Cline and Associates, as of December 31, 2006. |
No estimates of proved reserves have been filed with any other Federal authority or agency
since January 1, 2006.
Production Profile Argentina
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil Production (Bbls) |
|
|
Oil Price ($/Bbl) |
|
|
Oil Production Costs ($/Bbl) |
|
|
Net Revenue ($/Bbl) |
Net of royalties |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
Palmar Largo |
|
|
|
106,945 |
|
|
|
103,982 |
|
|
|
$ |
37.80 |
|
|
$ |
34.75 |
|
|
|
$ |
8.90 |
|
|
$ |
21.42 |
|
|
|
$ |
28.90 |
|
|
$ |
13.33 |
|
Nacatimbay |
|
|
|
1,825 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
37.80 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
$ |
8.90 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
$ |
28.90 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
El Vinalar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,872 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
53.16 |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
18.49 |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
34.67 |
|
Chivil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,567 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
51.57 |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
18.49 |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
33.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
|
|
108,770 |
|
|
|
115,421 |
|
|
|
$ |
37.80 |
|
|
$ |
36.53 |
|
|
|
$ |
8.90 |
|
|
$ |
21.13 |
|
|
|
$ |
28.90 |
|
|
$ |
15.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gas Production (Mcf) |
|
|
Gas Price ($/Mcf) |
|
|
Gas Production Costs ($/Mcf) |
|
|
Net Revenue ($/Mcf) |
Net of royalties |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
Palmar Largo (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
156,471 |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Nacatimbay |
|
|
|
180,310 |
|
|
|
41,447 |
|
|
|
$ |
1.50 |
|
|
$ |
1.74 |
|
|
|
$ |
0.45 |
|
|
$ |
0.54 |
|
|
|
$ |
1.06 |
|
|
$ |
1.20 |
|
El Vinalar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Chivil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
|
|
180,310 |
|
|
|
197,918 |
|
|
|
$ |
1.50 |
|
|
$ |
1.74 |
|
|
|
$ |
0.45 |
|
|
$ |
0.54 |
|
|
|
$ |
1.06 |
|
|
$ |
1.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Production of natural gas at Palmar Largo is not sold. It is used as fuel for power and gas
lift for production. |
16
Acreage Argentina
GRAN TIERRA, December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developed Gross (1) |
|
|
Developed Net (2) |
|
|
Undeveloped Gross (1) |
|
|
Undeveloped Net (2) |
Crude Oil |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
Palmar Largo |
|
|
|
301,700 |
|
|
|
365,045 |
|
|
|
|
42,238 |
|
|
|
51,106 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ipaguazu |
|
|
|
43,200 |
|
|
|
43,268 |
|
|
|
|
21,600 |
|
|
|
43,268 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nacatimbay |
|
|
|
36,600 |
|
|
|
36,623 |
|
|
|
|
18,300 |
|
|
|
36,623 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
El Vinalar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
248,340 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
124,170 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chivil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
62,518 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
62,518 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Surubi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
90,811 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
90,811 |
|
Valle Morado |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50,019 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,608 |
|
Santa Victoria |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,033,749 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,033,749 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
|
|
381,500 |
|
|
|
755,794 |
|
|
|
|
82,138 |
|
|
|
317,685 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,174,579 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,171,168 |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Gross represents the total acreage at each property. |
|
(2) |
|
Net represents our interest in the total acreage at each property. |
Productive Wells Argentina
GRAN TIERRA, December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Number of wells) |
|
|
Oil Productive -Net |
|
|
Oil Productive -Gross |
|
|
Gas Productive -Net |
|
|
Gas Productive -Gross |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
Palmar Largo |
|
|
|
2.2 |
|
|
|
2.0 |
|
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ipaguazu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nacatimbay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
El Vinalar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chivil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Surubi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valle Morado |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Santa Victoria |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
|
|
2.2 |
|
|
|
5.5 |
|
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
Drilling Activity Argentina
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Productive - Gross (1) |
|
|
Productive - Net (2) |
|
Dry - Gross (1) |
|
Dry - Net (2) |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
Exploration |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Development |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0.14 |
|
|
|
0.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0.14 |
|
|
|
0.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Represents the total number of wells at which there is drilling activity.
|
|
(2) |
|
Represents Gran Tierras interest in the total number of wells at which there is drilling
activity. |
As of December 31, 2006, there were two drilling projects in Argentina which were in progress.
The Puesto Climaco-2 side track well located on the El Vinalar block was in the process of being
drilled. We completed the well and began production in January 2007. Gross production, after
royalties, averaged approximately 600 barrels per day during January 2007 of which our share, based
on a 50% working interest, was 300 barrels per day.
We were also in the process of performing a workover on the Ipaguazu-1 well located on the Ipaguazu
block. This workover was completed in January 2007 but we were unable to re-establish production.
17
Oil and Gas Properties-Colombia
In June 2006, we purchased Argosy Energy International L.P. and became the operator of eight
blocks in Colombia. The Santana and Guayuyaco blocks are currently producing. The Rio Magdalena,
Talora, Chaza, Primavera, Azar and Mecaya blocks are in their exploration phases. Argosy was
subsequently renamed Gran Tierra Energy Colombia SA.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross |
|
|
|
|
|
Net |
|
Oil (1) |
|
Reserves |
|
Lease |
|
|
Property |
|
Field |
|
Acreage |
|
WI% |
|
Acres |
|
Bbl/day |
|
MBbl (2) |
|
Expiry |
|
2007 Plans |
|
Santana |
|
|
|
|
1,119 |
|
|
|
35 |
% |
|
|
392 |
|
|
|
365 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Facility & well enhancement work |
|
|
Linda |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
2015 |
|
|
|
|
Mary |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
|
|
2015 |
|
|
|
|
Inchiyaco |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
2015 |
|
|
|
|
Miraflor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
127 |
|
|
2015 |
|
|
|
|
Toroyaco |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
223 |
|
|
2015 |
|
|
Guayuyaco |
|
|
|
|
52,365 |
|
|
|
35 |
% |
|
|
18,328 |
|
|
|
327 |
|
|
|
197 |
|
|
2030 |
|
Drill Juanambu-1 & Florestra-1wells |
Chaza |
|
|
|
|
80,241 |
|
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
40,121 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2027 |
|
Drill exploration well |
Mecaya |
|
|
|
|
74,131 |
|
|
|
15 |
% |
|
|
11,120 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
2034 |
|
Seismic & drilling preparation |
Azar |
|
|
|
|
51,639 |
|
|
|
80 |
% |
|
|
41,311 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012 |
|
Purchase seismic; reenter existing well |
Rio Magdalena |
|
|
|
|
144,670 |
|
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
144,670 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2030 |
|
Drill exploration well |
Talora |
|
|
|
|
108,336 |
|
|
|
20 |
% |
|
|
21,667 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2032 |
|
Drill two exploration wells |
Primavera |
|
|
|
|
359,064 |
|
|
|
15 |
% |
|
|
53,860 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2036 |
|
Drill two exploration wells |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
871,565 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
331,468 |
|
|
|
692 |
|
|
|
1,095 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Average oil production from date of acquisition, June 21,
2006to December 31, 2006. |
|
(2) |
|
Oil reserves are reported in thousands of barrels as proved reserves net of royalties. |
18
Santana
The Santana block covers 1,119 acres and includes 15 producing wells in 4 fields Linda,
Mary, Miraflor and Toroyaco, and one non-producing field, Inchiyaco. Activities are governed by
terms of an Association Contract with Ecopetrol, and we are the operator. The properties are
subject to a 20% royalty and we hold a 35% interest in all fields with the exception of one well
located in the Mary field, where we hold a 25.83% working interest. Ecopetrol holds the remaining
interests. The block has been producing since 1991.
Oil is sold to Ecopetrol and is exported via the Trans-Andean pipeline. Oil prices are
defined by contract and are related to a West Texas Intermediate reference price. By contract, 25%
of sales are denominated in pesos and 75% in US dollars. The production contract expires in 2015,
at which time the property will be returned to the government. As a result, there will be no
reclamation costs.
In 2007, we will undertake remedial work on various wells and the upgrade of the Mary
field water processing facility.
Guayuyaco
The Guayuyaco block covers 52,365 acres and includes the area surrounding the 4 producing
fields of the Santana contract area. The Guayuyaco block is governed by an Adjacent Play
Association Contract with Ecopetrol, resulting in a royalty of 8%. We are the operator and have a
35% participation interest. The Guayuyaco field was discovered in 2005. Two wells are now
producing, with Guayuyaco-1 commencing production in February 2005 and Guayuyaco-2 beginning
production in September 2005. Production (net of royalty) averaged 327 barrels per day from the
date of acquisition June 21, 2006 to December 31, 2006. Oil quality and sales terms are comparable
to Santana oil and volumes are similarly transported via the Trans-Andean pipeline for export. A
combined 2D and 3D seismic survey was acquired over the block in 2005. Ecopetrol may back-in to a
30% participation interest in any new discoveries in the block.
The contract expires in two phases: the exploration phase and the production phase. The
exploration phase expires in 2008 and the production phase expires in 2030. In March 2007, we
completed drilling the Juanambu-1 exploration well and will be performing production testing in
April 2007. During 2007, we will be performing remedial work on the Guayuyaco field. The property
will be returned to the government upon expiration of the production contract. As a result, there
will be no reclamation costs.
Rio Magdalena
Argosy Energy International L.P. entered into the Rio Magdalena Association Contract in
February 2002. The Rio Magdalena block covers 144,670 acres and is located approximately 75 km
west of Bogota, Colombia. There are no reserves at this time, as this is an exploration block. We
purchased Argosys 100% working interest in June 2006 and we are now the operator. According to
the terms of the exploration contract, we are committed to drill three exploration wells prior to
February 2008. The first of these wells, Popa-1, was drilled in late 2006 and was subsequently
plugged and abandoned after testing oil production at non-commercial rates (60 barrels per day).
The drilling for the second exploration well, Caneyes-1, began in late December 2006 and was
subsequently plugged and abandoned in February 2007. We have entered the final exploration phase,
which expires February 28, 2008. One additional exploration well will be drilled before the
contract expires. The production contract expires in 2030 at which time the property will be
returned to the government. As a result, there will be no reclamation costs.
According to the terms of the Association Contract, Ecopetrol may back-in for a 30%
participation upon commercialization, and a sliding scale royalty will apply. The royalty rate is
currently at 8%.
Chaza
The Chaza block covers 80,241 acres and is governed by the terms of an Exploration &
Exploitation Contract with the government agency ANH (Hydrocarbons National Agency), reflecting
improved fiscal terms in Colombia introduced in 2004. We are the operator and hold a 50%
participation interest. There is no production or reserves for this field, at this time. One
19
commitment exploration well is planned to be drilled during 2007. The contract for this field
expires in two phases. The exploration phase expires in 2011 and the production phase ends in
2027. The property will be returned to the government upon expiration of the production contract.
As a result, there will be no reclamation costs.
Talora
We hold a 20% working interest and are the operator for the Talora block as a result of
our acquisition of Argosy. The Exploration & Exploitation Contract associated with the block was
originally signed in September 2004, providing for a 6 year exploration period and 28 year
production period. The Talora contract area covers 108,336 acres and is located approximately 75
km west of Bogota, Colombia. There are currently no reserves, as this is an exploration block. We
commenced drilling on the Laura-1 exploration well on December 27, 2006 and it was subsequently
plugged and abandoned in January 2007. Drilling of this well has fulfilled our commitment for the
second exploration phase of the contract, ending December 31, 2006. The third exploration phase
has begun and there is one commitment one drill a well associated with it. The property will be
returned to the government upon expiration of the production contract. As a result, there will be
no reclamation costs.
Primavera
The Primavera Exploration & Exploitation contract was signed May 2006. The Primavera
contract area covers 359,064 acres in the Llanos basin. We are the operator and have a 15%
participation interest. Chaco Resources also has a 55% participation interest. In 2007, we plan
to drill two wells in the Primavera area. The property will be returned to the government upon
expiration of the production contract. As a result, there will be no reclamation costs.
Mecaya
The Mecaya Exploration & Exploitation contract was signed June 2006. The Mecaya contract
area covers 74,131 acres in southern Colombia, about 150 km southeast of Pasto. We are the
operator and have a 15% participation interest. There are currently no reserves booked for this
field because this is an exploration block. There is an indigenous population in the area and work
plans may require local consultation. In this event, phases 1 and 2 of the exploration contract
will be extended by 6 months each. The first phase is scheduled to expire June 2007. Work plans
include 2-D seismic and reprocessing, road construction, plus re-completion of the existing
Mecaya-1 well bore. Phase two of the exploration contract expires in 2010. The production
contract for this field expires in 2034. The property will be returned to the government upon
expiration of the production contract. As a result, there will be no reclamation costs.
Azar
We acquired an 80% interest in the Azar property in late 2006. This exploration block covers
51,639 acres. We plan to purchase seismic in 2007 to assess exploitation opportunities and we plan
to re-enter an existing well on the property during 2007. The production contract expires in 2012
for this property.
20
Reserves Summary Colombia
Crude Oil Estimated Reserves
Net to Gran Tierra, after Royalty, at December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil 2006 (1) (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
(thousand barrels) |
|
|
|
|
|
Proved Developed |
|
|
Proved Undeveloped |
|
|
Total Proved |
|
|
|
|
|
Santana |
|
|
|
838 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
838 |
|
|
Guayuyaco |
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
Chaza |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mecaya |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
Azar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rio Magdelene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Talora |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Primavera |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
|
|
1,034 |
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
1,095 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Reserves certified by Gaffney, Cline and Associates, as of December 31,
2006. |
|
(2) |
|
We have no reserves of natural gas in Colombia. |
No estimates of proved reserves have been filed with any other Federal authority or agency
since January 1, 2006.
Production Profile Colombia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil Production (Bbl) |
|
|
Oil Price ($/Bbl) |
|
|
Production Costs ($/Bbl) |
|
|
Net Revenue ($/Bbl) |
Net of Royalties |
|
2005 (1) |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
Santana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
70,746 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
51.59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
13.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
38.09 |
|
Guayuyaco |
|
|
|
|
|
|
63,523 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
53.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
7.61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
45.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
134,269 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
52.33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
10.71 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
41.62 |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Colombian assets were acquired June 21, 2006. |
Productive Wells Colombia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil Productive -Net |
|
|
Oil Productive -Gross |
(Number of wells) |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
Santana |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
Guayuyaco |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
Chaza |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mecaya |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Azar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rio Magdelene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Talora |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Primavera |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
21
Acreage Colombia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developed Gross (1) |
|
|
Developed Net (2) |
|
|
Undeveloped Gross (1) |
|
|
Undeveloped Net (2) |
Crude Oil |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
Santana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,119 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
392 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Guayuyaco |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
52,365 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,328 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chaza |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
80,241 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40,121 |
|
Mecaya |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
74,131 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,120 |
|
Azar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
51,639 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
41,311 |
|
Rio Magdelena |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
144,670 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
144,670 |
|
Talora |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
108,336 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21,667 |
|
Primavera |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
359,064 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
53,860 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
53,484 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,719 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
818,103 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
312,749 |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Gross represents the total acreage at each property. |
|
(2) |
|
Net represents our interest in the total acreage at each property. |
Drilling Activity Colombia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Productive - Gross (1) |
|
|
Productive - Net (2) |
|
|
Dry - Gross |
|
|
Dry - Net |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
Exploration |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
Development |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Represents the total number of wells at which there is drilling activity. |
|
(2) |
|
Represents Gran Tierras interest in the total number of wells at which there is drilling activity. |
As of December 31, 2006 two wells were in the process of being drilled in Colombia. The
Laura-1 well, which is located in the Talora block, was plugged and abandoned because it was dry in
January 2007. The Juanambu-1 well, located in the Guayuyaco block, was in the initial stage of
preparing for drilling at December 31, 2006. The well has since been successfully drilled. We are
awaiting test results due in April 2007.
22
Oil and Gas Properties Peru
Blocks 122 and 128
We were awarded two exploration blocks in Peru during 2006. Block 122 covers 1,217,730 acres and
block 128 covers 2,218,503 acres. A license contract for the exploration and exploitation of
hydrocarbons is effective between Gran Tierra and PeruPetro S.A. for block 128 and 122. The blocks
are located in the eastern flank of the Maranon Basin in northern Peru, on the crest of the Iquitos
Arch. We now hold the largest working interest in this trend. Over the next 15 to 18 months, we
plan to purchase and analyze seismic data for these areas. There is a 5-20%, sliding scale,
royalty rate on the lands, dependent on production levels. The exploration contracts expire in
2014 and work commitments are defined in four exploration periods spread over seven years. There
is a financial commitment of $5 million over the seven years for each block which includes
technical studies, seismic acquisition and the drilling of exploration wells. Acquisition of
technical data is planned for 2007 to be followed by seismic work in 2008 and drilling in 2009.
The production contract expires in 2044.
Acreage Peru
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Undeveloped Gross (1) |
|
|
Undeveloped Net (2) |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Block 122 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,217,730 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,217,730 |
|
Block 128 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,218,503 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,218,503 |
|
|
TOTAL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,436,233 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,436,233 |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Represents the total number of wells at which there is drilling activity. |
|
(2) |
|
Represents Gran Tierras interest in the total number of wells at which there is drilling
activity. |
23
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
Ecopetrol and Argosy Energy International L.P. (Argosy), the contracting parties of
the Guayuyaco Association Contract, are engaged in a dispute regarding the interpretation
of the procedure for allocation of oil produced and sold during the long term test of the
Guayuyaco-1 and Guayuyaco-2 wells. Ecopetrol has advised Argosy of a material difference
in the interpretation of the procedure established in the Clause 3.5 of Attachment-B of
the Guayuyaco Association Contract. Ecopetrol interprets the contract to provide that the
extend test production up to a value equal to 30% of the direct exploration costs of the
wells is for Ecopetrols account only and serves as reimbursement of its 30% back in to
the Guayuyaco discovery. Argosys contention is that this amount is merely the recovery of
30% of the direct exploration costs of the wells and not exclusively for benefit of
Ecopetrol. The resolution of this issue is still pending agreement between the parties or
determination through legal proceedings. At this time no amount has been accrued in the
financial statements as it is not considered probable that a loss will be incurred. The
estimated value of disputed production is $2,361,188 which possible loss is shared 50%
($1,180,594) with Solana Petroleum Exploration (Colombia) S.A. partner in the contract and
50% Argosy. Currently, no other legal claims or proceedings are pending against us (a)
which claim damages in excess of 10% of our current assets, (b) which involve bankruptcy,
receivership or similar proceedings, (c) which involve federal, state or local
environmental laws, or (d) which involve any of our directors, officers, affiliates, or
stockholders as a party with a material interest adverse to us. To our knowledge, no other
proceeding against us is currently contemplated by any governmental authority.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
Not applicable.
24
PART II
Item 5. Market for Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Small Business Issuer
Purchases of Equity Securities.
Our common stock was first cleared for quotation on the OTC bulletin board on
November 11, 2005 and has been trading since that time under the symbol GTRE.OB.
As of February 28, 2007 there were approximately 600 holders of record of shares of
our common stock (including holders of exchangeable shares).
On February 28, 2007, the last reported sales price of our shares on the OTC bulletin
board was $1.35. For the periods indicated, the following table sets forth the high and
low bid prices per share of common stock. These prices represent inter-dealer quotations
without retail markup, markdown, or commission and may not necessarily represent actual
transactions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High |
|
Low |
|
Fourth Quarter 2006 |
|
$ |
1.75 |
|
|
$ |
1.10 |
|
Third Quarter 2006 |
|
$ |
3.67 |
|
|
$ |
1.47 |
|
Second Quarter 2006 |
|
$ |
5.01 |
|
|
$ |
2.96 |
|
First Quarter 2006 |
|
$ |
5.95 |
|
|
$ |
3.02 |
|
November 11 through Dec 2005 |
|
$ |
2.80 |
|
|
$ |
1.50 |
|
As of February 28, 2007, there are 95,455,765 shares of common stock issued and
outstanding, which number includes shares of common stock issuable upon exchange of the
exchangeable shares of Goldstrike Exchange Co. issued to former holders of Gran Tierra
Canadas common stock.
Dividend Policy
We have never declared or paid dividends on the shares of common stock and we intend
to retain future earnings, if any, to support the development of the business and
therefore do not anticipate paying cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Payment of
future dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors after taking
into account various factors, including current financial condition, operating results and
current and anticipated cash needs. Under the terms of our credit facility with Standard
Bank Plc, we are required to obtain the approval of the Bank for any dividend payments
made by us exceeding $2 million in any fiscal year.
Item 6. Managements Discussion and Analysis or Plan of Operation
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read
in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Except for the
historical information contained herein, the matters discussed below are forward-looking statements
that involve risks and uncertainties, including, among others, the risks and uncertainties
discussed below.
Overview
We are an independent international energy company involved in oil and natural gas
exploration, development and production. We plan to continually increase our oil and natural gas
reserves through a balanced strategy of exploration drilling, development and acquisitions in South
America. Initial countries of interest are Argentina, Colombia and Peru.
25
We took our current form on November 10, 2005 when the former Gran Tierra Energy Inc, a
privately held corporation in Alberta (Gran Tierra Canada), was acquired by an indirect
subsidiary of Goldstrike Inc, a Nevada corporation, which was publicly traded on the OTC Bulletin
Board. Goldstrike adopted the assets, management, business operations, business plan and
name of Gran Tierra Canada. The predecessor company in the transaction was the former Gran
Tierra Canada; the financial information of the former Goldstrike was eliminated at consolidation.
This transaction is accounted for as a reverse takeover of Goldstrike Inc. by Gran Tierra Canada.
Prior to September 1, 2005, we had no oil and gas interests or properties. In September 2005
and during 2006 we acquired oil and gas interests and properties in Argentina, Colombia and Peru.
On September 1, 2005, we acquired a 14% non-operating interest in the Palmar Largo joint
venture in Argentina, involving several producing fields. At the same time, we acquired interests
in two minor properties in Argentina, comprising a 50% interest in the Nacatimbay block, which
produces minor volumes of natural gas and associated liquids from a single well, and a 50% interest
in the Ipaguazu block, a non-producing property. The total cost of these acquisitions was
approximately $7 million.
Effective June 30, 2006, we closed a farm-in arrangement with Golden Oil Corporation whereby
we purchased 50% of the El Vinalar producing block in Argentina for $950,000. We also agreed to pay
100% of the first $2.7 million in costs of a sidetrack well related to this farm-in agreement.
