SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
(Mark one)
( )
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REGISTRATION
STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 (b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
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ACT
OF 1934
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or
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(X)
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ANNUAL
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
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EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
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For
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004
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or
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( )
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TRANSITION
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT
OF
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1934
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Commission
file number 0-17444
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AKZO
NOBEL N.V.
(Exact name of registrant
as specified in its charter)
The Netherlands | |
(Jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization
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76
Velperweg, 6824 BM ARNHEM
(Address of
principal executive offices)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class |
Name
of each exchange on which registered
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American Depositary Shares |
NASDAQ/NMS
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Common shares of EUR 2 each |
NASDAQ/NMS*
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Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of capital or common shares as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:
Common shares, par value EUR 2 per share | 286,147,260 |
Priority shares, par value EUR 400 per share | 48 |
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to
be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements
for the past 90 days.
Yes
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No
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Indicate by check mark which financial statement itm the reistered has elected to follw.
Item
17
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Item
18
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1
Akzo Nobel N.V.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
3
PART I
The consolidated financial statements of Akzo Nobel N.V. and subsidiaries appearing in this annual report are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the Netherlands (NL GAAP). NL GAAP differ in certain respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (US GAAP). The significant differences between NL GAAP and US GAAP affecting Akzo Nobel's net income and shareholder's equity are discussed in Note 22 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Akzo Nobel.
The terms Akzo Nobel or the Company are sometimes used herein for convenience in contexts where reference is made to the consolidated companies of Akzo Nobel N.V. in general. Such terms are also used for convenience in referring to individual groups and subsidiaries.
In this annual report, unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, references to dollars, U.S. dollars and USD are to the United States currency. For convenience only (except where noted otherwise), certain euro figures have been translated into dollars at the rate of EUR 0.824 = USD 1.00, the noon buying rate in The City of New York for cable transfers in foreign currencies as announced by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for customs purposes (the Noon Buying Rate) on June 14, 2005. These translations should not be construed as a representation that the euro amounts actually represent such dollar amounts or could be converted into dollars at the rate indicated. On June 14, 2005, the Noon Buying Rate was EUR 0.824 = USD 1.00.
In order to utilize the Safe Harbor provisions of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Akzo Nobel is providing the following cautionary statement. This document contains certain forward-looking statements with respect to the financial condition, results of operations and business of Akzo Nobel and certain of the plans and objectives of Akzo Nobel with respect to these items. These statements may generally, but not always, be identified by the use of words such as anticipate, assume, intend, plan, project, should, expect, estimate, believe or similar expressions. In particular, among other statements, certain statements in Item 4 Information on the Company with regard to strategy, management objectives, including return on investment targets, market trends, market standing, market share estimates based on managements estimates, benefits that may result from future restructuring programs, the product volumes, the costs and expenditures related to environmental compliance or remediation, Health, Safety and Environment targets, future research and development initiatives, the Pharma pipeline, the statements in Item 8 Financial Information with regard to the outcome of disputes with tax authorities, the outcome or consequences of pending or future legal or regulatory proceedingsincluding the Remeron® cases, and antitrust investigations and other potential related lawsuitsand their effect on the Company and those statements in Item 5 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects with regard to trends in results of operations, margins, overall market and macroeconomic trends, risk management, exchange rates and objectives such as return on capital