On February 15, 2006, we made an offer to acquire the interests of CGC in eight properties in
Argentina. On November 2, 2006, we closed the purchase of interests in four properties for a total
purchase price of $2.1 million. The assets purchased include a 93.18% participation interest in the
Valle Morado block, a 100% interest in the Santa Victoria block and the remaining 50% interests in
the Nacatimbay and Ipaguazu blocks.
On December 1, 2006, we closed the purchase of interests in two other properties from CGC,
including a 100% interest in the El Chivil block and a 100% participation interest in the Surubi
block, each located in the Noroeste Basin of Argentina, for a total purchase price of $2.5 million.
We also purchased the remaining 25% minority interest in each property from the joint venture
partner for a total purchase price of $280,000.
The total purchase price in 2006 for the acquisition of CGCs interests in all six properties
was $4.6 million. Post-closing adjustments, which reflect original values assigned to the
properties, amended terms, revenues and costs from the effective date of January 1, 2006, were
approximately $3.8 million which was paid in January 2007.
We began operations in Colombia on June 20, 2006 through the acquisition of Argosy Energy
International L.P. (Argosy). The Argosy assets consist of interests in a portfolio of producing
and non-producing assets in Colombia. We entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement dated May 25,
2006 with Crosby Capital LLC to acquire all of the limited partnership interests of Argosy and all
of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Argosy Energy Corp. On June 20, 2006 we closed the
Argosy acquisition and paid consideration to Crosby consisting of $37.5 million cash, 870,647
shares of our common stock and overriding and net profit interests in certain of Argosys assets
valued at $1 million. The value of the overriding and net profit interests was based on present
value of expected future cash flows.
We signed a License Contract with PeruPetro S.A. for the Exploration and Exploitation of
Hydrocarbons covering Block 122 in Peru on June 8, 2006. Terms of the License define a seven-year
exploration term with four periods, each with minimum work obligations. The minimum commitment for
the first work period, which is mandatory, is $0.5 million. The potential commitment over the
seven-year period, at our option, is $5.0 million and includes technical studies, seismic
acquisition and the drilling of one exploration well. The License Contract defines an exploitation
term of thirty years for commercial discoveries of oil. Block 122 covers 1.2 million acres. Final
ratification by the government of Peru occurred on November 3, 2006. A second License Contract for
the adjacent Block 128 was subsequently awarded and ratified on December 12, 2006. This second
License encompasses 2.2 million acres and has the same terms as that for Block 122.
The acquisitions were funded through a private placement of our securities that occurred
between September 2005 and February 2006 and an additional private placement that occurred in June
2006.
26
In the fourth quarter of 2005 and the first quarter of 2006 we sold 15 million units of our
securities for gross proceeds of $12 million, less issue costs of $800,000, for net proceeds of
$11.2 million. Each unit consisted of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one
half of a common share for five years at an exercise price of $1.25 per whole share.
In June, 2006 we sold 50,000,000 units of our securities for total proceeds of $75,000,000,
less issue costs of $6,306,699, for net proceeds of $68,693,301. Each unit consisted of one share
of common stock and one warrant to purchase one half a common share for five years at an exercise
price of $1.75 per whole share.
Effective February 28, 2007, we secured a $50 million credit facility with Standard Bank Plc.
The credit facility has a three-year term and an initial borrowing base of $7 million. No amounts
have been drawn-down under the facility.
The shares of common stock and warrants to purchase common shares issued in 2005 and 2006 have
registration rights associated with their issuance pursuant to which we agreed to register for
resale the shares and warrants. In the event that the registration statements are not declared
effective by the SEC by specified dates, we are required to pay liquidated damages to the
purchasers of the shares and warrants.
The 15,047,606 units issued in the fourth quarter of 2005 and first quarter of 2006 have
liquidated damages payable in the amount of 1% of the purchase price for each unit per month
payable each month the registration statement is not declared effective beyond the mandatory
effective date (July 10th, 2006). The total amount recorded and paid at December 31,
2006 for these liquidated damages is $269,923, which is the maximum amount payable. The
registration statement was declared effective by the SEC on February 14, 2007.
The 50,000,000 units issued in June 2006 have liquidated damages payable each month the
registration statement is not declared effective beyond the mandatory effective date (November 17,
2006), calculated as follows:
1% of the purchase price for the 1st month after the mandatory effective date
1.5% of the purchase price for the 2nd and 3rd month after the mandatory effective date
2% of the purchase price for the 4th and 5th months after the mandatory effective date and
1/2% increase each quarter thereafter
The investors have the right to take the liquidated damages either in cash or in shares of our
common stock, at their election. If we fail to pay the cash payment to an investor entitled thereto
by the due date, we will pay interest thereon at a rate of 12% per annum (or such lesser maximum
amount that is permitted to be paid by applicable law) to such investor, accruing daily from the
date such liquidated damages are due until such amounts, plus all such interest thereon, are paid
in full. The total amount of liquidated damages shall not exceed 25% of the purchase price for the
units or $18,750,000.
We filed the registration statement but the registration statement has not yet become
effective and, as a result, we had incurred the obligation to pay approximately $1,258,000 in
liquidated damages as at December 31, 2006, which amount has been recorded as liquidated damages
expense in the consolidated statement of operations. The liquidated damages will continue to accrue
until the registration statement becomes effective, up to a maximum of $18.75 million, which will
be reached in November 2007. We intend to file an amended registration statement with the SEC in
respect of the units. At this time, we do not know when this registration statement will become
effective and we cannot determine the total amount of liquidated damages payable.
Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon obtaining the necessary financing
to acquire oil and natural gas interests and generating profitable operations from our oil and
natural gas interests in the future. Our financial statements as at and for the year ended December
31, 2006 have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets
and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. We incurred a
net loss of $5,823,704 for the year ended December 31, 2006, and, as at December 31, 2006, we had a
deficit of $8,043,384. We expect to incur substantial expenditures to further our capital
investment programs and our cash flow from operating activities and current cash balances may not
be sufficient to satisfy our current obligations and meet our capital investment objectives.
To address our ability to continue as a going concern, we have raised additional capital
through the sale and issuance of common shares, and may do so again in the future. We plan to
expand our portfolio of production, development, step-out and exploration opportunities using
additional equity financing, cash provided from future operating activities, and the bank credit
27
facility. Additional equity financing may not be available to us on attractive terms, if at all.
Further, funds available under our bank credit facility are limited to the amount of the borrowing
base, as determined by the bank semi-annually, up to a maximum of $50 million.
We currently generate the majority of our revenue and cash flow from the production and sale
of crude oil in Argentina and Colombia. The selling prices for our crude oil production are based
on international oil prices, which historically have been volatile. In 2007, our production may be
subject to natural production declines, and our revenues may be impacted by international oil
prices, which are uncertain. Results from operations may also be affected by drilling efforts and
planned remedial work programs. Our drilling and work plans for 2007 are expected to be funded from
available cash, anticipated cash flow from operations, and a bank credit facility. Oil price
declines combined with unexpected costs may require additional equity and/or debt financing during
the year. Increases in the borrowing base under our credit facility are dependent on our success in
increasing oil and gas reserves and dependent on future oil prices.
Our financial results for 2006 and 2005 are principally impacted by acquisitions of oil and
gas interests in Argentina and Colombia in the third quarter of 2005 and the second and fourth
quarters of 2006, as described above, which affected our results of operations. Our financial
condition has also been affected by the equity financings described above. A summary of selected
consolidated financial information for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 is presented
below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
Results of Operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues
Oil sales |
|
$ |
11,645,553 |
|
|
$ |
946,098 |
|
Natural gas sales |
|
|
75,488 |
|
|
|
113,199 |
|
Interest |
|
|
351,872 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues |
|
|
12,072,913 |
|
|
|
1,059,297 |
|
|
Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating |
|
|
4,233,470 |
|
|
|
395,287 |
|
Depletion, depreciation and accretion |
|
|
4,088,437 |
|
|
|
462,119 |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
6,998,805 |
|
|
|
2,482,070 |
|
Liquidated damages |
|
|
1,527,988 |
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign exchange loss |
|
|
370,538 |
|
|
|
(31,271 |
) |
|
Total expenses |
|
|
17,219,237 |
|
|
|
3,308,205 |
|
|
Loss before income tax |
|
|
(5,146,324 |
) |
|
|
(2,248,908 |
) |
Income tax |
|
|
(677,380 |
) |
|
|
29,228 |
|
|
Net loss |
|
$ |
(5,823,704 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,219,680 |
) |
|
Net loss per common share basic and diluted |
|
$ |
(0.08 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.16 |
) |
|
Cash Flows |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating activities |
|
$ |
(829,618 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,876,638 |
) |
Investing activities |
|
|
(46,672,884 |
) |
|
|
(9,108,022 |
) |
Financing activities |
|
|
69,381,827 |
|
|
|
13,206,116 |
|
|
Increase in cash |
|
$ |
21,879,325 |
|
|
$ |
2,221,456 |
|
|
Financial Position |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
24,100,780 |
|
|
$ |
2,221,456 |
|
Working capital (including cash) |
|
|
14,274,644 |
|
|
|
2,764,643 |
|
Total assets |
|
|
105,910,809 |
|
|
|
12,371,131 |
|
Deferred taxes |
|
|
9,875,657 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other long-term Liabilities |
|
|
740,681 |
|
|
|
67,732 |
|
Shareholders equity |
|
|
76,194,779 |
|
|
|
11,039,347 |
|
|
28
The operating results for 2006 include a full year of activities at Palmar Largo, two months
at Nacatimbay before production was suspended on March 1 and two months after production was
reinstated on November 1, six months of activities at El Vinalar beginning July 1, 2006 and one
month of activities at Chivil, commencing December 1, and the Argosy acquisitions in Colombia from
June 21, 2006. The operating results and financial position for 2005 reflect our incorporation on
January 26, 2005 and the commencement of oil and gas operations in Argentina on September 1, 2005.
29
Results of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Revenues
Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2006 were $12,072,913 compared to $1,059,297 for the
year ended December 31, 2005. The increase in revenues is due primarily to the inclusion of a full
year of Argentina operations and the acquisition of the Colombian properties in June 2006. In
Argentina, the 2006 results include a full year of activities at Palmar Largo, four months at
Nacatimbay, six months of activities at El Vinalar beginning July 1, 2006, and one month of
activities at Chivil, commencing December 1. Revenues in 2005 reflect only the Argentina operations
for a 4-month period from September 1, 2005, the date of acquisition of the Palmar Largo and
Nacatimbay properties.
In Argentina, crude oil production after 12% royalties for the year ended December 31, 2006
was 115,420 barrels, including 103,982 barrels from Palmar Largo for the full year, 7,872 barrels
from El Vinalar for the period July 1 to December 31, 2006, and 3,567 barrels from Chivil for
December 1 to December 31, 2006. Average daily production for these periods was 285 barrels from
Palmar Largo, 43 barrels from El Vinalar and 115 barrels from Chivil. In addition, production of
condensate from Nacatimbay after royalties was 363 barrels, or an average of 12 barrels per day for
the period. In 2005, crude oil production after royalties of 12%, for the four-month period from
September 1 (acquisition date of the Argentina properties) to December 31, 2005, was 36,011 barrels
from Palmar Largo, or an average of approximately 293 barrels per day. In addition, production of
condensate from Nacatimbay averaged 5 barrels per day for the period.
In Argentina, oil sales after 12% royalties were 127,712 barrels for the year ended December
31, 2006 including 118,121 barrels from Palmar Largo for the full year, 7,644 barrels from El
Vinalar for the period July 1 to December 31, 2006, and 1,947 barrels from Chivil for December 1 to
December 31, 2006. Average daily sales for these periods were 324 barrels from Palmar Largo, 42
barrels from El Vinalar and 63 barrels from Chivil. In addition, sales of condensate after
royalties were 363 barrels for the year. Natural gas sales at Nacatimbay, which had been shut in
for most of 2005, were 41,447 thousand cubic feet, after 12% royalty, for the period, or 345
thousand cubic feet per day. Oil sales at Palmar Largo during 2005 were reduced to 25,132, or an
average of 206 barrels per day, due to severe weather conditions in Northern Argentina, as extreme
rainfall and poor road conditions curtailed tanker truck traffic through November and December
2005. As a result, oil inventory increased to 13,948 barrels by December 31, 2005. Natural gas
sales at Nacatimbay for the period averaged 494 thousand cubic feet per day, after 12% royalty.
In Argentina, net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2006, after deducting royalties at
an average royalty rate of 12% of production revenue, and after deducting turnover taxes, was
$5,033,363 for oil and $75,488 for natural gas and condensate. Net revenue for the period from
incorporation on January 26, 2005 to December 31, 2005 was $1,059,297, reflecting an average
royalty rate of 12% of production revenue, including $946,098 from oil at Palmar Largo and $113,199
from natural gas and condensate at Nacatimbay.
Average sales price for Palmar Largo oil in 2006 was $34.75 per barrel (2005 $37.80 per
barrel). Average sales prices at Nacatimbay were $36.37 per barrel of condensate (2005 $37.58 per
barrel) and $1.74 per thousand cubic feet of natural gas (2005 $1.50 per thousand cubic feet of
natural gas). Oil and natural gas prices are effectively regulated in Argentina.
In Colombia, we recorded production and results of operations beginning June 21, 2006 in
conjunction with our acquisition of Argosy. We recorded no production in 2005. Production after
royalties was 134,269 barrels for the period from June 21 to December 31, 2006, comprising 70,746
barrels from the Santana block and 63,523 barrels from the Guayuyaco block, representing an average
production rate of 692 barrels per day for the period. Oil sales were 129,209 barrels for the
period from June 21 to December 31, 2006, or 666 barrels per day on average during the period.
In Colombia, net revenue was $6,612,190 for the year ended December 31, 2006, reflecting
royalty rates of 20% for the Santana block and 8% for the Guayuyaco block. The average sales price
for oil in 2006 was $52.33 per barrel.
Interest revenue earned on our cash deposits was $351,872 for the year ended December 31, 2006
and none in 2005.
30
Operating Expenses
For the year ended December 31, 2006, operating expenses were $4,233,470 compared to $395,287
in 2005, reflecting the inclusion in 2006 of a full year of Argentine operating activities at
Palmar Largo, four months at Nacatimbay, six months of activities at El Vinalar beginning July 1,
2006 and one month at Chivil commencing December 1, and six months plus ten days of operations in
Colombia beginning June 21, 2006.
In Argentina, operating expenses for 2006 totaled $2,846,705 (approximating $20.37 per
barrel), primarily at Palmar Largo including an inventory adjustment of $409,582 ($2.93 per barrel)
due to an underlift of crude oil volumes by a partner in the Palmar Largo joint venture. As of
December 31, 2006, we have accrued the impact of an agreement among the joint venture partners
providing for the recovery of underlifted volumes. Operating expenses totaled $395,287 for the
period from incorporation on January 26, 2005 to December 31, 2005, representing four months of
operations in Argentina. This equates to an average operating cost of $8.90 per barrel of oil
equivalent (natural gas conversion 20 to 1). Operating costs for 2006 have increased primarily due
to workover activity at Palmar Largo. Work over costs are treated as an operating expense.
In Colombia, operating expenses were $1,386,765 in 2006 or $10.71 per barrel for the period
June 21 to December 31, 2006. We have no comparative data for 2005 because the business was
acquired during 2006.
Depletion, depreciation and accretion
Depreciation, depletion and accretion was $4,088,437 for 2006, including accretion of asset
retirement obligations of $5,061, compared to $462,119 in 2005, reflecting the inclusion of a full
year of operations at Palmar Largo, additional Argentina acquisitions in 2006, and the inclusion of
Colombia operations in June 2006. The majority of the 2006 expense represents the depletion of oil
and gas assets in Argentina and the newly acquired Colombia properties. Depreciation, depletion and
accretion recorded in 2005 primarily relates to the depletion of the acquisition cost for the
Argentina properties.
General and Administrative
General and administrative costs for 2006 were $6,998,805, including staffing and other costs
for our offices in Calgary, Argentina and Colombia. This represented a $4,516,735 or a 182%
increase over 2005 costs. The incremental increase in general and administrative costs in 2006 was
primarily due to operating fully-staffed branch offices in Colombia and Argentina, the increased
level of activity related to our expansion of operations, which resulted from acquisition of the
Argosy assets in Colombia and properties in Argentina, and costs related to the registration of our
securities. The increase in costs was primarily in four main categories: professional services
increased by $1,382,134; employee costs increased by $1,566,979; bank and debt related fees
increased by $561,971; and office related costs increased by $732,199.
Liquidated Damages
Liquidated damages of $1,527,988 recorded in 2006 relate to liquidated damages payable to our
stockholders as a result of the registration statements for our securities issued in 2005 and 2006
not becoming effective within the periods specified in the share registration rights agreements for
those securities. The amount expensed includes $269,923 related to 15,047,606 units issued in the
fourth quarter of 2005 and first quarter of 2006 and $1,258,065 related to 50 million units sold in
the second quarter of 2006. We did not have any liquidated damages in 2005. Our registration
statement for our 2005 private placement became effective in February 2007, and the amount of
$269,923 incurred in 2006 in connection with the late effectiveness of this registration statement
is the maximum amount of liquidated damages payable in respect of these units. Our registration
statement for our June 2006 private placement has not yet become effective, and we incurred $3.9
million in liquidated damages in the first quarter of 2007 in connection with the late
effectiveness of this registration statement, and will continue to incur liquidated damages until
it becomes effective, with a maximum amount of liquidated damages being $18.75 million. The
holders of the units have the option of taking the liquidated damages in cash or stock.
Foreign Exchange Loss
Foreign exchange loss was $370,538 for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to a gain of
$31,271 for 2005. The loss arose primarily from translation of local currency denominated
transactions in our South American operations into US dollars.
31
Income Tax
We recorded an income tax expense of $677,380 in 2006 compared to an income tax benefit of $29,228
in 2005. The Colombia operations generated a net income before tax of $2.4 million dollars, which
resulted in a local income tax liability, offset by income tax assets arising from losses incurred
in Argentina.
Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Shares
The net loss for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $5,823,704, or $0.08 per share. This
loss includes a full year of operating activities at Palmar Largo and six months plus ten days of
operations in Colombia, and costs related to the share registration statements. The net loss for
the period from incorporation on January 26, 2005 to December 31, 2005, was $2,219,680, equivalent
to a loss of $0.16 per share. These results reflect four months of operating activity, twelve
months of business activity and significant costs relating to the November 10, 2005 share exchange.
Per share calculations for 2006 and 2005 are based on basic weighted average shares
outstanding of 72,443,501 and 13,538,149, respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As at December 31, 2006, our cash balance was $24,100,780 and our current assets (including
cash balance) less current liabilities were $14,339,654, compared to cash of $2,221,456 and net
current assets of $2,764,643 at December 31, 2005.
Restricted cash of $2,291,360 as at December 31, 2006 will become or has become available to
us as follows:
|
a) |
|
Standard Bank holds a $1,009,009 restricted deposit for Gran Tierra. The funds were
held as a guarantee for two letters of credit issued in Peru for work commitments for our
land holdings, blocks 122 and 128. Export Development Canada, issued a guarantee on Gran
Tierras behalf in February 2007, which effectively replaced these guaranteed funds.
Therefore, the funds were returned to Gran Tierra as unrestricted cash in February, 2007. |
|
|
b) |
|
Funds are being held in escrow, by Bank of America, pending a request from Gran Tierra
to the Alberta Securities Commission to provide the same resale rights for purchasers
resident in Alberta as other investors in the private placement completed in June 2006.
There are $1,280,951 in funds being held in escrow awaiting satisfaction of this condition. |
|
|
c) |
|
Argentina has $1,400 remaining in restricted cash to satisfy joint venture partner
requirements. |
During the year ended December 31, 2006, we increased our cash balances by $21,889,447 and
funded our capital expenditures and operating expenditures from proceeds of a series of private
placements of our securities. Cash outflows comprised $829,618 from operating activities and cash
inflows of $69,381,827 from financing activities, offset by cash outflows of $46,672,884 for
investing activities. Proceeds from private placements included $75,000,000, less issue costs of
$6,303,699, from the sale of 50,000,000 units of our securities in June 2006, $610,000 from the
sale of 762,500 units in the first quarter of 2006, and proceeds from the exercise of warrants to
purchase common stock. However, of the amount raised, $1,280,951 is held in escrow, and the holders
of those units have the right to return the units to us and receive their purchase price back under
the terms of the escrow agreement because we were unable to obtain a securities laws exemption for
those holders by a specified date. We are currently in discussions with those stockholders
regarding whether or not they will exercise that right.
During 2005, we funded the majority of our capital expenditures from funds received through
three private placements of our securities. Cash inflows from financing activities were
$13,206,116, offset by cash outflows of $2,277,065 from operating activities and $8,707,595 for
investing activities. Proceeds from private placements included $11,428,084 from the sale of
14,285,106 units of our securities in the fourth quarter of 2005.
Capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2006 were $48,394,181 and were primarily
related to the Argosy purchase in Colombia, the purchase of the El Vinalar and CGC properties in
Argentina, development activity at Palmar Largo, drilling activities in Colombia, and office
equipment and leasehold improvements in both Calgary and Argentina. During 2005, capital
expenditures for the period from incorporation on January 26, 2005 to December 31, 2005, were
$8,775,327, predominantly for the acquisition cost of the Palmar Largo, Nacatimbay and Ipaguazu
interests in Argentina. The purchase price
32
for the Argentina acquisition was $7,032,714 plus post-closing adjustments of $708,955 with
the remaining capital expenditures relates to our share of the cost of drilling one well at Palmar
Largo.
The minimum capital expenditure commitment for blocks 122 and 128 in Peru is $1.0 million for
the initial 3-year work period. We have no other capital expenditure commitments, other than
discretionary capital expenditures to be made in the normal course of operations for workover and
drilling activities. As well, post-closing adjustments of $3.8 million, related to the acquisition
of CGCs interests in six properties, were paid in January 2007.
Effective February 28, 2007, we entered into a credit facility with Standard Bank Plc. The
facility has a three-year term which may be extended by agreement between the parties. The
borrowing base is the present value of our petroleum reserves up to maximum of $50 million. The
initial borrowing base is $7 million and the borrowing base will be re-determined semi-annually
based on reserve evaluation reports. The facility includes a letter of credit sub-limit of up to $5
million. Amounts drawn down under the facility bear interest at the Eurodollar rate plus 4%. A
stand-by fee of 1% per annum is charged on the un-drawn amount of the borrowing base. The facility
is secured primarily by our Colombian assets. Under the terms of the facility, we are required to
maintain compliance with specified financial and operating covenants. We are also required to enter
into a hedging agreement for the purpose of obtaining protection against fluctuations in the price
of oil in respect of at least 50% of our projected aggregate net share of Colombian production
after royalties for the three-year term of the facility. No amounts have been drawn-down under the
facility.
In accordance with the terms of the credit facility with Standard Bank Plc, we entered into a
costless collar hedging contract for crude oil based on West Texas Intermediate (WTI) price, with
a floor of $48.00 and a ceiling of $80.00, for a three-year period, for 400 barrels per day from
March 2007 to December 2007, 300 barrels per day from January 2008 to December 2008, and 200
barrels per day from January 2009 to February 2010.
During 2007, we plan to drill ten wells, conduct several workovers of existing wells, and
conduct technical studies on our existing acreage. Our estimated drilling budget for 2007 is $13.5
million.
In Argentina, two new wells are scheduled for 2007. This includes the Puesto Climaco-2
sidetrack in the Vinalar Block, which was completed and put on production in January 2007, and
drilling the Proa-1 exploration well in the Surubi Block in the second half of 2007. Several well
workovers are contemplated for wells on existing producing and shut-in fields.
In Colombia, eight new wells are scheduled for 2007, including the Laura-1 exploration well in
the Talora Block, the Caneyes-1 exploration well in the Rio Magdalena Block, the Soyona-1 and
Cachapa-1 exploration wells in the Primavera Block, the Juanambu-1 and Floresta-1 exploration wells
in the Guayuyaco Block, the Costayaco-1 exploration well in the Chaza Block, and the Piedra-1
exploration well in the Talora block. Laura-1 finished drilling in January 2007, and Caneyes-1 was
drilled in February 2007, and both wells were plugged and abandoned. Several workovers are also
contemplated for wells on existing producing and shut-in fields.
In Peru, operations in 2007 are limited to technical studies of Block 122 and Block 128, which
involve expenditures of approximately $400,000.
In addition to current projects, we may pursue new ventures in South America, in areas of
current activity and in new regions or countries. There is no assurance additional opportunities
will be available, or if we participate in additional opportunities that those opportunities will
be successful. Based on projected production, prices and costs, we believe that our current
operations and capital expenditure program can be maintained from cash flow from existing
operations, cash on hand, and our credit facility, barring unforeseen events or a severe downturn
in oil and gas prices. Should our operating cash flow decline, we would examine measures such as
reducing our capital expenditure program, issuance of debt, or issuance of equity.
Future growth and acquisitions will depend on our ability to raise additional funds through
equity and/or debt markets. We have recently completed financing initiatives to support recent
acquisition initiatives, which have also brought additional production and cash flow into our
company. Increases in the borrowing base under our credit facility are dependent on our success in
increasing oil and gas reserves and on future oil prices.
33
We will need to raise additional funds to pay liquidated damages in the event that the
registration statement for the 50 million units issued in June 2006 does not become effective, and
in the event that our stockholders elect to receive cash rather than stock in settlement of the
damages.
Our initiatives to raise debt or equity financing to fund capital expenditures or other
acquisition and development opportunities may be affected by the market value of our common stock.
If the price of our common stock declines, our ability to utilize our stock to raise capital may be
negatively affected. Also, raising funds by issuing stock or other equity securities would further
dilute our existing stockholders, and this dilution would be exacerbated by a decline in stock
price. Any securities we issue may have rights, preferences and privileges that are senior to our
existing equity securities. Borrowing money may also involve pledging some or all of our assets.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As at December 31, 2006 and 2005, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item
303(c) of Regulation S-B, promulgated by the SEC.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements under generally accepted accounting principles
(GAAP) in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at
the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Our critical accounting
estimates are discussed below.
Oil and Gas Accounting-Reserves Determination
We follow the full cost method of accounting for our investment in oil and natural gas
properties, as defined by the SEC, as described in note 2 to our consolidated financial statements.
Full cost accounting depends on the estimated reserves we believe are recoverable from our oil and
gas reserves. The process of estimating reserves is complex. It requires significant judgments and
decisions based on available geological, geo-physical, engineering and economic data.
To estimate the economically recoverable oil and natural gas reserves and related future net
cash flows, we incorporate many factors and assumptions including:
|
|
|
expected reservoir characteristics based on geological, geophysical and engineering
assessments; |
|
|
|
|
future production rates based on historical performance and expected
future operating and investment activities; |
|
|
|
|
future oil and gas quality differentials; |
|
|
|
|
assumed effects of regulation by governmental agencies; and |
|
|
|
|
future development and operating costs. |
We believe our assumptions are reasonable based on the information available to us at the time
we prepare our estimates. However, these estimates may change substantially as additional data from
ongoing development activities and production performance becomes available and as economic
conditions impacting oil and gas prices and costs change.
Management is responsible for estimating the quantities of proved oil and natural gas reserves
and for preparing related disclosures. Estimates and related disclosures are prepared in accordance
with SEC requirements and generally accepted industry practices in the US as prescribed by the
Society of Petroleum Engineers. Reserve estimates, including the standardized measure
34
of discounted future net cash flow and changes therein, are prepared at least annually by
independent qualified reserves consultants.
Our board of directors oversees the annual review of our oil and gas reserves and related
disclosures. The Board meets with management periodically to review the reserves process, results
and related disclosures and appoints and meets with the independent reserves consultants to review
the scope of their work, whether they have had access to sufficient information, the nature and
satisfactory resolution of any material differences of opinion, and in the case of the independent
reserves consultants, their independence.
Reserves estimates are critical to many of our accounting estimates, including:
|
|
|
Determining whether or not an exploratory well has found economically producible
reserves. |
|
|
|
|
Calculating our unit-of-production depletion rates. Proved reserves estimates are used
to determine rates that are applied to each unit-of-production in calculating our depletion
expense. |
|
|
|
|
Assessing, when necessary, our oil and gas assets for impairment. Estimated future cash
flows are determined using proved reserves. The critical estimates used to assess
impairment, including the impact of changes in reserves estimates, are discussed below. |
Oil and Gas Accounting-Impairment
We evaluate our oil and gas properties for impairment on a quarterly basis. We assess
estimated discounted future cash flows to determine if properties are impaired on a cost center
basis. If the 10% discounted future cash flows for a cost center are less than the carrying amount,
the cost center is impaired and written down to its fair value.
Cash flow estimates for our impairment assessments require assumptions about two primary
elements constant prices and reserves. It is difficult to determine and assess the impact of a
decrease in our proved reserves on our impairment tests. The relationship between the reserves
estimate and the estimated discounted cash flows is complex because of the necessary assumptions
that need to be made regarding period end production rates, period end prices and costs. Under full
cost accounting, we perform a ceiling test to ensure that unamortized capitalized costs in each
cost centre do not exceed their fair value. We recognize an impairment loss in net earnings when
the carrying amount of a cost center is not recoverable and the carrying amount of the cost center
exceeds its fair value. A cost center is defined as a country. Capitalized costs, less accumulated
depreciation (carrying value) are limited to the sum of: the present value of estimated future net
revenues from proved oil and gas reserves, less future value of unproven properties included in the
costs being amortized; less income tax effects related to the differences between the book and tax
basis of the properties. If unamortized capital costs within a cost center exceed the cost center
ceiling, the excess shall be charged to expense and separately disclosed during the period in which
the excess occurs. As a result, we are unable to provide a reasonable sensitivity analysis of the
impact that a reserves estimate decrease would have on our assessment of impairment.
We assessed our oil and gas properties for impairment as at December 31, 2006 and 2005 and
found no impairments were required based on our assumptions. Estimates of standardized measure of
our future cash flows from proved reserves were based on realized crude oil prices of $48.66 in
Colombia and $35.56 to $38.57 for our Argentina properties. A future reduction in oil prices and/or
quantities of proved reserves would reduce the ceiling limitation and may result in a ceiling test
write-down.
Asset Retirement Obligations
We are required to remove or remedy the effect of our activities on the environment at our
present and former operating sites by dismantling and removing production facilities and
remediating any damage caused. Estimating our future asset retirement obligations requires us to
make estimates and judgments with respect to activities that will occur many years into the future.
In addition, the ultimate financial impact of environmental laws and regulations is not always
clearly known and cannot be reasonably estimated as standards evolve in the countries in which we
operate.
35
We record asset retirement obligations in our consolidated financial statements by discounting
the present value of the estimated retirement obligations associated with our oil and gas wells and
facilities and chemical plants. In arriving at amounts recorded, we make numerous assumptions and
judgments with respect to ultimate settlement amounts, inflation factors, credit adjusted discount
rates, timing of settlement and expected changes in legal, regulatory, environmental and political
environments. The asset retirement obligations we have recorded result in an increase to the
carrying cost of our property, plant and equipment. The obligations are accreted with the passage
of time. A change in any one of our assumptions could impact our asset retirement obligations, our
property, plant and equipment and our net income.
It is difficult to determine the impact of a change in any one of our assumptions. As a
result, we are unable to provide a reasonable sensitivity analysis of the impact a change in our
assumptions would have on our financial results. We are confident, however, that our assumptions
are reasonable.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price of business combinations over the fair value
of net assets acquired and we test for impairment at least annually. The impairment test requires
allocating goodwill and all other assets and liabilities to assigned reporting units. We estimate
the fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the net book value of the reporting unit.
If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than the net book value, including
goodwill, we write down the goodwill to the implied fair value of the goodwill through a charge to
expense. Because quoted market prices are not available for our reporting units, we estimate the
fair values of the reporting units based upon several valuation analyses, including comparable
companies, comparable transactions and premiums paid. The goodwill on our financial statements was
a result of the Argosy acquisition, and relates entirely to the Colombia reporting segment.
Deferred Income Taxes
We follow the liability method of accounting for income taxes whereby we recognize future
income tax assets and liabilities based on temporary differences in reported amounts for financial
statement and tax purposes. We carry on business in several countries and as a result, we are
subject to income taxes in numerous jurisdictions. The determination of our income tax provision is
inherently complex and we are required to interpret continually changing regulations and make
certain judgments. While income tax filings are subject to audits and reassessments, we believe we
have made adequate provision for all income tax obligations. However, changes in facts and
circumstances as a result of income tax audits, reassessments, jurisprudence and any new
legislation may result in an increase or decrease in our provision for income taxes.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108,
Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when quantifying Misstatements in Current Year
Financial Statements (SAB 108). SAB 108 requires companies to evaluate the materiality of
identified unadjusted errors on each financial statement and related financial statement disclosure
using both the rollover approach and the iron curtain approach. The rollover approach quantifies
misstatements based on the effects of correcting the misstatement existing in the balance sheet at
the end of the current year, irrespective of the misstatements year(s) of origin. Financial
statements would require adjustment when either approach results in quantifying a misstatement that
is material. Correcting prior year financial statements for immaterial errors would not require
previously filed reports to be amended. The adoption of SAB 108 did not have a material impact on
our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2006, the FASB issued Statement 155, Accounting for Certain Hybrid Instruments,
which amends Statement 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, and
Statement 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of
Liabilities. Statement 155 permits fair value re-measurement for any hybrid financial instrument
that contains an embedded derivative that otherwise would require bifurcation from its host
contract in accordance with Statement 133. Statement 155 also clarifies other provisions of
Statement 133 and Statement 140. This statement is effective for all financial instruments acquired
or issued in fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2006. We do not expect adoption of this
statement will have a material impact on our results of operations or financial position.
36
In July 2006, FASB issued FIN 48 Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes with respect to
FAS 109 Accounting for Income Taxes regarding accounting for and disclosure of uncertain tax
positions. This guidance seeks to reduce the diversity in practice associated with certain aspects
of the recognition and measurement related to accounting for income taxes. This interpretation is
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. We do not expect adoption of this
statement will have a material impact on our results of operations or financial position.
In September 2006, FASB issued Statement 157, Fair Value Measurements. Statement 157 defines
fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under US generally accepted accounting
principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This statement is effective for
fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We do not expect the adoption of this statement
will have a material impact on our results of operations or financial position.
In December 2006, FASB issued Staff Position (FSP) EITF (Emerging Issues Task Force) 00-19-2,
Accounting for Registration Payment Arrangements. FSP EITF 00-19-2 specifies that the contingent
obligation to make future payments or otherwise transfer consideration under a registration payment
arrangement, whether issued as a separate agreement or included as a provision of a financial
instrument or other agreement, should be separately recognized and measured in accordance with FASB
Statement No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies. This FSP is effective for fiscal years beginning
after December 15, 2006. We early adopted this FSP during the year ended December 31, 2006 and
recorded $1,258,000 in liquidated damages as an expense in the consolidated statement of operations
and deficit and the same amount in accrued liabilities at December 31, 2006.
In February 2007, the FASB issued FAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and
Financial Liabilities (FAS 159). FAS 159 permits an entity to elect fair value as the initial and
subsequent measurement attribute for many financial assets and liabilities. Entities electing the
fair value option would be required to recognize changes in fair value in earnings. Entities
electing the fair value option are required to distinguish on the face of the statement of
financial position, the fair value of assets and liabilities for which the fair value option has
been elected and similar assets and liabilities measured using another measurement attribute. FAS
159 is effective for our fiscal year 2008. The adjustment to reflect the difference between the
fair value and the carrying amount would be accounted for as a cumulative-effect adjustment to
retained earnings as of the date of initial adoption. We do not expect the adoption of this
statement will have a material impact on our results of operations or financial position
Item 7. Financial Statements.
The following financial information is included on the pages indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Page(s) |
Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
38 |
|
|
39 |
|
|
40 |
|
|
41 |
|
|
42 |
|
|
43 |
|
|
58 |
37
Report of Independent Registered Chartered Accountants
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
We have audited the consolidated balance sheet of Gran Tierra Energy Inc. as at December 31, 2006
and 2005 and the consolidated statements of operations and accumulated deficit, cash flows and
shareholders equity for the year ended December 31, 2006, and the period from incorporation on
January 26, 2005 to December 31, 2005. These financial statements are the responsibility of the
Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements
based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the
standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require
that we plan and perform an audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, these consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects,
the financial position of Gran Tierra Energy Inc. as at December 31, 2006 and 2005 and the results
of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2006, and the period from
incorporation on January 26, 2005 to December 31, 2005 in accordance with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America.
The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal
control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over
financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the
circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the
Companys internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Calgary, Canada
|
|
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP |
March 23, 2007
|
|
Independent Registered Chartered Accountants |
Comments by Independent Registered Chartered Accountants on Canada-United States of America
Reporting Differences
The standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) require the addition
of an explanatory paragraph (following the opinion paragraph) when the consolidated financial
statements are affected by conditions and events that cast a substantial doubt on the Companys
ability to continue as a going concern, such as those described in Note 1 to the consolidated
financial statements. Although we conducted our audits in accordance with both Canadian generally
accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
(United States), our report to the Board of Directors dated March 23, 2007 is expressed in
accordance with Canadian reporting standards which do not permit a reference to such conditions and
events in the auditors report when these are adequately disclosed in the financial statements.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Calgary, Canada
|
|
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP |
March 23, 2007
|
|
Independent Registered Chartered Accountants |
38
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Operations and Accumulated Deficit
For the Year ended December 31, 2006 and
For the Period from Incorporation on January 26, 2005 to December 31, 2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period Ended December 31, |
|
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
|
(Expressed in U.S. dollars) |
|
REVENUE AND OTHER INCOME |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil sales |
|
$ |
11,645,553 |
|
|
$ |
946,098 |
|
Natural gas sales |
|
|
75,488 |
|
|
|
113,199 |
|
Interest |
|
|
351,872 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,072,913 |
|
|
|
1,059,297 |
|
|
EXPENSES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating |
|
|
4,233,470 |
|
|
|
395,287 |
|
Depletion, depreciation and accretion |
|
|
4,088,437 |
|
|
|
462,119 |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
6,998,805 |
|
|
|
2,482,070 |
|
Liquidated damages |
|
|
1,527,988 |
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign exchange loss |
|
|
370,538 |
|
|
|
(31,271 |
) |
|
|
|
|
17,219,237 |
|
|
|
3,308,205 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX |
|
|
(5,146,324 |
) |
|
|
(2,248,908 |
) |
Income tax |
|
|
(677,380 |
) |
|
|
29,228 |
|
|
NET LOSS |
|
$ |
(5,823,704 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,219,680 |
) |
|
|
ACCUMULATED DEFICIT, beginning of period |
|
|
(2,219,680 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
ACCUMULATED DEFICIT, end of year |
|
$ |
(8,043,384 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,219,680 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE BASIC & DILUTED |
|
|
(0.08 |
) |
|
|
(0.16 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding basic & diluted |
|
|
72,443,501 |
|
|
|
13,538,149 |
|
(See notes to the consolidated financial statements)
39
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheet
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period Ended December 31, |
|
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
|
(Expressed in U.S. dollars) |
|
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
24,100,780 |
|
|
$ |
2,221,456 |
|
Restricted cash |
|
|
2,291,360 |
|
|
|
400,427 |
|
Accounts receivable |
|
|
5,089,561 |
|
|
|
808,960 |
|
Inventory |
|
|
811,991 |
|
|
|
447,012 |
|
Taxes receivable |
|
|
404,120 |
|
|
|
108,139 |
|
Prepaids |
|
|
676,524 |
|
|
|
42,701 |
|
|
Total Current Assets |
|
|
33,374,336 |
|
|
|
4,028,695 |
|
|
Oil and gas properties, using the full cost method of accounting |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved |
|
|
37,760,231 |
|
|
|
7,886,914 |
|
Unproved |
|
|
18,333,054 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Oil and Gas Properties |
|
|
56,093,285 |
|
|
|
7,886,914 |
|
|
Other assets |
|
|
614,104 |
|
|
|
426,294 |
|
|
Total Property, Plant and Equipment |
|
|
56,707,389 |
|
|
|
8,313,208 |
|
|
Long term assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax asset (Note 8) |
|
|
444,324 |
|
|
|
29,228 |
|
Long term investment |
|
|
379,678 |
|
|
|
|
|
Goodwill |
|
|
15,005,083 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Long Term Assets |
|
|
15,829,085 |
|
|
|
29,228 |
|
|
Total Assets |
|
$ |
105,910,809 |
|
|
$ |
12,371,131 |
|
|
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable |
|
$ |
6,729,839 |
|
|
$ |
1,142,930 |
|
Accrued liabilities (Note 9) |
|
|
9,199,820 |
|
|
|
121,122 |
|
Liquidated damages |
|
|
1,527,988 |
|
|
|
|
|
Current taxes payable |
|
|
1,642,045 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Current Liabilities |
|
|
19,099,692 |
|
|
|
1,264,052 |
|
|
Long term liabilities |
|
|
412,929 |
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax liability (Note 8) |
|
|
7,153,112 |
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred remittance taxes (Note 8) |
|
|
2,722,545 |
|
|
|
|
|
Asset retirement obligation |
|
|
327,752 |
|
|
|
67,732 |
|
|
Total Long Term Liabilities |
|
|
10,616,338 |
|
|
|
67,732 |
|
|
Shareholders equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common shares (Note 6) |
|
|
95,455 |
|
|
|
43,285 |
|
(78,789,104 common shares and 16,666,661 exchangeable shares, par value
$0.001 per share, issued and outstanding) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional paid in capital |
|
|
71,311,155 |
|
|
|
11,807,313 |
|
Warrants |
|
|
12,831,553 |
|
|
|
1,408,429 |
|
Accumulated deficit |
|
|
(8,043,384 |
) |
|
|
(2,219,680 |
) |
|
Total Shareholders Equity |
|
|
76,194,779 |
|
|
|
11,039,347 |
|
|
Total Liabilities and Shareholders Equity |
|
$ |
105,910,809 |
|
|
$ |
12,371,131 |
|
|
(See notes to the consolidated financial statements)
40
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow
For the Year ended December 31, 2006 and
For the Period from Incorporation on January 26, 2005 to December 31, 2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period Ended December 31, |
|
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
|
(Expressed in U.S. dollars) |
Operating Activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss |
|
$ |
(5,823,704 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,219,680 |
) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided
by operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depletion, depreciation and accretion |
|
|
4,088,437 |
|
|
|
462,119 |
|
Deferred tax liability |
|
|
2,535,043 |
|
|
|
(29,228 |
) |
Deferred remittance taxes |
|
|
(1,642,045 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Stock based compensation |
|
|
260,495 |
|
|
|
52,911 |
|
Net changes in non-cash working capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable |
|
|
(4,280,601 |
) |
|
|
(808,960 |
) |
Inventory |
|
|
(364,983 |
) |
|
|
(447,012 |
) |
Prepaids and other current assets |
|
|
(633,823 |
) |
|
|
(42,701 |
) |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
|
|
5,327,542 |
|
|
|
1,264,052 |
|
Taxes receivable |
|
|
(295,981 |
) |
|
|
(108,139 |
) |
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
|
|
(829,618 |
) |
|
|
(1,876,638 |
) |
|
Investing Activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restricted cash |
|
|
(1,020,489 |
) |
|
|
(400,427 |
) |
Oil and gas property expenditures |
|
|
(18,300,518 |
) |
|
|
(8,707,595 |
) |
Argosy business acquisition |
|
|
(38,217,930 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Change in non-cash working capital due to investing activities |
|
|
10,866,053 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities |
|
|
(46,672,884 |
) |
|
|
(9,108,022 |
) |
|
Financing Activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restricted cash |
|
|
(1,280,993 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |
|
|
70,662,820 |
|
|
|
13,206,116 |
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
|
69,381,827 |
|
|
|
13,206,116 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
21,879,325 |
|
|
|
2,221,456 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |
|
|
2,221,456 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year |
|
$ |
24,100,781 |
|
|
$ |
2,221,456 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental cash flow disclosures: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for interest |
|
$ |
211,118 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Cash paid for taxes |
|
$ |
741,380 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
952,498 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
(See notes to the consolidated financial statements)
41
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Shareholders Equity
For the Year ended December 31, 2006 and
For the Period from Incorporation on January 26, 2005 to December 31, 2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period Ended December 31, |
|
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
|
(Expressed in U.S. dollars) |
Share Capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance beginning of period |
|
$ |
43,285 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Issue of common shares |
|
|
52,170 |
|
|
|
43,285 |
|
|
Balance End of Period |
|
$ |
95,455 |
|
|
$ |
43,285 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional paid-in-capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance beginning of period |
|
|
11,807,313 |
|
|
|
|
|
Issue of common shares |
|
|
59,190,352 |
|
|
|
11,754,402 |
|
Redemption of warrants |
|
|
52,991 |
|
|
|
|
|
Stock based compensation expense |
|
|
260,495 |
|
|
|
52,911 |
|
|
Balance End of Period |
|
$ |
71,311,152 |
|
|
$ |
11,807,313 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warrants |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance beginning of period |
|
|
1,408,429 |
|
|
|
|
|
Issue of warrants |
|
|
11,476,118 |
|
|
|
1,408,429 |
|
Redemption of warrants |
|
|
(52,991 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Balance End of Period |
|
$ |
12,831,556 |
|
|
$ |
1,408,429 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated Deficit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance beginning of period |
|
|
(2,219,680 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Net loss |
|
|
(5,823,704 |
) |
|
|
(2,219,680 |
) |
|
Balance End of Period |
|
$ |
(8,043,384 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,219,680 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Shareholders Equity |
|
$ |
76,194,779 |
|
|
$ |
11,039,347 |
|
|
(See notes to the consolidated financial statements)
42
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Expressed in US dollars, unless otherwise stated
1. Description of Business and Going Concern
Gran Tierra Energy Inc., a Nevada corporation (the Company or Gran Tierra) is a publicly
traded oil and gas exploration and production company with operations in Argentina, Colombia and
Peru. On November 10, 2005, Goldstrike, Inc., the previous public reporting entity (Goldstrike),
Gran Tierra Energy Inc., a privately-held Alberta corporation (Gran Tierra Canada), and the
holders of Gran Tierra Canadas capital stock entered into a share purchase agreement, and
Goldstrike and Gran Tierra Goldstrike Inc. (Goldstrike Exchange Co.) entered into an assignment
agreement. In these two transactions, the holders of Gran Tierra Canadas capital stock acquired
shares of either Goldstrike common stock or exchangeable shares of Goldstrike Exchange Co., and
Goldstrike Exchange Co. acquired substantially all of Gran Tierra Canadas capital stock.
Immediately following the transactions, Goldstrike Exchange Co. acquired the remaining shares of
Gran Tierra Canada outstanding after the initial share exchange for shares of common stock of Gran
Tierra Energy Inc. using the same exchange ratio as used in the initial exchange. This two step
process was part of a single transaction whereby Gran Tierra Canada became a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Goldstrike. Additionally, Goldstrike changed its name to Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
with the management and business operations of Gran Tierra Canada, but remains incorporated in the
State of Nevada.
The Companys ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon obtaining the necessary
financing to acquire, explore and develop oil and natural gas interests and generate profitable
operations from its oil and natural gas interests in the future. The Companys financial statements
as at and for the year ended December 31, 2006 have been prepared on a going concern basis, which
contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the
normal course of business. The Company incurred a net loss of $5,823,704, used $829,618 of cash
flow in its operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2006, and had an accumulated
deficit of $8,043,384 as at December 31, 2006. The Company expects to incur substantial
expenditures to further its capital investment programs and the Companys existing cash balance and
cash flow from operating activities may not be sufficient to satisfy its current obligations,
including liquidated damages obligations, and meet its capital investment commitments.
To provide financing for Gran Tierras ongoing operations, the Company secured a $50 million
credit facility with Standard Bank Plc on February 28, 2007, which will provide additional
financing for the Companys future operations. No funds have been withdrawn from the facility, at
this time.
The Companys intention is to build a portfolio of oil and natural gas production,
development, and exploration opportunities using the capital raised during 2006, cash provided by
future operating activities and the available credit facility.
Should the going concern assumption not be appropriate and the Company is not able to realize
its assets and settle its liabilities and commitments in the normal course of operations, these
consolidated financial statements would require adjustments to the amounts and classifications of
assets and liabilities, and these adjustments could be significant.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP). The preparation of financial
statements in accordance with GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at
the date of the consolidated financial statements, and revenues and expenses during the reporting
period. The Company believes that the information and disclosures presented are adequate to ensure
the information presented is not misleading.
43
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Expressed in US dollars, unless otherwise stated
Significant accounting policies are:
Basis of consolidation
These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned
subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The Company
proportionately consolidates its undivided interest in oil and gas exploration and development
joint ventures.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual
results could differ from those estimates. Reserves, impairment, stock option expense, deferred
taxes and any assumptions associated with valuation of oil and gas properties are all subject to
estimation in the Companys financial results.
Foreign currency translation
The functional currency of the Company, including its subsidiaries in Argentina, Colombia and Peru,
is the United States dollar. The balance sheet accounts of the Companys foreign operations are
translated into US dollars using the period-end exchange rate, while income, expenses and cash
flows are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. Gains and losses resulting from
foreign currency transactions, which are transactions denominated in a currency other than the
entitys functional currency, are included in the consolidated statement of operations and deficit.
Fair value of financial instruments
The Companys financial instruments are cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, taxes
receivable, accounts payable, current taxes payable, and accrued liabilities. The fair values of
these financial instruments, other than taxes receivable, approximate their carrying values due to
their immediate or short-term nature. The fair value of taxes receivable is not expected to differ
significantly from its carrying value.
Restricted cash
Restricted cash consists primarily of two deposits:
|
a) |
|
Standard Bank holds a $1,009,009 restricted deposit for the Company. The funds were
held as a guarantee for two letters of credit issued in Peru for work commitments for Gran
Tierras land holdings, blocks 122 and 128. Export Development Canada, issued a guarantee
on Gran Tierras behalf in February 2007, which effectively replaced these guaranteed funds
and these the funds were returned to Gran Tierra as unrestricted cash in February, 2007. |
|
|
b) |
|
Funds are being held in escrow, by Bank of America, pending a request from Gran Tierra
to the Alberta Securities Commission requesting an exemption from prospectus requirements
for the trading of common shares of Gran Tierra for purchasers resident in Alberta under
available accredited investor exemptions in the private placement completed in June 2006.
There is $1,280,951 in funds being held in escrow awaiting satisfaction of this condition. |
Inventory
Inventory consists of crude oil in tanks and is valued at the lower of cost or market value. The
cost of inventory is determined using the weighted average method. Inventory costs include
expenditures incurred to produce, upgrade and transport the product to the storage facilities.
44
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Expressed in US dollars, unless otherwise stated
Taxes receivable & payable
The Company calculates two taxes for its business activities in Argentina. First, a minimum
presumed income is calculated by applying a one percent tax rate to taxable assets as of the end of
the period. If the tax on minimum presumed income exceeds income tax payable during the year, the
excess is considered a prepayment of future income taxes due over the next ten year period.
Secondly, a third party tax substitutable is recorded. The government ensures each company, with
foreign ownership, withholds taxes based on the assumption that profits will be transferred to the
owners. If profits are not transferred, the taxes paid may be used to offset tax liabilities in
the future.
Oil and natural gas properties
The Company uses the full cost method of accounting for its investment in oil and natural gas
properties. Separate cost centers are maintained for each country in which the Company incurs
costs. Under this method, the Company capitalizes all acquisition, exploration and development
costs incurred for the purpose of finding oil and natural gas reserves, including salaries,
benefits and other internal costs directly attributable to these activities. Costs associated with
production and general corporate activities, however, are expensed in the period incurred. Interest
costs related to unproved properties and properties under development are also capitalized to oil
and natural gas properties. Unless a significant portion of the Companys proved reserve quantities
in a particular country are sold (greater than 25 percent), proceeds from the sale of oil and
natural gas properties are accounted for as a reduction to capitalized costs, and gains and losses
are not recognized.
The Company computes depletion of oil and natural gas properties on a quarterly basis using the
unit-of-production method based upon production and estimates of proved reserve quantities.
Unproved properties are excluded from the amortizable base until evaluated. The cost of exploratory
dry wells is transferred to proved properties and thus subject to amortization immediately upon
determination that a well is dry in those countries where proved reserves exist. Future
development costs are added to the amortizable base.
In countries where the Company has not recorded proved reserves, all costs associated with a
prospect are considered quarterly for impairment upon full evaluation of such prospect or play.
This evaluation considers among other factors, seismic data, requirements to relinquish acreage,
drilling results, remaining time in the commitment period, remaining capital plans, and political,
economic, and market conditions. Geological and geophysical (G&G) costs are recorded in proved
properties for development projects and therefore subject to amortization as incurred.
In exploration areas, G&G costs are capitalized in unproved property and evaluated as part of the
total capitalized costs associated with a prospect.
The Company performs a ceiling test calculation each quarter in accordance with SEC Regulation S-X
Rule 4-10. In performing its quarterly ceiling test, the Company limits, on a country-by-country
basis, the capitalized costs of proved oil and natural gas properties, net of accumulated depletion
and deferred income taxes, to the estimated future net cash flows from proved oil and natural gas
reserves discounted at ten percent, net of related tax effects, plus the lower of cost or fair
value of unproved properties included in the costs being amortized. If capitalized costs exceed
this limit, the excess is charged as additional depletion expense. The Company calculates future
net cash flows by applying end-of-the-period prices except in those instances where future natural
gas or oil sales are covered by physical contract terms providing for higher or lower amounts.
Unproved properties are assessed quarterly for possible impairments. If an impairment has occurred,
the impairment is transferred to proved properties. For prospects where a reserve base has not yet
been established, the impairment is charged to earnings.
45
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Expressed in US dollars, unless otherwise stated
Asset retirement obligations
The Company provides for future asset retirement obligations on its oil and natural gas properties
based on estimates established by current legislation. The asset retirement obligation is initially
measured at fair value and capitalized to capital assets as an asset retirement cost. The asset
retirement obligation accretes until the time the asset retirement obligation is expected to settle
while the asset retirement cost is amortized over the useful life of the underlying capital assets.
The amortization of the asset retirement cost and the accretion of the asset retirement obligation
will be included in depletion, depreciation and accretion. Actual asset retirement costs are
recorded against the obligation when incurred. Any difference between the recorded asset retirement
obligations and the actual retirement costs incurred is recorded as a gain or loss in the period of
settlement.
Capital assets
Capital assets, including additions and replacements, are recorded at cost upon acquisition. The
cost of repairs and maintenance is charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is provided using
the declining-balance-basis at the following annual rates:
|
|
|
|
|
Computer equipment |
|
|
30 |
% |
Furniture and Fixtures |
|
|
30 |
% |
Automobiles |
|
|
30 |
% |
Revenue recognition
Revenue from the production of crude oil and natural gas is recognized when title passes to
the customer and when collection of the revenue is probable. For the Companys Colombian
operations, Gran Tierras customers take title when the crude oil is transferred to their pipeline
at the plant gate. In Argentina, Gran Tierra transports product from the field to the customers
refinery by truck. Revenue represents the Companys share and is recorded net of royalty payments
to governments and other mineral interest owners.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price of business combinations over the fair value of
net assets acquired and is tested for impairment at least annually unless business events indicate
an impairment test is required. For example, an impairment test would be conducted if an asset of
significant value was sold or disposed of in the cost center. The impairment test requires
allocating goodwill and all other assets and liabilities to assigned reporting units. The fair
value of each reporting unit is estimated and compared to the net book value of the reporting unit.
If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than the net book value, including
goodwill, then the goodwill is written down to the implied fair value of the goodwill through a
charge to expense. Because quoted market prices are not available for the Companys reporting
units, the fair values of the reporting units are estimated based upon several valuation analyses,
including comparable companies, comparable transactions and premiums paid. The goodwill on the
Companys financial statements was a result of the Argosy acquisition, and relates entirely to the
Colombia reporting segment.
46
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Expressed in US dollars, unless otherwise stated
Income taxes
Deferred income taxes are recognized using the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax
assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences
between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities
and their respective tax base, and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Valuation
allowances are provided if, after considering available evidence, it is more likely than not that
some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Loss per share
Basic loss per share calculations are based on the loss attributable to common shareholders for the
period divided by the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding during the
period. The diluted loss per share calculation is based on the weighted average number of common
shares outstanding during the period, plus the effects of dilutive common share equivalents. This
method requires that the dilutive effect of outstanding options and warrants issued should be
calculated using the treasury stock method. This method assumes that all common share equivalents
have been exercised at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later), and that
the funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common shares of the Company at the average
trading price of common shares during the period. At December 31, 2006, 2,700,000 options and
70,313,830 warrants to purchase 35,156,915 common shares were excluded from the diluted loss per
share calculation as the instruments were anti-dilutive.
Stock-based compensation
The Company follows the fair-value method of accounting for stock options granted to directors,
officers and employees pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement 123 (Revised).
Stock-based compensation expense is included in general and administrative expense with a
corresponding increase to contributed surplus. Compensation expense for options granted is based on
the estimated fair value at the time of grant and the expense is recognized over the expected life
of the option.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108,
Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when quantifying Misstatements in Current Year
Financial Statements (SAB 108). SAB 108 requires companies to evaluate the materiality of
identified unadjusted errors on each financial statement and related financial statement disclosure
using both the rollover approach and the iron curtain approach. The rollover approach quantifies
misstatements based on the effects of correcting the misstatement existing in the balance sheet at
the end of the current year, irrespective of the misstatements year(s) of origin. Financial
statements would require adjustment when either approach results in quantifying a misstatement that
is material. Correcting prior year financial statements for immaterial errors would not require
previously filed reports to be amended. The adoption of SAB 108 did not have a material impact on
the Companys consolidated financial statements.
In February 2006, the FASB issued Statement 155, Accounting for Certain Hybrid Instruments, which
amends Statement 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, and Statement
140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities.
Statement 155 permits fair value re-measurement for any hybrid financial instrument that contains
an embedded derivative that otherwise would require bifurcation from its host contract in
accordance with Statement 133. Statement 155 also clarifies other provisions of Statement 133 and
Statement 140. This statement is effective for all financial instruments acquired or issued in
fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2006. The Company does not expect adoption of this
statement will have a material impact on its results of operations or financial position.
47
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Expressed in US dollars, unless otherwise stated
In July 2006, FASB issued FIN 48 (FASB Interpretation Number) Accounting for Uncertainty in Income
Taxes with respect to FAS 109 Accounting for Income Taxes regarding accounting for and disclosure
of uncertain tax positions. This guidance seeks to reduce the diversity in practice associated with
certain aspects of the recognition and measurement related to accounting for income taxes. This
interpretation is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The Company does
not expect adoption of this statement will have a material impact on its results of operations or
financial position.
In September 2006, FASB issued Statement 157, Fair Value Measurements. Statement 157 defines fair
value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under US generally accepted accounting
principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This statement is effective for
fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company does not expect the adoption of this
statement will have a material impact on its results of operations or financial position.
In December 2006, FASB issued Staff Position (FSP) EITF 00-19-2, Accounting for Registration
Payment Arrangements. FSP EITF 00-19-2 specifies that the contingent obligation to make future
payments or otherwise transfer consideration under a registration payment arrangement, whether
issued as a separate agreement or included as a provision of a financial instrument or other
agreement, should be separately recognized and measured in accordance with FASB Statement No. 5,
Accounting for Contingencies. This FSP is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2006. The Company early adopted this FSP during the year ended December 31, 2006 and recorded
$1,258,000 in liquidated damages as an expense in the consolidated statement of operations and
deficit and the same amount in accrued liabilities at December 31, 2006.
In February 2007, the FASB issued FAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and
Financial Liabilities (FAS 159). FAS 159 permits an entity to elect fair value as the initial and
subsequent measurement attribute for many financial assets and liabilities. Entities electing the
fair value option would be required to recognize changes in fair value in earnings. Entities
electing the fair value option are required to distinguish on the face of the statement of
financial position, the fair value of assets and liabilities for which the fair value option has
been elected and similar assets and liabilities measured using another measurement attribute. FAS
159 is effective for the Companys fiscal year 2008. The adjustment to reflect the difference
between the fair value and the carrying amount would be accounted for as a cumulative-effect
adjustment to retained earnings as of the date of initial adoption. The Company does not expect the
adoption of this statement will have a material impact on its results of operations or financial
position
3. Business Combination
Gran Tierra entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement dated May 25, 2006 with Crosby Capital LLC
(Crosby) to acquire all of the limited partnership interests of Argosy Energy International
(Argosy) and all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Argosy Energy Corp. On June 20,
2006 Gran Tierra closed the Argosy acquisition and paid consideration to Crosby consisting of $37.5
million cash, 870,647 shares of the Companys common stock and overriding and net profit interests
in certain of Argosys assets valued at $1 million. The value of the overriding and net profit
interests was based on the present value of expected future cash flows. All of Argosy Energy
Internationals assets are in Colombia.
48
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Expressed in US dollars, unless otherwise stated
The acquisition has been accounted for using the purchase method, and the results of Argosy Energy
International have been consolidated with Gran Tierra Energy from June 20, 2006. The following
table shows the allocation of the purchase price based on the fair values of the assets and
liabilities acquired:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
|
Cash Paid |
|
$ |
36,414,385 |
|
Common Shares Issued |
|
|
1,305,971 |
|
Transaction Costs |
|
|
497,574 |
|
|
Total Purchase Price |
|
|
38,217,930 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase Price allocated: |
|
|
|
|
Oil and Gas Assets |
|
|
32,553,211 |
|
Goodwill (1) |
|
|
15,005,083 |
|
Accounts Receivable |
|
|
5,361,887 |
|
Inventories (2) |
|
|
567,355 |
|
Long Term Investments |
|
|
6,772 |
|
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (3) |
|
|
(6,085,109 |
) |
Long Term Liabilities |
|
|
(49,763 |
) |
Deferred Tax Liabilities |
|
|
(9,141,506 |
) |
|
Total Purchase Price allocated |
|
$ |
38,217,930 |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. |
|
(2) |
|
Inventory is comprised of $497,000 operational equipment and $70,000 of oil inventory. |
|
(3) |
|
Colombia does not attract a reclamation liability because the producing lands are returned to
the government at the end of the
production contract and any remaining production and reclamation are not the responsibility of
the Company. |
The pro forma results for the period ended December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2006 are shown
below, as if the acquisition had occurred on January 26, 2005 and January 1, 2006. Pro forma
results are not indicative of actual results or future performance.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Revenue |
|
$ |
18,775,357 |
|
|
$ |
12,950,000 |
|
Net Income (loss) |
|
|
294,105 |
|
|
|
1,569,000 |
|
Earnings per share (Basic) |
|
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
0.04 |
|
Earnings per share (Diluted) |
|
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
0.03 |
|
49
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Expressed in US dollars, unless otherwise stated
4. Segment and Geographic Reporting
The Companys reportable segments are Argentina and Colombia. The Company is primarily engaged in
the exploration and production of oil and natural gas. Peru is not a reportable segment because
the level of activity on these land holdings is insignificant at this time.
The Colombia assets were acquired on June 20, 2006, and the Argentina assets were acquired on
September 1, 2005. Therefore the comparable segmented information for 2005 includes only four
months of operations for Argentina, and there is no comparable 2005 information for Colombia.
The following tables present information on the Companys reportable geographic segments:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2006 |
|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2005 |
|
|
Corporate |
|
Colombia |
|
Argentina |
|
Total |
|
|
Corporate |
|
Argentina |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
|
$ |
351,872 |
|
|
$ |
6,612,190 |
|
|
$ |
5,108,851 |
|
|
$ |
12,072,913 |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
1,059,297 |
|
|
$ |
1,059,297 |
|
Depreciation, Depletion & Accretion |
|
|
43,576 |
|
|
|
2,494,317 |
|
|
|
1,550,544 |
|
|
|
4,088,437 |
|
|
|
|
9,097 |
|
|
|
453,022 |
|
|
|
462,119 |
|
Segment Income (Loss) before
income tax |
|
|
(6,006,622 |
) |
|
|
1,394,419 |
|
|
|
(534,121 |
) |
|
|
(5,146,324 |
) |
|
|
|
(2,136,463 |
) |
|
|
(112,445 |
) |
|
|
(2,248,908 |
) |
Segment Capital Expenditures |
|
|
256,482 |
|
|
|
34,053,289 |
|
|
|
14,084,410 |
|
|
|
48,394,181 |
|
|
|
|
131,200 |
|
|
|
8,182,008 |
|
|
|
8,313,208 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2006 |
|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2005 |
|
|
Corporate |
|
Colombia |
|
Argentina |
|
Total |
|
|
Corporate |
|
Argentina |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
Property, Plant & Equipment |
|
$ |
387,682 |
|
|
$ |
34,053,289 |
|
|
$ |
22,266,418 |
|
|
$ |
56,707,389 |
|
|
|
$ |
131,200 |
|
|
$ |
8,182,008 |
|
|
$ |
8,313,208 |
|
Goodwill |
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,005,083 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,005,083 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
387,682 |
|
|
|
49,058,372 |
|
|
|
22,266,418 |
|
|
|
71,712,472 |
|
|
|
|
131,200 |
|
|
|
8,182,008 |
|
|
|
8,313,208 |
|
|
|
|
|
The following is a reconciliation of income (loss) before income taxes for reportable segments
to consolidated loss before income taxes:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
Dec 31, 2005 |
|
Income (loss) before taxes, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Colombia |
|
$ |
1,364,419 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Argentina |
|
|
(534,121 |
) |
|
|
(112,445 |
) |
Corporate |
|
|
(5,976,622 |
) |
|
|
(2,136,463 |
) |
|
Consolidated Loss Before Taxes |
|
|
(5,146,324 |
) |
|
|
(2,248,908 |
) |
|
The following is a reconciliation of reportable net property, plant and equipment to
consolidated net property, plant and equipment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
Dec 31, 2005 |
|
Total Capital by Segment, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Colombia, PP&E |
|
$ |
34,053,289 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Argentina, PP&E |
|
|
22,266,418 |
|
|
|
8,182,008 |
|
Corporate |
|
|
387,682 |
|
|
|
131,200 |
|
|
Consolidated PP&E |
|
|
56,707,389 |
|
|
|
8,313,208 |
|
|
50
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Expressed in US dollars, unless otherwise stated
5. Capital Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated |
|
Net Book |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated |
|
Net Book |
|
|
Cost |
|
DD&A |
|
Value |
|
|
Cost |
|
DD&A |
|
Value |
|
|
|
|
Oil and natural gas properties |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proven |
|
$ |
41,191,275 |
|
|
$ |
(3,431,044 |
) |
|
$ |
37,760,231 |
|
|
|
$ |
8,331,767 |
|
|
$ |
(444,853 |
) |
|
$ |
7,886,914 |
|
Unproven |
|
|
18,333,054 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,333,054 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Materials and supplies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
300,177 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
300,177 |
|
Furniture and Fixtures |
|
|
289,353 |
|
|
|
(47,637 |
) |
|
|
241,716 |
|
|
|
|
20,167 |
|
|
|
(4,805 |
) |
|
|
15,362 |
|
Computer equipment |
|
|
912,645 |
|
|
|
(592,646 |
) |
|
|
319,999 |
|
|
|
|
73,682 |
|
|
|
(2,649 |
) |
|
|
71,033 |
|
Automobiles |
|
|
69,499 |
|
|
|
(17,110 |
) |
|
|
52,389 |
|
|
|
|
49,534 |
|
|
|
(9,812 |
) |
|
|
39,722 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total Capital Assets |
|
|
60,795,826 |
|
|
|
(4,088,437 |
) |
|
|
56,707,389 |
|
|
|
|
8,775,327 |
|
|
|
(462,119 |
) |
|
|
8,313,208 |
|
|
|
|
|
The unproven oil and natural gas properties consist of lands held in both Colombia and
Argentina. The Company has $14.4 million in unproved assets in Colombia and $3.9 million of
unproved assets in Argentina. These properties are being held for their exploration value. The
Company has capitalized $138,383 of general and administrative in the Colombian asset value and
$3,921 of capitalized general and administrative expenses in the Argentina asset value.
6. Share Capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
|
Shares |
|
|
USD |
|
|
Balance, January 1, 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
Original Goldstrike shares |
|
|
9,000,006 |
|
|
|
9,000 |
|
Issued in connection with Goldstrike acquisition |
|
|
1,269,841 |
|
|
|
1,270 |
|
Exchangeable shares issued in connection with Goldstrike acquisition |
|
|
18,730,159 |
|
|
|
18,730 |
|
Private placement September and October 2005 |
|
|
12,941,884 |
|
|
|
12,942 |
|
Private placement December 2005 |
|
|
1,343,222 |
|
|
|
1,343 |
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2005 |
|
|
43,285,112 |
|
|
|
43,285 |
|
|
Private placement February 2006 |
|
|
762,500 |
|
|
|
763 |
|
Private placement June 2006 |
|
|
50,000,000 |
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
Issued on exercise of warrants |
|
|
287,506 |
|
|
|
288 |
|
Exchangeable shares retracted |
|
|
(2,063,498 |
) |
|
|
(2,063 |
) |
Issued on retraction of exchangeable shares |
|
|
2,063,498 |
|
|
|
2,063 |
|
Issued on Argosy acquisition |
|
|
870,647 |
|
|
|
870 |
|
Issued as private placement fees |
|
|
250,000 |
|
|
|
250 |
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2006 |
|
|
95,455,765 |
|
|
|
95,455 |
|
|
Share capital
Share capital consists of 79,789,104 common voting shares of the Company and 16,666,661
exchangeable shares of Goldstrike Exchange Co. (collectively, common stock). Each exchangeable
share is exchangeable only into one common voting share of the Company. The holders of common stock
are
51
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Expressed in US dollars, unless otherwise stated
entitled to one vote for each share on all matters submitted to a stockholder vote and are entitled
to share in all dividends that the board of directors, in its discretion, declares from legally
available funds. The holders of common stock have no pre-emptive rights, no conversion rights, and
there are no redemption provisions applicable to the common stock.
Warrants
At December 31, 2006, the Company had 14,472,622 warrants outstanding to purchase 7,236,311 common
shares for $1.25 per share and 55,841,208 warrants outstanding to purchase 27,920,604 common shares
for $1.75 per share.
Registration Rights Payments
The shares and warrants have registration rights associated with their issuance pursuant to which
the Company agreed to register for resale the shares and warrants. In the event that the
registration statements are not declared effective by the SEC by specified dates, the Company is
required to pay liquidated damages to the purchasers of the shares and warrants.
The 15,047,606 units issued in the fourth quarter of 2005 and first quarter of 2006 have liquidated
damages payable in the amount of 1% of the purchase price for each unit per month payable each
month the registration statement is not declared effective beyond the mandatory effective date
(July 10th, 2006). The total amount recorded at December 31, 2006 for these liquidated
damages was $269,923. There are no further liabilities associated with these shares. As of
February 14, 2007 the first registration statement was declared effective by the SEC.
The 50,000,000 units issued on June 20, 2006 have liquidated damages payable each month the
registration statement is not declared effective beyond November 17, 2006, calculated as follows:
- 1% of the purchase price for the 1 st month after the mandatory
effective date
- 1.5% of the purchase price for the 2nd and 3rd
month after the mandatory effective date
- 2% of the purchase price for the 4th and 5th months
after the mandatory effective date and
- 1/2% increase each quarter thereafter
The investors have the right to take the liquidated damages either in cash or in shares of the
Companys common stock, at their election. If the Company fails to pay the cash payment to an
investor entitled thereto by the due date, the Company will pay interest thereon at a rate of 12%
per annum (or such lesser maximum amount that is permitted to be paid by applicable law) to such
investor, accruing daily from the
date such liquidated damages are due until such amounts, plus all such interest thereon, are paid
in full. The total amount of liquidated damages shall not exceed 25% of the purchase price for the
units or $18,750,000.
The Company filed the second registration statement but the registration statement has not yet
become effective and, as a result, the Company had incurred the obligation to pay approximately
$1,258,000 in liquidated damages as at December 31, 2006, which amount has been recorded as
liquidated damages expense in the consolidated statement of operations.
52
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Expressed in US dollars, unless otherwise stated
Stock options
The only equity compensation plan approved by the Companys stockholders is its 2005 Equity
Incentive Plan, under which the Companys board of directors is authorized to issue options or
other rights to acquire up to 2,000,000 shares of the Companys common stock. On November 8,
2006, the Companys board of directors granted options to acquire 1,180,000 shares of common stock
at an exercise price of $1.27 per share, which options cannot be exercised, and will be rescinded,
if the Companys stockholders do not approve an increase in the number of shares authorized under
the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan sufficient to permit the issuance of the shares issuable upon
exercise of these additional stock options.
The Company has granted options to purchase common shares to certain directors, officers, employees
and consultants. Each option permits the holder to purchase one common share at the stated exercise
price. The options vest over three years and have a term of ten years, or end of service to the
Company, which ever occurs first. At the time of grant, the exercise price equals the market price.
The following options have been granted:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of |
|
Weighted Average |
|
|
Outstanding |
|
Exercise Price |
|
|
Options |
|
$/Option |
|
Outstanding, beginning of period |
|
|
1,940,000 |
|
|
$ |
1.14 |
|
Granted, Nov 8, 2006 |
|
|
1,180,000 |
|
|
$ |
1.27 |
|
Cancelled |
|
|
(420,000 |
) |
|
($ |
1.84 |
) |
|
Outstanding, end of period |
|
|
2,700,000 |
|
|
$ |
1.09 |
|
|
The table below summarizes unexercised stock options at December 31, 2006:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of |
|
Weighted |
|
|
Outstanding |
|
Average |
Exercise Price ($/option) |
|
Options |
|
Expiry Years |
$0.80 |
|
|
1,420,000 |
|
|
|
9.0 |
|
$1.27 |
|
|
1,180,000 |
|
|
|
10.0 |
|
$2.62 |
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
|
9.0 |
|
Total |
|
|
2,700,000 |
|
|
|
9.4 |
|
Two stock option grants have been made subsequent to December 31, 2006. On January 2, 2007,
225,000 stock options were granted to a new officer of the Company as part of his initial
compensation package. On February 22, 2007, 415,000 stock options were granted to a group of key
employees in Argentina and Colombia, as part of their 2007 compensation package. In total, the
Company has 2,700,000 stock options granted and outstanding. No stock options have been exercised
at this time.
Total stock-based compensation expense included in general and administrative expense in the
consolidated statement of operations was $260,495. The Black-Scholes option pricing model was used
to determine the fair value of the option grants with the following assumptions:
|
|
|
|
|
Dividend yield ($ per share) |
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
Volatility (%) |
|
|
68 |
% |
Risk-free interest rate (%) |
|
|
2.33 |
% |
Expected life (years) |
|
|
3 |
|
Forfeiture percentage (% per year) |
|
|
10 |
% |
The weighted average fair value per option is $0.43.
53
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Expressed in US dollars, unless otherwise stated
7. Asset Retirement Obligations
Changes in the carrying amounts of the asset retirement obligations associated with the Companys
oil and natural gas properties are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
Balance, beginning of period |
|
|
67,732 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Obligations assumed with property acquisitions |
|
|
209,314 |
|
|
|
66,931 |
|
Expenditures made on asset retirements |
|
|
5,061 |
|
|
|
|
|
Accretion |
|
|
75,645 |
|
|
|
801 |
|
|
Balance, end of period |
|
|
357,752 |
|
|
|
67,732 |
|
|
8. Income Taxes
The Company has accumulated losses of approximately $8,043,384 that can be carried forward and
applied against future taxable income. A valuation allowance has been taken for the potential
income tax benefit associated with the losses incurred by the Company, due to uncertainty of
utilization of the tax losses.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Argentina |
|
Colombia |
|
Total |
|
Opening Balance, January 1, 2006 |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Argentina Deferred Remittance Tax (1) |
|
|
198,545 |
|
|
|
2,524,000 |
|
|
|
2,722,545 |
|
Colombia Deferred Tax Liability (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,153,112 |
|
|
|
7,153,112 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Closing Balance, December 31, 2006 |
|
|
198,545 |
|
|
|
9,677,112 |
|
|
|
9,875,657 |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Deferred Remittance Tax: Presumptive income and equity taxes are based on equity levels in
Colombia and Argentina and can be recovered against income taxes in future periods, and can be
carried forward for five years. |
|
|
|
As of January 1, 2007, the remittance tax requirement was eliminated in Colombia. A review is
underway to determine whether the Company can remove the liability from its financial records.
A decision will be reached by the end of the first quarter, 2007. |
|
|
|
Based on tax reforms made effective January 1, 2007, tax losses may be carried forward without
limitation to offset taxable income; the presumptive income rate was reduced from six percent to
three percent on the prior tax years net tax equity; the seven percent remittance tax was
eliminated; a 1.2 percent equity tax was introduced, the income tax rate was reduced from 38 .5
percent to 34 percent in 2007, and to 33 percent for subsequent years; and, the special
deduction for the acquisition or construction of real fixed assets was increased to 40 percent
from 30 percent. |
|
(2) |
|
Deferred tax liability is the unamortized portion of the Argosy purchase price allocation. |
54
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Expressed in US dollars, unless otherwise stated
The income tax expense (recovery) reported differs from the amount computed by applying the
statutory rate to loss before income taxes for the following reasons:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
Loss before income taxes |
|
$ |
(5,146,324 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,248,908 |
) |
Statutory income tax rate |
|
|
34 |
% |
|
|
34 |
% |
Income tax benefit expected |
|
|
(1,749,750 |
) |
|
|
(764,628 |
) |
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
260,495 |
|
|
|
17,990 |
|
Tax losses in other jurisdictions, not recognized |
|
|
811,875 |
|
|
|
717,410 |
|
|
Income tax expense |
|
|
(677,380 |
) |
|
|
(29,228 |
) |
|
The deferred income tax liability of $7,153,112 on the balance sheet is related entirely to
Colombia assets, for the following items:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
2006 |
|
Property, Plant and Equipment * |
|
$ |
22,145,657 |
|
Colombia Tax Rate |
|
|
35 |
% |
Total Deferred Tax |
|
|
7,750,980 |
|
Less Amortization |
|
|
(597,868 |
) |
|
Net Deferred Tax |
|
$ |
7,153,112 |
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Change in NBV due to acquisition of Argosy assets. |
9. Accrued Liabilities and Accounts Payable
The changes in accrued liabilities and accounts payable are comprised of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2006 |
|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2005 |
|
|
Corporate |
|
Colombia |
|
Argentina |
|
Total |
|
|
Corporate |
|
Argentina |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
Capital Expenditures |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
5,344,339 |
|
|
$ |
5,521,714 |
|
|
$ |
10,866,053 |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
893,372 |
|
|
$ |
893,372 |
|
Payroll related expenses |
|
|
664,957 |
|
|
|
333,679 |
|
|
|
313,589 |
|
|
|
1,312,225 |
|
|
|
|
220,680 |
|
|
|
150,000 |
|
|
|
370,680 |
|
Audit, legal, consultants |
|
|
715,332 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
290,915 |
|
|
|
1,006,247 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Due Joint Venture Partners |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,745,134 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,745,134 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liquidated Damages |
|
|
1,527,988 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,527,988 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
2,908,277 |
|
|
|
8,423,152 |
|
|
|
6,126,218 |
|
|
|
17,457,647 |
|
|
|
|
220,680 |
|
|
|
1,043,372 |
|
|
|
1,264,052 |
|
|
|
|
|
55
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Expressed in US dollars, unless otherwise stated
10. Commitments and contingencies
Leases
Gran Tierra holds three categories of operating leases: office, vehicle and housing. The Company
pays $11,846 office lease costs per month, $4,692 vehicle lease costs per month and $1,739 to lease
a house as an employee benefit in Colombia each month.
Future lease payments at December 31, 2006 are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Year |
|
Cost |
|
|
2007 |
|
$ |
176,675 |
|
2008 |
|
|
118,550 |
|
2009 |
|
|
87,739 |
|
2010 |
|
|
81,888 |
|
2011 |
|
|
81,888 |
|
|
Total Lease Payments |
|
|
546,740 |
|
|
The company entered into four capital leases in 2006 for office equipment in Calgary, Canada. The
leases expire between 2008 and 2011. As of December 31, 2006 capital assets were valued at $34,405
(net of amortization of $8,620). Total monthly payments for 2007 are approximately $1,140.
Future lease payments under the office equipment leases at December 31, 2006 are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Year |
|
Payments |
|
|
2007 |
|
$ |
13,680 |
|
2008 |
|
|
8,958 |
|
2009 |
|
|
4,366 |
|
2010 |
|
|
3,874 |
|
2011 |
|
|
646 |
|
|
Total minimum lease payments |
|
|
31,524 |
|
|
Interest expense incurred under these capital leases to December 31, 2006 was $2,346.
Guarantees
Corporate indemnities have been provided by the Company to directors and officers for various items
including, but not limited to, all costs to settle suits or actions due to their association with
the Company and its subsidiaries and/or affiliates, subject to certain restrictions. The Company
has purchased directors and officers liability insurance to mitigate the cost of any potential
future suits or actions. Each indemnity, subject to certain exceptions, applies for so long as the
indemnified person is a director or officer of one of the Companys subsidiaries and/or affiliates.
The maximum amount of any potential future payment cannot be reasonably estimated.
56
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Expressed in US dollars, unless otherwise stated
The Company may provide indemnifications in the normal course of business that are often standard
contractual terms to counterparties in certain transactions such as purchase and sale agreements.
The terms of these indemnifications will vary based upon the contract, the nature of which prevents
the Company from making a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential amounts that may be required
to be paid. Management believes the resolution of these matters would not have a material adverse
impact on the Companys liquidity, consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Contingencies
As of December 31, 2006 the contracting parties of Guayuyaco Association Contract, Ecopetrol and
Argosy Energy International, are working to clarify the procedure for allocation of oil produced
and sold during the long term test of the Guayuyaco-1 and Guayuyaco-2 wells. Ecopetrol has advised
Argosy of a material difference in the interpretation of the Guayuyaco Association Contract.
Ecopetrol interprets the contract to provide that the extend test production up to 30% of the
direct exploration costs of the wells is for Ecopetrols account only and serves as reimbursement
of its 30% back in to the Guayuyaco discovery. Argosys contention is that this amount is the
recovery an amount equal to 30% of the direct exploration costs of the wells and not exclusively
for benefit of Ecopetrol. While Argosy believes its interpretation of the Guayuyaco Association
Contract is correct, the resolution of this issue is outstanding pending agreement among the
parties or determination through legal proceedings. The estimated value of disputed extended test
production is $2,361,188 which possible loss is shared 50% ($1,180,594) with the Companys joint
venture partner in the contract. No amount has been accrued in the financial statements related to
this disagreement because the Company believes the probability of incurring this liability is low,
at this time.
11. Financial Instruments and Credit Risk
The Companys financial instruments recognized in the balance sheet consist of cash, accounts
receivable, taxes receivable, accounts payable, current taxes payable, and accrued liabilities. The
estimated fair values of the financial instruments have been determined based on the Companys
assessment of available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies; however, these
estimates may not necessarily be indicative of the amounts that could be realized or settled in a
market transaction. The fair values of financial instruments approximate their book amounts due to
the short-term maturity of these instruments. Most of the Companys accounts receivable relate to
oil and natural gas sales and are exposed to typical industry credit risks. The Company manages
this credit risk by entering into sales contracts with only credit worthy entities and reviewing
its exposure to individual entities on a regular basis. The book value of the accounts receivable
reflects managements assessment of the associated credit risks.
12. Subsequent Events
On February 28, 2007, the Company entered into a Credit Facility with Standard Bank Plc. The
Facility has a three-year term which may be extended by agreement between the parties. The
borrowing base is the present value of the Companys petroleum reserves up to maximum of $50
million. The initial borrowing base is $7 million and the borrowing base will be re-determined
semi-annually based on reserve evaluation reports. The Facility includes a letter of credit
sub-limit of up to $5 million. Amounts drawn down under the Facility bear interest at the
Eurodollar rate plus 4%. A stand-by fee of 1% per annum is charged on the un-drawn amount of the
borrowing base. The Facility is secured primarily on the Companys Colombian assets. The Company is
required to enter into a hedging agreement for the purpose of obtaining protection against
fluctuations in the price of oil in respect of at least 50% of its projected aggregate net share of
Colombian production after royalties for the three-year term of the Facility. Under the terms of
the Facility, the Company is required to maintain compliance with specified financial and operating
covenants. In accordance with the terms of the Facility, the Company entered into a costless collar
hedging contract for crude oil based on West Texas Intermediate (WTI) price, with a floor of
$48.00 and a ceiling of $80.00, for a three-year period, for 400 barrels per day from March 2007
to December 2007, 300 barrels per day from January 2008 to December 2008, and 200 barrels per day
from January 2009 to February 2010.
57
Supplementary Data (Unaudited)
Oil and Gas Producing Activities
The following oil and gas information is provided in accordance with the FASB Statement No. 69
Disclosures about Oil and Gas Producing Activities.
A. Reserve Quantity Information
Our net proved reserves and changes in those reserves for operations are disclosed below. The
net proved reserves represent managements best estimate of proved oil and natural gas reserves
after royalties. Reserve estimates for each property are prepared internally each year and 100% of
the reserves have been assessed by independent qualified reserves consultants.
Estimates of crude oil and natural gas proved reserves are determined through analysis of
geological and engineering data, and demonstrate reasonable certainty that they are recoverable
from known reservoirs under economic and operating conditions that existed at year end. See
Critical Accounting Estimates in Item 6 for a description of Gran Tierras reserves estimation
process.
PROVED RESERVES NET OF ROYALTIES (2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crude oil is in Bbl and |
|
Argentina |
|
Colombia |
|
Total |
natural gas is in million cubic feet |
|
Oil |
|
Gas |
|
Oil |
|
Gas |
|
Oil |
|
Gas |
|
Extensions and Discoveries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of Reserves in Place |
|
|
618,703 |
|
|
|
85 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
618,703 |
|
|
|
85 |
|
Production |
|
|
(36,011 |
) |
|
|
(60 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(36,011 |
) |
|
|
(60 |
) |
Revisions of Previous Estimates |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves,
December 31, 2005 |
|
|
582,692 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
582,692 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
Extensions and Discoveries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of Reserves in Place |
|
|
1,302,720 |
|
|
|
732 |
|
|
|
1,229,269 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,531,989 |
|
|
|
732 |
|
Production |
|
|
(127,712 |
) |
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
(134,269 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(261,981 |
) |
|
|
(30 |
) |
Revisions of Previous Estimates (3) |
|
|
137,300 |
|
|
|
739 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
137,300 |
|
|
|
739 |
|
|
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves,
December 31, 2006 |
|
|
1,895,000 |
|
|
|
1,465 |
|
|
|
1,095,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,990,000 |
|
|
|
1,465 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved developed reserves, December 31, 2005 (1) |
|
|
463,892 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
463,892 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved developed reserves, December 31, 2006 (1) |
|
|
1,413,000 |
|
|
|
1,465 |
|
|
|
1,034,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,448,720 |
|
|
|
1,465 |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Proved developed oil and gas reserves are expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing
equipment and operating methods. |
|
(2) |
|
Proved oil and gas reserves are the estimated quantities of natural gas, crude oil, condensate and natural gas liquids
that geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty can be recovered in future years
from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. Reserves are considered proved if
they can be produced economically, as demonstrated by either actual production or conclusive formation testing. |
|
(3) |
|
Gas reserves at Nacatimbay were increased significantly as a result of the installation of new facilities in 2006.
Oil reserves at Palmar Largo increased primarily due to the successful completion of the Ramon Lista-1 well which
began producing
during the first quarter of 2006. |
58
B. Capitalized Costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved |
|
Unproved |
|
Accumulated |
|
Capitalized |
|
|
Properties |
|
Properties |
|
DD&A |
|
Costs |
|
Capitalized Costs, December 31, 2005 |
|
$ |
8,319,179 |
|
|
$ |
12,588 |
|
|
$ |
(444,853 |
) |
|
$ |
7,886,914 |
|
Argentina |
|
|
9,473,680 |
|
|
|
3,921,255 |
|
|
|
(1,281,946 |
) |
|
|
12,112,989 |
|
Colombia |
|
|
24,121,832 |
|
|
|
14,399,211 |
|
|
|
(2,427,661 |
) |
|
|
36,093,382 |
|
Peru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capitalized Costs, December 31, 2006 |
|
$ |
41,914,691 |
|
|
$ |
18,333,054 |
|
|
$ |
(4,154,460 |
) |
|
$ |
56,093,285 |
|
|
C. Costs Incurred Period Ended December 31, 2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and Gas |
|
|
Argentina |
|
Colombia |
|
Total |
|
Total Costs Incurred
before DD&A |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property Acquisition Costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> Proved |
|
$ |
7,087,858 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
7,087,858 |
|
> Unproved |
|
|
12,588 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,588 |
|
Exploration Costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Development Costs |
|
|
1,231,231 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,231,231 |
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2005 |
|
$ |
8,331,677 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
8,331,677 |
|
|
Property Acquisition Costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> Proved |
|
$ |
8,440,090 |
|
|
$ |
18,344,514 |
|
|
$ |
26,784,604 |
|
> Unproved |
|
|
3,921,255 |
|
|
|
14,399,211 |
|
|
|
18,320,466 |
|
Exploration Costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,777,318 |
|
|
|
5,777,318 |
|
Development Costs |
|
|
1,033,680 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,033,680 |
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2006 |
|
$ |
21,726,702 |
|
|
$ |
38,521,043 |
|
|
$ |
60,247,745 |
|
|
The Company has $138,383 of capitalized general and administrative expenses in the Colombian
asset value and $3,921 of capitalized general and administrative costs in the Argentina asset
value. No interest costs were capitalized.
D. Results of Operations for Producing Activities Period Ended December 31, 2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and Gas |
|
|
|
|
Argentina |
|
Colombia |
|
Total |
|
Year ended December 31, 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Sales |
|
$ |
1,059,297 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
1,059,297 |
|
Production Costs |
|
|
(395,287 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(395,287 |
) |
Exploration Expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DD&A |
|
|
(444,853 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(444,853 |
) |
Other expenses/(income) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income Taxes |
|
|
(76,705 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(76,705 |
) |
|
Results of Operations |
|
$ |
142,452 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
142,452 |
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Sales |
|
$ |
5,108,851 |
|
|
$ |
6,612,190 |
|
|
$ |
11,721,041 |
|
Production Costs |
|
|
(2,846,705 |
) |
|
|
(1,386,765 |
) |
|
|
(4,233,470 |
) |
Exploration Expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DD&A |
|
|
(1,550,543 |
) |
|
|
(2,494,317 |
) |
|
|
(4,044,860 |
) |
Other expenses/(income) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income Tax Provision |
|
|
132,357 |
|
|
|
(809,737 |
) |
|
|
(677,380 |
) |
|
Results of Operations |
|
$ |
843,960 |
|
|
$ |
1,921,371 |
|
|
$ |
2,765,331 |
|
|
59
E. Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows and Changes
The following disclosure is based on estimates of net proved reserves and the period during
which they are expected to be produced. Future cash inflows are computed by applying year end
prices to Gran Tierras after royalty share of estimated annual future production from proved
oil and gas reserves. The calculated weighted average oil prices at December 31, 2006 were
$48.66 for Colombia and $36.78 for Argentina. The weighted average oil price used for Argentina
at December 31, 2005 was $20.42. Future development and production costs to be incurred in
producing and further developing the proved reserves are based on year end cost indicators.
Future income taxes are computed by applying year end statutory tax rates. These rates reflect
allowable deductions and tax credits, and are applied to the estimated pre-tax future net cash
flows.
Discounted future net cash flows are calculated using 10% mid-period discount factors. The
calculations assume the continuation of existing economic, operating and contractual conditions.
However, such arbitrary assumptions have not proved to be the case in the past. Other
assumptions could give rise to substantially different results.
The Company believes this information does not in any way reflect the current economic
value of its oil and gas producing properties or the present value of their estimated future
cash flows as:
|
|
no economic value is attributed to probable and possible reserves; |
|
|
|
use of a 10% discount rate is arbitrary; and |
|
|
|
prices change constantly from year end levels |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Argentina |
|
Colombia |
|
Total |
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future Cash Inflows |
|
$ |
25,445,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
25,445,000 |
|
Future Production Costs |
|
|
(11,965,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(11,965,000 |
) |
Future Development Costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future Site Restoration Costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future Income Tax |
|
|
(1,575,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,575,000 |
) |
|
Future Net Cash Flows |
|
|
11,905,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,905,000 |
|
10% Discount Factor |
|
|
(2,725,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,725,000 |
) |
|
Standardized Measure |
|
$ |
9,180,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
9,180,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future Cash Inflows |
|
$ |
72,151,000 |
|
|
$ |
53,332,000 |
|
|
$ |
125,483,000 |
|
Future Production Costs |
|
|
(24,385,000 |
) |
|
|
(14,958,000 |
) |
|
|
(39,343,000 |
) |
Future Development Costs |
|
|
(9,102,000 |
) |
|
|
(2,307,000 |
) |
|
|
(11,409,000 |
) |
Future Site Restoration Costs |
|
|
(872,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(872,000 |
) |
Future Income Tax |
|
|
(12,849,280 |
) |
|
|
(12,262,780 |
) |
|
|
(25,112,060 |
) |
|
Future Net Cash Flows |
|
|
24,942,720 |
|
|
|
23,804,220 |
|
|
|
48,746,940 |
|
10% Discount Factor |
|
|
(7,685,627 |
) |
|
|
(6,193,490 |
) |
|
|
(13,879,117 |
) |
|
Standardized Measure |
|
$ |
17,257,093 |
|
|
$ |
17,610,730 |
|
|
$ |
34,867,823 |
|
|
60
Changes in the Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows
The following are the principal sources of change in the standardized measure of discounted
future net cash flows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Beginning of Year |
|
$ |
9,180,000 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
Sales and Transfers of Oil and Gas Produced, Net of Production Costs |
|
|
(7,487,571 |
) |
|
|
(664,010 |
) |
Net Changes in Prices and Production Costs Related to Future Production |
|
|
1,943,293 |
|
|
|
|
|
Extensions, Discoveries and Improved Recovery, Less Related Costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Development Costs Incurred during the Period |
|
|
1,033,680 |
|
|
|
|
|
Revisions of Previous Quantity Estimates |
|
|
1,522,696 |
|
|
|
|
|
Accretion of Discount |
|
|
1,190,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of Reserves in Place |
|
|
29,514,395 |
|
|
|
9,844,010 |
|
Sales of Reserves in Place |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net change in Income Taxes |
|
|
(2,029,170 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
End of Year |
|
$ |
34,867,823 |
|
|
$ |
9,180,000 |
|
|
Item 8. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial
Disclosure.
None.
Item 8A. Controls and Procedures.
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The term disclosure controls and procedures is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and
15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). This
term refers to the controls and procedures of a company that are designed to provide
reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports
that it files under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported
within the required time periods.
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that have been designed to provide
reasonable assurance that information related to Gran Tierra is recorded, processed,
summarized and reported on a timely basis. We review these disclosure controls and
procedures on a periodic basis.
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer,
evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and
procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report, as required by Rule 15d-15
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Based on their evaluation of our disclosure
controls and procedures, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded
that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and
procedures are effective in ensuring that material information required to be disclosed by
us in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded,
processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and
forms of the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management,
including its chief executive and chief financial officers, as appropriate, to allow
timely decisions regarding required disclosure based on the definition of disclosure
controls and procedures as defined in Rule 15d-15 promulgated under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules
13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the fourth quarter of 2006
that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal
control over financial reporting.
61
Item 8B. Other Information.
None.
PART III
Item 9. Directors, Executive Officers, Promoters, Control Persons and Corporate
Governance; Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act.
Set forth below is information regarding our directors, executive officers and key
personnel.
Executive Officers and Directors
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name |
|
Age |
|
Position |
Dana Coffield
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
President and Chief Executive Officer; Director |
Martin H. Eden
|
|
|
59 |
|
|
Chief Financial Officer |
Max Wei
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
Vice President, Operations |
Rafael Orunesu
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
President, Gran Tierra Energy Argentina |
Edgar Dyes
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
President, Argosy Energy/Gran Tierra Energy Colombia |
Jeffrey Scott
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
Chairman of the Board of Directors |
Walter Dawson
Verne Johnson
|
|
|
66
62 |
|
|
Director
Director |
Nadine C. Smith
|
|
|
49 |
|
|
Director |
James Hart
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
Director |
Our directors and officers hold office until the earlier of their death, resignation,
or removal or until their successors have been qualified.
Dana Coffield, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director. Before joining Gran
Tierra as President, Chief Executive Officer and a Director in May, 2005, Mr. Coffield led
the Middle East Business Unit for EnCana Corporation, North Americas largest independent
oil and gas company, from 2003 through 2005. His responsibilities included business
development, exploration operations, commercial evaluations, government and partner
relations, planning and budgeting, environment/health/safety, security and management of
several overseas operating offices. From 1998 through 2003, he was New Ventures Manager
for EnCanas predecessor AEC International where he expanded activities into five new
countries on three continents. Mr. Coffield was previously with ARCO International for ten
years, where he participated in exploration and production operations in North Africa, SE
Asia and Alaska. He began his career as a mud-logger in the Texas Gulf Coast and later as
a Research Assistant with the Earth Sciences and Resources Institute where he conducted
geoscience research in North Africa, the Middle East and Latin America. Mr. Coffield has
participated in the discovery of over 130,000,000 barrels of oil equivalent reserves.
Mr. Coffield graduated from the University of South Carolina with a Masters of
Science degree and a doctorate (PhD) in Geology, based on research conducted in the Oman
Mountains in Arabia and Gulf of Suez in
Egypt, respectively. He has a Bachelor of Science degree in Geological Engineering
from the Colorado School of Mines. Mr. Coffield is a member of the AAPG, the GSA and the
CSPG, and is a Fellow of the Explorers Club.
62
Martin H. Eden, Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Eden joined our company as Chief
Financial Officer on January 2, 2007. He has over 26 years experience in accounting and
finance in the energy industry in Canada and overseas. He was Chief Financial Officer of
Artumas Group Inc., a publicly listed Canadian oil and gas company from April 2005 to
December 2006 and was a director from June to October, 2006. He has been president of Eden
and Associates Ltd., a financial consulting firm, from January 1999 to present. From
October 2004 to March 2005 he was CFO of Chariot Energy Inc., a Canadian private oil and
gas company. From January 2004 to September 2004, he was CFO of Assure Energy Inc., a
publicly traded oil and gas company listed in the United States. From January 2001 to
December 2002, he was CFO of Geodyne Energy Inc., a publicly listed Canadian oil and gas
company. From 1997 to 2000, he was Controller and subsequently CFO of Kyrgoil Corporation,
a publicly listed Canadian oil and gas company with operations in Central Asia. He spent
nine years with Nexen Inc. (1986-1996), including three years as Finance Manager for
Nexens Yemen operations and six years in Nexens financial reporting and special projects
areas in its Canadian head office. Mr. Eden has worked in public practice, including two
years as an audit manager for Coopers & Lybrand in East Africa. Mr. Eden holds a Bachelor
of Science degree in Economics from Birmingham University, England, a Masters of Business
Administration from Henley Management College/Brunel University, England, and is a member
of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Alberta and the Institute of Chartered
Accountants in England and Wales.
Max Wei, Vice President, Operations. Mr. Wei is a Petroleum Engineering graduate from
University of Alberta and has twenty-five years of experience as a reservoir engineer and
project manager for oil and gas exploration and production in Canada, the US, Qatar,
Bahrain, Oman, Kuwait, Egypt, Yemen, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Russia, Netherlands,
Philippines, Malaysia, Venezuela and Ecuador, among other countries. Mr. Wei began his
career with Shell Canada and later with Imperial Oil, in Heavy Oil Operations. He moved to
the US in 1986 to work with Bechtel Petroleum Operations at Naval Petroleum Reserves in
Elk Hills, California and eventually joined Occidental Petroleum in Bakersfield. Mr. Wei
returned to Canada in 2000 as Team Leader for Qatar and Bahrain operations with AEC
International and its successor, EnCana Corporation, where he worked until 2004. He
completed a project management position with Petronas in Malaysia in April, 2005, before
joining Gran Tierra in May, 2005.
Mr. Wei is specialized in reservoir engineering, project management, production
operations, field acquisition and development, and mentoring. He is a registered
Professional Engineer in the State of California and a member of the Association of
Professional Engineers, Geologists and Geophysicists of Alberta. Mr. Wei has a BSc in
Petroleum Engineering from the University of Alberta and Certification in Petroleum
Engineering from Southern Alberta Institute of Technology.
Rafael Orunesu, Vice President, Latin America. Mr. Orunesu joined Gran Tierra in
March 2005 and brings a mix of operations management, project evaluation, production
geology, reservoir and production engineering as well as leadership skills to Gran Tierra,
with a South American focus. He was most recently Engineering Manager for Pluspetrol Peru,
from 1997 through 2004, responsible for planning and development operations in the
Peruvian North jungle. He participated in numerous evaluation and asset purchase and sale
transactions covering Latin America and North Africa, incorporating 200,000,000 barrels of
oil over a five-year period. Mr. Orunesu was previously with Pluspetrol Argentina from
1990 to 1996 where he managed the technical/economic evaluation of several oil fields. He
began his career with YPF, initially as a geologist in the Austral Basin of Argentina and
eventually as Chief of Exploitation Geology and Engineering for the Catriel Field in the
Nuequén Basin, where he was responsible for drilling programs, workovers and secondary
recovery projects.
Mr. Orunesu has a postgraduate degree in Reservoir Engineering and Exploitation
Geology from Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires and a degree in Geology from Universidad
Nacional de la Plata, Argentina.
Edgar Dyes, President Argosy Energy / Gran Tierra Energy Colombia. Mr. Dyes
joined our company through the acquisition of Argosy Energy International L.P., where he
was Executive Vice-President and Chief
Operating Officer. His experience in the Colombian oil industry spans twenty-one
years, with the last six years in charge of Argosy Energys planning, management, finance
and administration activities. Mr. Dyes began his career with Union Texas Petroleum as a
petroleum accountant, where he eventually advanced into supervision and
63
management
positions in international operations for the company. He subsequently worked for Quintana
Energy Corporation; Jackson Exploration, Inc.; CSX Oil and Gas; and Garnet Resources
Corporation, where he held the position of Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Dyes has worked in
various financial and management roles on projects located in the United Kingdom, Germany,
Indonesia, Oman, Brunei, Egypt, Somalia, Ecuador and Colombia. Mr. Dyes holds a Bachelors
degree in Business Management from Stephen F. Austin State University, with postgraduate
studies in accounting.
Jeffrey Scott, Chairman of the Board of Directors. Mr. Scott has served as Chairman
of our board of directors since January 2005. Since 2001, Mr. Scott has served as
President of Postell Energy Co. Ltd., a privately held oil and gas producing company. He
has extensive oil and gas management experience, beginning as a production manager of
Postell Energy Co. Ltd in 1985 advancing to President in 2001. Mr. Scott is also currently
a Director of Saxon Energy Services, Inc., Suroco Energy, Inc., VGS Seismic Canada Inc.,
and Essential Energy Services Trust, all of which are publicly traded companies. Mr. Scott
holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Calgary, and a Masters of Business
Administration from California Coast University.
Walter Dawson, Director. Mr. Dawson has served as a director since January 2005. Mr.
Dawson is the founder of Saxon Energy Services, a publicly traded company since 2001, and
currently serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Saxon, which is an international
oilfield services company. Before his time at Saxon, Mr. Dawson served for 19 years as
President, Chief Executive Officer and a director and founded what became known as
Computalog Gearhart Ltd., which is now an operating division of Precision Drilling Corp.
Computalogs primary businesses are oil and gas logging, perforating, directional drilling
and fishing tools. Mr. Dawson instituted a technology center at Computalog, located in
Fort Worth, Texas, a developer of electronics designed to develop wellbore logging tools.
In 1993 Mr. Dawson founded what became known as Enserco Energy Services Company Inc.,
formerly Bonus Resource Services Corp. Enserco entered the well servicing businesses
through the acquisition of 26 independent Canadian service rig operators. Mr. Dawson is
currently a director of VGS Seismic Canada Inc., Suroco Energy, Inc. and Action Energy
Inc. (formerly High Plains Energy Inc.) all of which are publicly traded companies.
Verne Johnson, Director. Mr. Johnson has served as a director since April 2005.
Starting with Imperial Oil in 1966, he has spent his entire career in the petroleum
industry, primarily in western Canada, contributing to the growth of oil and gas companies
of various sizes. He worked with Imperial Oil Limited until 1981 (including two years
with Exxon Corporation in New York from 1977 to 1979). From 1981 to 2000, Mr. Johnson
served in senior capacities with companies such as Paragon Petroleum Ltd., ELAN Energy
Inc., Ziff Energy Group and Enerplus Resources Group. He was President and Chief Executive
Officer of ELAN Energy Inc., President of Paragon Petroleum and Senior Vice President of
Enerplus Resources Group until February 2002. Mr. Johnson retired in February 2002. Mr.
Johnson is a director of Fort Chicago Energy Partners LP, Harvest Energy Trust, Blue
Mountain Energy Ltd., Builders Energy Services Trust and Mystique Energy, all publicly
traded companies. Mr. Johnson received a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical
Engineering from the University of Manitoba in 1966. He is currently president of his
private family company, KristErin Resources Ltd.
Nadine C. Smith, Director. Ms. Smith has served as a director since January 10, 2006.
She has served as a director of Patterson-UTI, which is traded on NASDAQ, since May 2001
and served as a director of UTI from 1995 to May 2001. Ms. Smith is also a director of
American Retirement Corporation, a New York Stock Exchange listed company that owns and
manages senior housing properties. From August 2000 to December 2001, Ms. Smith was
President of Final Arrangements, LLC, a company providing software and web-based internet
services to the funeral industry. From April 2000 to August 2000, she served as the
President of Aegis Asset Management, Inc., an asset management company. From 1997 to April
2000, Ms. Smith was President and Chief Executive Officer of Enidan Capital Corp., an
investment company. Previously, Ms. Smith was an investment banker and principal with NC
Smith & Co. and The First Boston Corporation and a management consultant with McKinsey &
Co. Ms. Smith
holds a Bachelor of Science degree in economics from Smith College and a Masters of
Business Administration from Yale University.
64
James Hart, Director. Mr. Hart has served as a director since May 2005 and as Vice
President Finance and Chief Financial Officer from May, 2005 to December 2006. Previously,
Mr. Hart was an internal consultant with EnCana Corporation, from 2001 through April 2005,
providing specialized business analyses, ideas and advice for international and corporate
clients. Previously, from 1994 to 2001, he was Treasurer of Gulfstream Resources, an
international oil and gas company active in Qatar, Oman and Madagascar (eventually acquired
by Anadarko). Mr. Harts prior experience includes a varied tenure at Nexen (formerly
Canadian Occidental Petroleum) from 1984 to 1994, as Manager of the companys worldwide
Treasury activities and as Senior Advisor responsible for corporate acquisitions. He began
his career with the Alberta Petroleum Marketing Commission, providing policy advice to the
Provincial Government. Mr. Hart graduated from the University of Manitoba with a Masters in
Natural Resources Management (Economics specialization) and a Bachelor of Science degree in
Geology.
Our above-listed officers and directors have neither been convicted in any criminal
proceeding during the past five years nor been parties to any judicial or administrative
proceeding during the past five years that resulted in a judgment, decree or final order
enjoining them from future violations of, or prohibiting activities subject to, federal or
state securities laws or a finding of any violation of federal or state securities law or
commodities law. Similarly, no bankruptcy petitions have been filed by or against any
business or property of any of our directors or officers, nor has any bankruptcy petition
been filed against a partnership or business association in which these persons were
general partners or executive officers.
Board of Directors
Our board of directors consists of six directors and includes two committees: an
audit committee and a compensation committee. We adhere to the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules in
determining whether a director is independent and our board of directors has determined
that four of our six directors, Messrs. Scott, Johnson and Dawson and Ms. Smith, are
independent within the meaning of Rule 4200(a)(15) of the NASDs published listing
standards.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
We are not subject to Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended.
Code of Ethics
The board of directors believes that it is important to adopt a code of ethics;
however, due to limited resources and the demands of running our business, we have not
completed the process, but intend to do so at the earliest opportunity.
Board Committees
The board of directors has designated an audit committee to oversee managements
conduct of our accounting and financial reporting processes. The audit committee reviews
our financial reports and other financial information disclosed to the public, the
government and various regulatory bodies, our system of internal accounting, our financial
controls, and the annual independent audit of our financial statements. The audit
committee also oversees compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Currently, the
audit committee members are Messrs. Scott, Messrs. Johnson and Ms. Smith. Ms. Smith serves
as Chair of the audit committee.
Our board of directors has determined that all of the current members of our audit
committee are independent within the meaning of the SEC rules and Rule 4200(a)(15) of
the NASDs published listing standards. The board of directors has determined that Nadine
Smith, an independent director, qualifies as an audit committee financial expert within
the meaning of Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K and Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-B, both
promulgated by the SEC, based on her experience overseeing and assessing the performance
of companies with respect to the preparation and evaluation of financial statements. The
audit committee selects,
subject to the board of directors approval, the independent accountants to audit our
books and financial records, and considers and acts upon accounting matters as they arise.
A copy of the charter of the Audit Committee will be
65
available as soon as practicable on our website at www.grantierra.com. The audit
committee was established, and the members of the audit committee were appointed, on March
9, 2006.
The board of directors has appointed a compensation committee and is expected to
appoint a nominating committee. Mr. Johnson serves as chairman of the compensation
committee and Messrs. Scott and Dawson are the remaining members of the compensation
committee. Until further determination by the board, the full board of directors will
undertake the duties of the nominating committee of the board of directors. The board is
in the process of formulating and adopting a code of ethics to govern the conduct of our
officers, directors and employees.
Item 10. Executive Compensation.
The following table summarizes all compensation recorded by us in each of the last completed
fiscal years for our principal executive officer, each of our other two most highly
compensated executive officers serving as such whose annual compensation exceeded $100,000,
and up to two additional individuals for whom disclosure would have been made in this table
but for the fact that the individual was not serving as an executive officer of our company
at the end of our fiscal year. Such officers are referred to herein as our Named Executive
Officers.
|
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|
|
Name and |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Option |
|
All Other |
|
|
principal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Awards ($) |
|
Compensation ($) |
|
|
position |
|
Year |
|
Salary ($) (1) |
|
Bonus ($) |
|
(2)(3) |
|
(4) |
|
Total ($) |
|
Dana Coffield |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
President and Chief Executive Officer |
2006 |
|
|
$ |
154,458 |
|
|
$ |
92,250 |
|
|
$ |
23,400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
270,108 |
|
|
James Hart |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Former Vice President, Finance and Chief |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial Officer |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
$ |
154,458 |
|
|
$ |
92,250 |
|
|
$ |
14,625 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
261,333 |
|
|
Rafael Orunesu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
President, Gran Tierra Argentina |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
$ |
150,000 |
|
|
$ |
42,907 |
|
|
$ |
11,700 |
|
|
$ |
9,200 |
|
|
$ |
213,807 |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Dana Coffield and James Hart salaries and bonus are paid in Canadian dollars and
converted into US dollars for the purposes of the above table at the December 31, 2006
exchange rate of one Canadian dollar to US $0.8581. |
|
(2) |
|
Granted under terms of our 2005 Equity Incentive Plan. |
|
(3) |
|
Assumptions made in the valuation of stock options granted are discussed in Note 6 to our
2006 Consolidated Financial Statements. Reflects the dollar amount recognized for
financial statement reporting purposes with respect to the fiscal year in accordance with FAS
123R, disregarding estimates of forfeiture. |
|
(4) |
|
Cost of living allowance. |
Agreements with Executive Officers
We have entered into executive employment agreements with all members of our current
management team. The employment agreements entered into between Gran Tierra and Dana Coffield,
James Hart and Max Wei have identical terms except for the position held by each such person and
terms related to participation on the board of directors for Mr. Coffield and Mr. Hart. The
respective employment agreements provide for an initial annual base salary of CDN$180,000 ($154,386
US dollars) and provide for unspecified annual bonuses and options as warranted. The executive
employment agreements became effective on May 1, 2005 and have initial terms of three-years,
subject to extension or earlier termination and provide for severance payments to each employee, in
the event the employee is terminated without cause or the employee terminates the agreement for
good reason, in the amount of two times total compensation for the prior year. Good reason
includes an adverse change in the executives position, title, duties or responsibilities, or any
failure to re-elect him to such position (except for
66
termination for cause). Initial contract
terms for Messrs. Coffield, Hart and Wei included rights to purchase 200,000 shares of our common
stock before an initial public offering. These rights have been removed, with the mutual consent of
Gran Tierra and the applicable executives. All agreements include standard indemnity, insurance,
non-competition and confidentiality provisions.
We have also entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Orunesu which provides for an
initial annual base salary of $150,000, unspecified annual bonuses and options as warranted. The
contract includes provision for payment of a cost of
living adjustment of $55,200 per year. The agreement became effective on March 1, 2005 and has
an initial term of two-years, terminating on March 1, 2007, subject to extension or earlier
termination. The agreement provides for severance payments in the event of the employees
termination without cause or for good reason, in an amount equal to the salary payable under the
employment agreement during any remaining time in the initial two year term. Initial rights
provided in Mr. Orunesus agreement, to purchase 200,000 shares of our common stock before an
initial public offering, have since been removed with mutual consent of us and Mr. Orunesu.
On December 1, 2006, we entered into an executive employment agreement with Mr. Eden that
provides for an initial annual base salary of $193,073 and provides for unspecified annual bonuses
and options as warranted. Mr. Edens employment agreement became effective on January 2, 2007 and
has an initial term of three years, subject to extension or earlier termination and provides for
severance payments, in the event he is terminated without cause or terminates the agreement for
good reason, in the amount of his total compensation for the prior year. Good reason includes an
adverse change in the Mr. Edens position, title, duties or responsibilities, or any failure to
re-elect him to such position (except for termination for cause). Mr. Edens employment agreement
includes customary indemnity, insurance, non-competition and confidentiality provisions.
Directors Compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name |
|
Option Awards ($) (1) |
|
Total ($) |
|
Jeffrey Scott |
|
$ |
16,156 |
|
|
$ |
16,156 |
|
Walter Dawson |
|
$ |
10,771 |
|
|
$ |
10,771 |
|
Verne Johnson |
|
$ |
10,771 |
|
|
$ |
10,771 |
|
Nadine C. Smith |
|
$ |
10,771 |
|
|
$ |
10,771 |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
The stock options were granted under terms of our 2005 Equity Incentive Plan in 2005.
Assumptions made in the valuation of stock options granted are discussed in Note 6 to our 2006
Consolidated Financial Statements. Reflects the dollar amount recognized for financial statement
reporting purposes with respect to the fiscal year in accordance with FAS 123R, disregarding
estimates of forfeiture. |
There were no compensation arrangements in place in 2006 for the members of our board of
directors who are not also our employees. In 2007, we intend to pay a fee of $12,872 per year to
each director who serves on our board of directors and an additional $12,872 per year for the
chairman of our board of directors. We will also pay an additional fee of $6,436 per year for each
committee chair and a fee of $644 for each meeting attended. Directors who are not our employees
are eligible to receive awards under our 2005 Equity Incentive Plan. Compensation arrangements with
the directors who are also our employees are described in the preceding sections of this prospectus
under the heading Executive Compensation.
67
2005 Equity Incentive Plan
Our 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (the Plan) enables our board of directors to provide
equity-based incentives through grants or awards to our present and future employees, non-employee
directors, consultants and other third party advisors. However, grants and awards under the Plan
may only be made to those persons who are includable in the definition of employee under the
general instructions to the registration statement on Form S-8.
Only individuals who are our employees are eligible to receive incentive stock options under
the Plan. All employees, non-employee directors, consultants and advisors are eligible to receive
nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights and restricted stock awards, though such
awards may not be granted to any consultant or advisor unless bona fide services have been or are
to be rendered by such consultant or advisor, and such services are not provided by such consultant
or advisor in connection with the offer or sale of our securities in a capital raising transaction.
Our board of directors reserved a total of 4,000,000 shares of our common stock for issuance
under the Plan. If an incentive award granted under the Plan expires, terminates, is unexercised or
is forfeited, or if any shares are surrendered to us in connection with an incentive award, the
shares subject to such award and the surrendered shares will become available for further awards
under the Plan. Of the shares reserved for issuance under the Plan, 2,000,000 cannot be issued
until stockholder approval for the issuance of these shares is obtained. If we do not receive
stockholder approval, then the options to purchase these shares will be rescinded.
Shares issued under the Plan through the settlement, assumption or substitution of outstanding
awards or obligations to grant future awards as a condition of acquiring another entity will not
reduce the maximum number of shares available under the Plan. In addition, the number of shares of
our common stock subject to the Plan, any number of shares subject to any numerical limit in the
Plan, and the number of shares and terms of any incentive award may be adjusted in the event of any
change in our outstanding common stock by reason of any stock dividend, spin-off, split-up, stock
split, reverse stock split, recapitalization, reclassification, merger, consolidation, liquidation,
business combination or exchange of shares or similar transaction.
No more than 200,000 of the authorized shares under the Plan may be allocated to incentive
awards granted or awarded to any individual participant during any calendar year.
Administration
The compensation committee of the Board (or the Board in the absence of such a committee),
will administer the Plan. Subject to the terms of the Plan, the compensation committee will have
complete authority and discretion to determine the terms of awards under the Plan. The compensation
committee may adopt rules and regulations with respect to participants in the Plan or beneficiaries
designated by participants in the Plan.
Stock Options
The Plan authorizes the grant of both incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options.
Options granted under the Plan entitle the grantee, upon exercise, to purchase a specified number
of shares of our common stock from us at a specified exercise price per share. The administrator of
the Plan will determine the period of time during which an option may be exercised, as well as any
vesting schedule, except that no option may be exercised more than 10 years after the date of
grant. The exercise price for shares of our common stock covered by an option cannot be less than
the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant, unless we agree otherwise at the
time of the grant.
Under the Plan, a participant may not surrender an option for the grant of a new option with a
lower exercise price or another award under the Plan. In addition, if a participants option is
cancelled before its termination date, the participant may not receive another option within six
months of the cancellation date unless the exercise price of the new option equals or exceeds the
exercise price of the cancelled option.
Options may be awarded with a reload feature. A reload feature may only apply when the
exercise price of the option is paid by delivery of our common stock in under the provisions of the
Plan. The reload feature gives an option holder, contemporaneously with the payment of the option
exercise price in shares of our common stock, the right to receive a reload option to purchase that
number of shares of our common stock as is equal to the sum of the number of shares used to
exercise the option and, with respect to nonqualified stock options, the number of shares used to
pay any applicable withholding taxes.
68
Stock Appreciation Rights
Stock appreciation rights may be granted to any participant in the Plan who was previously
issued a stock option. The stock appreciation right permits an option holder to be paid the
appreciation on the related option instead of exercising the option. A participant exercising a
stock appreciation right will receive a cash distribution in an amount not to exceed the number of
shares of common stock subject to the portion of the stock appreciation right exercised, multiplied
by the difference between the market price of a share of our common stock on the date of exercise
of the stock appreciation right and the market price of a share of common stock on the date of
grant of the stock appreciation right.
A stock appreciation right may only be exercised if the underlying option is exercisable, and
in no event more than 10 years after the date of grant. To the extent a stock appreciation right is
exercised, the underlying option shall be cancelled, and the shares of stock underlying such option
shall no longer be available for awards under the Plan.
Restricted Stock Awards
The Plan also authorizes the grant of restricted stock awards on terms and conditions
established by the compensation committee, which may include performance conditions. The terms and
conditions will include the designation of a restriction period during which the shares of
restricted stock are not transferable and are subject to forfeiture.
Duration, Amendment and Termination
Our board of directors may suspend or terminate the Plan without stockholder approval or
ratification at any time or from time to time. Unless sooner terminated, the Plan will terminate on
November 10, 2015. The Board may also amend the Plan at any time. No such amendment may increase
the total number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under the Plan, reduce the
minimum exercise price for options or exchange options for other types of awards, unless such
amendment is authorized by our stockholders. The termination or amendment of the Plan will not,
without the consent of the participant, adversely affect a participants rights under a previously
granted award.
Restrictions on Transfer: Deferral
Except as otherwise permitted by the compensation committee and provided in an award
under the Plan, awards may not be transferred or exercised by another person except by will or by
the laws of descent and distribution.
The following table provides information concerning unexercised options for each Named Executive
Officer outstanding as of December 31, 2006.
|
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|
|
|
Number of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities |
|
|
Number of Securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underlying |
|
|
Underlying |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unexercised Options |
|
|
Unexercised Options |
|
|
Option Exercise |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(#) |
|
|
(#) |
|
|
Price |
|
|
Option Expiration |
|
Name |
|
Exercisable |
|
|
Unexercisable |
|
|
($) |
|
|
Date |
|
(a) |
|
(b) |
|
|
(c) |
|
|
(e) |
|
|
(f) |
|
|
Dana Coffield |
|
|
54,167 |
(1) |
|
|
108,333 |
(2) |
|
$ |
0.80 |
|
|
|
11/10/2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
200,000 |
(3) |
|
$ |
1.27 |
|
|
|
11/8/2016 |
|
James Hart |
|
|
54,167 |
(1) |
|
|
108,333 |
(2) |
|
$ |
0.80 |
|
|
|
11/10/2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
125,000 |
(3) |
|
$ |
1.27 |
|
|
|
11/8/2016 |
|
Max Wei |
|
|
54,167 |
(1) |
|
|
108,333 |
(2) |
|
$ |
0.80 |
|
|
|
11/10/2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100,000 |
(3) |
|
$ |
1.27 |
|
|
|
11/8/2016 |
|
Rafael Orunesu |
|
|
54,167 |
(1) |
|
|
108,333 |
(2) |
|
$ |
0.80 |
|
|
|
11/10/2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100,000 |
(3) |
|
$ |
1.27 |
|
|
|
11/8/2016 |
|
69
|
|
|
(1) |
|
The right to exercise the shares reported in this column vested on November 10, 2006. |
|
(2) |
|
The right to exercise one-half of the shares reported in this column will vest on November 10,
2007 and November 10, 2008, in each such case if the option holder is still employed by Gran Tierra
on such date. |
|
(3) |
|
The right to exercise one-third of the shares reported in this column will vest on each of
November 8, 2007, November 8, 2009 and November 8, 2010. |
Item 11. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder
Matters.
The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common
stock as of February 2, 2007 by (1) each person who, to our knowledge, beneficially owns more than
5% of the outstanding shares of the common stock; (2) each of our directors and executive officers;
and (3) all of our executive officers and directors as a group. Unless otherwise indicated in the
footnotes to the following table, each person named in the table has sole voting and investment
power and that persons address is 300, 611-10 th Avenue, S.W., Calgary, Alberta,
Canada, T2R 0B2. Shares of common stock subject to options or warrants currently exercisable or
exercisable within 60 days following February 2, 2007 are deemed outstanding for computing the
share ownership and percentage of the person holding such options and warrants, but are not deemed
outstanding for computing the percentage of any other person. All share numbers and ownership
percentage calculations below assume that all exchangeable shares of Goldstrike Exchange Co. have
been converted on a one-for-one basis into corresponding shares of our common stock.
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
Amount and |
|
|
|
|
Nature of |
|
|
|
|
Beneficial |
|
Percentage |
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner |
|
Owner |
|
of Class |
Dana Coffield (2) |
|
|
1,888,829 |
|
|
|
1.98 |
% |
James Hart (3) |
|
|
1,743,850 |
|
|
|
1.83 |
% |
Max Wei (3) |
|
|
1,783,834 |
|
|
|
1.87 |
% |
Rafael Orunesu (3) |
|
|
1,863,850 |
|
|
|
1.95 |
% |
Jeffrey Scott (4) |
|
|
2,563,861 |
|
|
|
2.68 |
% |
Walter Dawson (5) |
|
|
3,005,952 |
|
|
|
3.14 |
% |
Verne Johnson (6) |
|
|
1,662,884 |
|
|
|
1.74 |
% |
Nadine C. Smith (7) |
|
|
2,099,094 |
|
|
|
2.19 |
% |
Greywolf Capital Management LP (8) |
|
|
10,000,001 |
|
|
|
10.12 |
% |
Millennium Global Investments Limited (9) |
|
|
5,002,500 |
|
|
|
5.15 |
% |
US Global Investors, Inc. (10) |
|
|
5,858,675 |
|
|
|
6.14 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Directors and officers as a group (total of 8 persons) |
|
|
16,612,154 |
|
|
|
17.13 |
% |
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Beneficial ownership is calculated based on 95,455,765 shares of common stock issued and
outstanding as of February 2, 2007, which number includes shares of common stock issuable upon
the exchange of the exchangeable shares of Goldstrike Exchange Co. issued to certain former
holders of Gran Tierra Canadas common stock. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance
with Rule 13d-3 of the SEC. The number of shares beneficially owned by a person includes
shares of common stock underlying options or warrants held by that person that are currently
exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2007. The shares issuable pursuant to
the exercise of those options or warrants are deemed outstanding for computing the percentage
ownership of the person holding those options and warrants but are not deemed outstanding for
the purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Unless otherwise
indicated, the persons and entities named in the table have sole voting and sole investment
power with respect to the shares set forth opposite that persons name, subject to community
property laws, where applicable. |
70
|
|
|
(2) |
|
The number of shares beneficially owned includes an option to acquire 54,167 shares of common
stock exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2007, and a warrant to acquire 48,334 shares
of common stock exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2007. The number of shares
beneficially owned also includes 1,689,683 exchangeable shares. |
|
(3) |
|
The number of shares beneficially includes an option to acquire 54,167 shares of common stock
exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2007. All other shares beneficially owned by such
stockholder are exchangeable shares. |
|
(4) |
|
The number of shares beneficially includes an option to acquire 50,000 shares of common stock
exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2007, and a warrant to acquire 274,991 shares of
common stock exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2007. The number of shares beneficially
owned also includes 1,688,889 exchangeable shares. |
|
(5) |
|
The number of shares beneficially includes an option to acquire 33,333 shares of common stock
exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2007. The number beneficially owned also includes
warrants to acquire 375,000 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of February 2,
2007, of which warrants to acquire 275,000 shares are held by Perfco Investments Ltd
(Perfco). The number of shares beneficially owned also includes 550,000 shares of common
stock directly owned by Perfco and 158,730 shares of common stock directly owned by Mr.
Dawsons spouse. The number of shares beneficially owned includes 1,688,889 exchangeable
shares, of which 1,587,302 are held by Perfco. Mr. Dawson is the sold owner of Perfco and has
sole voting and investment power over the shares beneficially owned by Perfco. Mr. Dawson
disclaims beneficial ownership over the shares owned by Mr. Dawsons spouse. |
|
(6) |
|
The number of shares beneficially includes an option to acquire 33,333 shares of common stock
exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2007, and a warrant to acquire 112,496 shares of
common stock exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2007. The number of shares beneficially
owned includes 1,292,064 exchangeable shares, of which 396,825 are held by KirstErin
Resources, Ltd., a private family-owned business of which Mr. Johnson is the President. Mr.
Johnson has sole voting and investment power over the shares held by KirstErin Resources, Ltd. |
|
(7) |
|
The number of shares beneficially includes an option to acquire 33,333 shares of common stock
exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2007, and a warrant to acquire 362,500 shares of
common stock exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2007. |
|
(8) |
|
Greywolf Capital Management LP is the investment manager for (a) Greywolf Capital Overseas
Fund (GCOF), which owns 4,800,000 shares of common stock and a warrant to acquire 2,400,000
shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2007, and (b) Greywolf
Capital Partners II (GCP), which owns 1,888,667 shares of common stock and a warrant to
acquire 933,334 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2007. William
Troy has the power to vote and dispose of the shares of common stock beneficially owned by
GCOF and GCP. The address for Greywolf Capital Management LP is 4 Manhattanville Road,
Purchase, NY 10577. |
|
(9) |
|
Includes shares beneficially owned by Millennium Global High Yield Fund Limited (the High
Yield Fund) and Millennium Global Natural Resources Fund Limited (the Natural Resources
Fund). The High Yield Fund owns 2,668,000 shares of common stock and a warrant to acquire
1,334,000 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2007. The Natural
Resources Fund owns 667,000 shares of common stock and a warrant to acquire 333,500 shares of
common stock exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2007. Joseph Strubel has the power to
vote and dispose of the shares of common stock beneficially owned by the High Yield Fund and
the Natural Resources Fund. The address for Millennium Global Investments Limited is 57-59 St.
James Street, London, U.K., SW1A 1LD. |
|
(10) |
|
Includes shares beneficially owned by US Global Investors Global Resources Fund (the
Global Fund) and US Global Investors Balanced Natural Resources Fund (the Balanced
Fund). The Global Fund owns 3,883,675 shares of common stock and a warrant to acquire
1,550,000 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2007. The Balanced
Fund owns 233,333 shares of common stock and a warrant to acquire 116,667 shares of common
stock exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2007. The remaining 858,675 shares of common stock
are owned by Meridian Resources Fund. U.S. Global Investors has
the power to vote and dispose of the shares of common stock beneficially owned by the Global
Fund, the Balanced Fund and the Meridian Resources Fund. The address for US Global Investors, Inc. is 7900 Callaghan Road,
San Antonio, Texas 78229. |
71
Equity Compensation Plan
Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2006
are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of securities to |
|
Weighted average |
|
Number of securities |
|
|
be issued upon exercise |
|
exercise price of |
|
remaining available |
Plan category |
|
of options |
|
outstanding options |
|
for future issuance |
|
|
|
|
(a |
) |
|
|
(b |
) |
|
|
(c |
) |
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders |
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
|
$ |
1.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders |
|
|
700,000 |
|
|
$ |
1.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
2,700,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
480,000 |
|
|
The only equity compensation plan approved by our stockholders is our 2005 Equity
Incentive Plan, under which our board of directors is authorized to issue options or other
rights to acquire up to 2,000,000 shares of our common stock. On November 8, 2006, our
board of directors granted options to acquire 1,180,000 shares of common stock at an exercise
price of $1.27 per share, which options cannot be exercised, and will be rescinded, if our
stockholders to not approve an increase in the number of shares authorized under the 2005
Equity Incentive Plan sufficient to permit the issuance of the shares issuable upon exercise
of these additional stock options. These stock options are reflected in the table above as
not being approved by security holders.
Item 12. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
During 2006, there have been no transactions, or proposed transactions, to which we
are or were a party, in which any of our directors or executive officers, any nominee for
election as a director, any persons who beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, shares
with more than 5% of the common stock or any relatives of any of the foregoing had or is
to have a direct or indirect material interest, except for their purchase of our
securities.
In June 2006, we completed the sale of 50,000,000 units for gross proceeds totaling
$75,000,000, less issue costs of $6,306,699. Each unit consisted of one share of our common
stock at $1.50 per share and a warrant to purchase one-half share of our common stock for a
period of five years at an exercise price of $1.75 per whole share. Participating in this
financing were the following related parties of our company:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name |
|
# Units Purchased |
|
Purchase Price |
Dana Coffield (1) |
|
|
66,667 |
|
|
$ |
100,001 |
|
Jeffrey Scott (2) |
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
$ |
150,000 |
|
William Scott (3) |
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
$ |
150,000 |
|
Verne G. Johnson (4) |
|
|
100,006 |
|
|
$ |
150,009 |
|
Perfco Investments Ltd. (5) |
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
$ |
300,000 |
|
Nadine C. Smith and
John Long, Jr. (6) |
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
$ |
150,000 |
|
Rafael Orunesu (7) |
|
|
80,000 |
|
|
$ |
120,000 |
|
Max Wei (8) |
|
|
26,656 |
|
|
$ |
39,984 |
|
Greywolf Capital Management LP (9) |
|
|
6,666,667 |
|
|
$ |
10,000,001 |
|
Millennium Global Investments Limited (10) |
|
|
3,335,000 |
|
|
$ |
5,002,500 |
|
US Global Investors, Inc. (11) |
|
|
3,333,333 |
|
|
$ |
5,000,000 |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Mr. Coffield is a director of our company and our Chief Executive Officer. |
|
(2) |
|
Mr. Jeffrey Scott is a director and is Chairman of our company. |
|
(3) |
|
Mr. William Scott is the father of Jeffrey Scott, a director and chairman of our company. |
72
|
|
|
(4) |
|
Mr. Johnson is a director of our company. |
|
(5) |
|
Perfco Investments Ltd. is a company, the sole owner of which is Mr. Walter Dawson, a
director of our company. |
|
(6) |
|
Ms. Smith is a director of our company. John Long Jr. is the husband of Ms. Smith. |
|
(7) |
|
Mr. Orunesu is the President of Gran Tierra Energy Argentina, our Argentinean subsidiary. |
|
(8) |
|
Mr. Wei is our Vice President, Operations. |
|
(9) |
|
Consists of 4,800,000 units purchased by Greywolf Capital Overseas Fund LP, and
1,866,667 units purchased by Greywolf Capital Partners II, LP. See Note 8 of the
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management table in Item 11 of this
report. |
|
(10) |
|
Consists of 2,668,000 units purchased by Millennium Global High Yield Fund Limited,
and 667,000 units purchased by Millennium Global Natural Resources Fund Limited. See Note
9 of the Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management table in Item 11
of this report. |
|
(11) |
|
Consists of 3,100,000 units purchased by US Global Investors Global Resources Fund,
and 233,333 units purchased by US Global Investors Balanced Natural Resources Fund .
See Note 10 of the Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management table in
Item 11 of this report. |
We have not engaged in any transactions with promoters or founders in which a
promoter or founder has received any type of consideration from us.
Information regarding director independence is set forth in Item 9 of this Annual
Report on Form 10-KSB which information is incorporated by reference here.
73
Item 13. Exhibits.
The following exhibits are filed as part of this report:
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
|
Reference |
2.1
|
|
Acquisition Agreements
|
|
See Exhibits 10.1, 10.3, 10.18, 10.46 and 10.47 |
|
|
|
|
|
3.1
|
|
Articles of Incorporation.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 3.1 to the
Form SB-2, as
amended, filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 31,
2003 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
3.2
|
|
Certificate Amending Articles of Incorporation.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 3.2 to the
Form SB-2, as
amended, and filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on
December 31, 2003
(File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
3.3
|
|
Bylaws.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 3.3 to the
Form SB-2, as
amended, filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 31,
2003 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
3.4
|
|
Certificate Amending Articles of Incorporation.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 3.4 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
3.5
|
|
Certificate of Amendment to Articles of
Incorporation.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 3.5 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on June 1, 2006
(File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
3.6
|
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Gran Tierra
Energy Inc.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 3.5 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on June 21, 2006
(File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
Form of Warrant.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 4.1 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 19,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.1
|
|
Share Purchase Agreement by and between
Goldstrike Inc. and Gran Tierra Energy Inc. dated
as of November 10, 2005.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.2
|
|
Form of Registration Rights Agreement by and
among Goldstrike Inc. and the purchasers named
therein.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.2 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 19,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.3
|
|
Assignment Agreement by and between Goldstrike
Inc. and Gran Tierra Goldstrike Inc. dated as of
November 10, 2005.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.2 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
74
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
|
Reference |
10.4
|
|
Voting Exchange and Support Agreement by and
between Goldstrike, Inc., 1203647 Alberta Inc.,
Gran Tierra Goldstrike Inc. and Olympia Trust
Company dated as of November 10, 2005.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.3 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.5
|
|
Form of Split Off Agreement by and among
Goldstrike Inc., Dr. Yenyou Zheng, Goldstrike
Leasco Inc. and Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.4 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.6*
|
|
Employment Agreement between Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. and Dana Coffield dated as of April 29,
2005, as amended.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.5 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.7*
|
|
Employment Agreement between Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. and James Hart dated as of April 29,
2005, as amended.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.6 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.8*
|
|
Employment Agreement between Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. and Max Wei dated as of April 29, 2005,
as amended.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.7 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.9*
|
|
Employment Agreement between Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. and Rafael Orunesu dated as of March 1,
2005, as amended.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.8 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.10*
|
|
Form of Indemnity Agreement.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.9 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.12
|
|
2005 Equity Incentive Plan.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.11 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on
November 10, 2005
(File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.13
|
|
Form of Subscription Agreement.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 19,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.14
|
|
Details of the Goldstrike Special Voting Share.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.14 to
the Annual Report
on Form 10-KSB/A
for the period
ended December 31,
2005 and filed with
the Securities and
Exchange on April
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.15
|
|
Exchangeable Share Provisions.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.15 to
the Annual Report
on Form 10-KSB/A
for the period
ended December 31,
2005 and filed with
the Securities and
Exchange on April
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.16
|
|
Refinery Contract between Refinor S.A.and Dong
Wong Corporation Golden Oil Corporation.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.16 to
the Annual Report
on Form 10-KSB/A
for the period
ended December 31,
2005 and filed with
the Securities and
Exchange on April
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.17
|
|
Contract between Compañia General de
Combustibles S.A. and Gran Tierra Energy Argentina
S.A.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.17 to
the Annual Report
on Form 10-KSB/A
for the period
ended December 31,
2005 and filed with
the Securities and
Exchange on April
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656) |
|
|
|
|
|
10.18
|
|
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of
May 25, 2006, by and between Gran Tierra Energy,
Inc and Crosby Capital, LLC.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.18 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
1, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
75
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
|
Reference |
10.20
|
|
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated
as of June 20, 2006, by and among the Company and
retail investors purchasing units of Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. securities in a private offering.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.20 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.21
|
|
Form of Subscription Agreement, dated as of
June 20, 2006, by and among Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
and retail investors subscribing for units of Gran
Tierra Energy Inc. securities in a private
offering.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.21 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.22
|
|
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of
June 20, 2006, by and between Gran Tierra Energy
Inc. and CD Investment Partners, Ltd.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.22 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.23
|
|
Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated
as of June 20, 2006, by and among Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. and institutional investors purchasing
units of Gran Tierra Energy Inc. securities in a
private offering.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.23 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.24
|
|
Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated
as of June 20, 2006, by and among Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. and retail investors purchasing units
of Gran Tierra Energy Inc. securities in a private
offering.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.24 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.25
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of
June 20, 2006, by and between Gran Tierra Energy
Inc. and CD Investment Partners, Ltd.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.25 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.26
|
|
Lock-Up Agreement, dated June 20, 2006, by and
among Sanders Morris Harris Inc. and the executive
officers and directors of Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.26 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.27
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of
June 20, 2006, by and between Gran Tierra Energy
Inc. and Crosby Capital, LLC.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.27 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.28
|
|
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated
as of June 30, 2006, by and among Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. and the investors in the June 30, 2006
closing of the Offering.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.28 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on July
5, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.29
|
|
Form of Subscription Agreement, dated as of
June 30, 2006, by and among Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
and the investors in the June 30, 2006 closing of
the Offering.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.29 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on July
5, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.30
|
|
Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated
as of June 30, 2006, by and among Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. and the investors in the June 30, 2006
closing of the Offering.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.30 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on July
5, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.31
|
|
Form of Escrow Agreement.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.31 to
Form SB-2, as
amended, filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 7, 2006
(File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.32
|
|
Form of Registration Rights Agreement by and
among Goldstrike Inc. and the purchasers named
therein.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.32 to
Form SB-2, as
amended, filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 7, 2006
(File No.
333-111656). |
76
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
|
Reference |
10.33
|
|
Form of Subscription Agreement by and among
Goldstrike Inc., Gran Tierra Energy, Inc. and the
investor identified therein.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.33 to
Form SB-2, as
amended, filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 7, 2006
(File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.34
|
|
Form of Registration Rights Agreement by and
among Gran Tierra Energy, Inc. f/k/a Goldstrike,
Inc. and the purchasers named therein.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.34 to
Form SB-2, as
amended, filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 7, 2006
(File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.35
|
|
Form of Subscription Agreement by and among
Gran Tierra Energy, Inc. f/k/a Goldstrike, Inc. and
the investor identified therein.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.35 to
Form SB-2, as
amended, filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 7, 2006
(File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.36*
|
|
Executive Employment Agreement dated December
1, 2006, by and between Gran Tierra Energy Inc. and
Martin H. Eden.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.36 to
the current report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on
January 3, 2007
(File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.37
|
|
Credit Agreement dated February 22, 2007, by
and among Gran Tierra Energy Inc, Gran Tierra
Energy Colombia, Ltd., Argosy Energy Corp., and
Standard Bank Plc.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.38
|
|
Note For Loans, dated February 22, 2007, by the
Company in favor of Standard Bank Plc.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.2 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.39
|
|
GP Pledge Agreement, dated as of February 22, 2007,
by the Company in favor of Standard Bank Plc.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.3 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.40
|
|
Partnership Pledge Agreement, dated as of February
22, 2007, by and among the Company and Argosy
Energy Corp., in favor of Standard Bank Plc.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.4 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.41
|
|
Collection Account Pledge Agreement, dated as of
February 22, 2007, by Gran Tierra Energy Colombia,
Ltd. in favor of Standard Bank Plc.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.5 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.42
|
|
ISDA 2002 Master Agreement, dated as of February
22, 2007, by and among the Company and Standard
Bank Plc, and the Schedule thereto.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.6 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.43
|
|
Blocked Account Control Agreement, dated as of
February 22, 2007, by and among Gran Tierra Energy
Colombia, Ltd., Standard Bank Plc and JPMorgan
Chase Bank.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.7 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.44
|
|
Share Pledge Agreement, dated as of February 22,
2007, by and among the Company and Standard Bank
Plc.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.8 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.45
|
|
First Priority Open Pledge Agreement Over Credit
Rights Derived From A Crude Oil Commercial Sales
Agreement, dated as of February 22, 2007, by and
among Gran Tierra Energy Colombia, Ltd. and
Standard Bank Plc.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.9 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
77
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
|
Reference |
10.46
|
|
Contract between Ecopetrol S.A., and Argosy Energy
International, for the sale of crude oil, dated
December 1, 2006
|
|
Filed herewith. |
|
|
|
|
|
10.47
|
|
Palmar Largo Assignment Agreement, dated September
1, 2005, between Don Won Corporation (Sucursal
Argentina), and Gran Tierra Inc.
|
|
Filed herewith. |
|
|
|
|
|
21.1
|
|
List of subsidiaries.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 21.1 to the
Annual Report on
Form 10-KSB filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
10, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
31.1
|
|
Certificate of the President and Chief
Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31.2
|
|
Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant
to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32.1
|
|
Certification of the President and Chief Executive
Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32.2
|
|
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002. |
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. |
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
Set forth below is a summary of fees paid to Deloitte & Touche LLP, our independent
registered Chartered Accountants, for services in the fiscal periods ended December 31,
2005 and December 31, 2006. In determining the independence of Deloitte & Touche LLP, the
Audit Committee considered whether the provision of non-audit services is compatible with
maintaining Deloitte & Touche LLPs independence.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
Deloitte & Touche LLP |
|
Deloitte & Touche LLP |
|
Audit Fees |
|
$ |
111,195 |
|
|
$ |
478,719 |
|
Audit Related |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
35,394 |
|
Tax Preparation |
|
|
15,412 |
|
|
|
73,694 |
|
All Other Fees |
|
|
22,155 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
148,762 |
|
|
$ |
587,807 |
|
|
Audit Fees
The total audit fees and reimbursement of expenses paid to Deloitte & Touche LLP were
for audits, reviews of the quarterly financial statements, and the preparation of comfort
letters and consents. As well, an audit was performed on the nine months ended September
30, 2006 to facilitate the application to register the common shares issued in June 2006.
Audit Related
Miscellaneous advisory services, related to the acquisitions and share registration
activities of the company during the year.
78
Tax Fees
Tax preparation fees, including reimbursement of expenses, paid to Deloitte & Touche
LLP in fiscal 2006 were for the preparation of our US, Canadian, Colombian and Argentinean
tax returns for 2005.
Before we engage an independent public accountant to render audit or non-audit
services, the engagement is approved by our audit committee or the engagement to render
services is entered into pursuant to pre-approval policies and procedures established by
the audit committee. The pre-approval policy adopted by our audit committee on March 9,
2006 to permit pre-approval of non-audit services is attached as Schedule A to the charter
of the audit committee, which was filed as Exhibit 99.1 to our Annual Report on Form
10-KSB for 2005. This policy requires that the audit committee consider, prior to
pre-approving any non-audit services, multiple factors taken as a whole, including whether
the services are prohibited pursuant to SEC rules, whether the auditors are best
positioned to provide the services, and the percentage of total services the non-audit
services will comprise. Requests for non-audit services will be made in writing to our
independent auditor specifying the services requested and the reasons therefor, and the
chairperson of the audit committee will be copied on the communication. Then our
independent auditor must respond to our with a description of the services, the fees that
it will charge, and a request for pre-approval of the services plus pre-approval of 10%
over the amount. The chairperson of the audit committee will then make a determination
based on all of the relevant factors, and if approved report back to the audit committee
at the next audit committee meeting for ratification.
79
SIGNATURES
In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the
Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereby duly
authorized on March 30, 2007.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
|
|
|
By: |
/s/ Dana Coffield
|
|
|
|
Name: |
Dana Coffield |
|
|
|
Title: |
President and Chief Executive Officer |
|
|
In accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been
signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the
dates indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
Signature |
|
Title |
|
Date |
/s/ Dana Coffield
|
|
President
Chief Executive Officer
Director |
|
|
|
|
(Principal
Executive Officer)
|
|
March 30, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Martin Eden
|
|
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer
and Principal Accounting Officer) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 30, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Jeffrey Scott
|
|
Chairman of the Board
of Directors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 30, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Walter Dawson |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Director
|
|
March 30, 2007 |
|
/s/ Verne Johnson |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Director
|
|
March 30, 2007 |
|
/s/ Nadine C. Smith |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Director
|
|
March 30, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ James Hart |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Director
|
|
March 30, 2007 |
80
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
|
Reference |
2.1
|
|
Acquisition Agreements
|
|
See Exhibits 10.1, 10.3, 10.18, 10.46 and 10.47 |
|
|
|
|
|
3.1
|
|
Articles of Incorporation.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 3.1 to the
Form SB-2, as
amended, filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 31,
2003 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
3.2
|
|
Certificate Amending Articles of Incorporation.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 3.2 to the
Form SB-2, as
amended, and filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on
December 31, 2003
(File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
3.3
|
|
Bylaws.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 3.3 to the
Form SB-2, as
amended, filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 31,
2003 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
3.4
|
|
Certificate Amending Articles of Incorporation.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 3.4 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
3.5
|
|
Certificate of Amendment to Articles of
Incorporation.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 3.5 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on June 1, 2006
(File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
3.6
|
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Gran Tierra
Energy Inc.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 3.5 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on June 21, 2006
(File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
Form of Warrant.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 4.1 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 19,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.1
|
|
Share Purchase Agreement by and between
Goldstrike Inc. and Gran Tierra Energy Inc. dated
as of November 10, 2005.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.2
|
|
Form of Registration Rights Agreement by and
among Goldstrike Inc. and the purchasers named
therein.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.2 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 19,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.3
|
|
Assignment Agreement by and between Goldstrike
Inc. and Gran Tierra Goldstrike Inc. dated as of
November 10, 2005.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.2 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.4
|
|
Voting Exchange and Support Agreement by and
between Goldstrike, Inc., 1203647 Alberta Inc.,
Gran Tierra Goldstrike Inc. and Olympia Trust
Company dated as of November 10, 2005.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.3 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.5
|
|
Form of Split Off Agreement by and among
Goldstrike Inc., Dr. Yenyou Zheng, Goldstrike
Leasco Inc. and Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.4 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
|
Reference |
10.6*
|
|
Employment Agreement between Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. and Dana Coffield dated as of April 29,
2005, as amended.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.5 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.7*
|
|
Employment Agreement between Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. and James Hart dated as of April 29,
2005, as amended.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.6 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.8*
|
|
Employment Agreement between Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. and Max Wei dated as of April 29, 2005,
as amended.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.7 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.9*
|
|
Employment Agreement between Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. and Rafael Orunesu dated as of March 1,
2005, as amended.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.8 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.10*
|
|
Form of Indemnity Agreement.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.9 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on November 10,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.12
|
|
2005 Equity Incentive Plan.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.11 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on
November 10, 2005
(File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.13
|
|
Form of Subscription Agreement.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 19,
2005 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.14
|
|
Details of the Goldstrike Special Voting Share.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.14 to
the Annual Report
on Form 10-KSB/A
for the period
ended December 31,
2005 and filed with
the Securities and
Exchange on April
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.15
|
|
Exchangeable Share Provisions.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.15 to
the Annual Report
on Form 10-KSB/A
for the period
ended December 31,
2005 and filed with
the Securities and
Exchange on April
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.16
|
|
Refinery Contract between Refinor S.A.and Dong
Wong Corporation Golden Oil Corporation.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.16 to
the Annual Report
on Form 10-KSB/A
for the period
ended December 31,
2005 and filed with
the Securities and
Exchange on April
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.17
|
|
Contract between Compañia General de
Combustibles S.A. and Gran Tierra Energy Argentina
S.A.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.17 to
the Annual Report
on Form 10-KSB/A
for the period
ended December 31,
2005 and filed with
the Securities and
Exchange on April
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656) |
|
|
|
|
|
10.18
|
|
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of
May 25, 2006, by and between Gran Tierra Energy,
Inc and Crosby Capital, LLC.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.18 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
1, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.20
|
|
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated
as of June 20, 2006, by and among the Company and
retail investors purchasing units of Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. securities in a private offering.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.20 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
|
Reference |
10.21
|
|
Form of Subscription Agreement, dated as of
June 20, 2006, by and among Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
and retail investors subscribing for units of Gran
Tierra Energy Inc. securities in a private
offering.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.21 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.22
|
|
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of
June 20, 2006, by and between Gran Tierra Energy
Inc. and CD Investment Partners, Ltd.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.22 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.23
|
|
Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated
as of June 20, 2006, by and among Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. and institutional investors purchasing
units of Gran Tierra Energy Inc. securities in a
private offering.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.23 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.24
|
|
Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated
as of June 20, 2006, by and among Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. and retail investors purchasing units
of Gran Tierra Energy Inc. securities in a private
offering.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.24 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.25
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of
June 20, 2006, by and between Gran Tierra Energy
Inc. and CD Investment Partners, Ltd.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.25 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.26
|
|
Lock-Up Agreement, dated June 20, 2006, by and
among Sanders Morris Harris Inc. and the executive
officers and directors of Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.26 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.27
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of
June 20, 2006, by and between Gran Tierra Energy
Inc. and Crosby Capital, LLC.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.27 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on June
21, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.28
|
|
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated
as of June 30, 2006, by and among Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. and the investors in the June 30, 2006
closing of the Offering.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.28 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on July
5, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.29
|
|
Form of Subscription Agreement, dated as of
June 30, 2006, by and among Gran Tierra Energy Inc.
and the investors in the June 30, 2006 closing of
the Offering.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.29 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on July
5, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.30
|
|
Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated
as of June 30, 2006, by and among Gran Tierra
Energy Inc. and the investors in the June 30, 2006
closing of the Offering.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.30 to
the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on July
5, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.31
|
|
Form of Escrow Agreement.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.31 to
Form SB-2, as
amended, filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 7, 2006
(File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.32
|
|
Form of Registration Rights Agreement by and
among Goldstrike Inc. and the purchasers named
therein.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.32 to
Form SB-2, as
amended, filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 7, 2006
(File No.
333-111656). |
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|
|
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10.33
|
|
Form of Subscription Agreement by and among
Goldstrike Inc., Gran Tierra Energy, Inc. and the
investor identified therein.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.33 to
Form SB-2, as
amended, filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 7, 2006
(File No.
333-111656). |
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|
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
|
Reference |
10.34
|
|
Form of Registration Rights Agreement by and
among Gran Tierra Energy, Inc. f/k/a Goldstrike,
Inc. and the purchasers named therein.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.34 to
Form SB-2, as
amended, filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 7, 2006
(File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.35
|
|
Form of Subscription Agreement by and among
Gran Tierra Energy, Inc. f/k/a Goldstrike, Inc. and
the investor identified therein.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.35 to
Form SB-2, as
amended, filed with
the Securities and
Exchange Commission
on December 7, 2006
(File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.36*
|
|
Executive Employment Agreement dated December
1, 2006, by and between Gran Tierra Energy Inc. and
Martin H. Eden.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.36 to
the current report
on Form 8-K filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on
January 3, 2007
(File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.37
|
|
Credit Agreement dated February 22, 2007, by
and among Gran Tierra Energy Inc, Gran Tierra
Energy Colombia, Ltd., Argosy Energy Corp., and
Standard Bank Plc.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.38
|
|
Note For Loans, dated February 22, 2007, by the
Company in favor of Standard Bank Plc.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.2 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.39
|
|
GP Pledge Agreement, dated as of February 22, 2007,
by the Company in favor of Standard Bank Plc.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.3 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.40
|
|
Partnership Pledge Agreement, dated as of February
22, 2007, by and among the Company and Argosy
Energy Corp., in favor of Standard Bank Plc.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.4 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.41
|
|
Collection Account Pledge Agreement, dated as of
February 22, 2007, by Gran Tierra Energy Colombia,
Ltd. in favor of Standard Bank Plc.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.5 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.42
|
|
ISDA 2002 Master Agreement, dated as of February
22, 2007, by and among the Company and Standard
Bank Plc, and the Schedule thereto.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.6 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.43
|
|
Blocked Account Control Agreement, dated as of
February 22, 2007, by and among Gran Tierra Energy
Colombia, Ltd., Standard Bank Plc and JPMorgan
Chase Bank.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.7 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.44
|
|
Share Pledge Agreement, dated as of February 22,
2007, by and among the Company and Standard Bank
Plc.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.8 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.45
|
|
First Priority Open Pledge Agreement Over Credit
Rights Derived From A Crude Oil Commercial Sales
Agreement, dated as of February 22, 2007, by and
among Gran Tierra Energy Colombia, Ltd. and
Standard Bank Plc.
|
|
Incorporated by
reference to
Exhibit 10.9 to the
current report on
Form 8-K/A filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
6, 2007 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.46
|
|
Contract between Ecopetrol S.A., and Argosy Energy
International, for the sale of crude oil, dated
December 1, 2006
|
|
Filed herewith. |
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
|
Reference |
10.47
|
|
Palmar Largo Assignment Agreement, dated September
1, 2005, between Don Won Corporation (Sucursal
Argentina), and Gran Tierra Inc.
|
|
Filed herewith. |
|
|
|
|
|
21.1
|
|
List of subsidiaries.
|
|
Incorporated
by reference to
Exhibit 21.1 to the
Annual Report on
Form 10-KSB filed
with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission on March
10, 2006 (File No.
333-111656). |
|
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|
31.1
|
|
Certificate of the President and Chief
Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31.2
|
|
Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant
to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32.1
|
|
Certification of the President and Chief Executive
Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32.2
|
|
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002. |
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* |
|
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. |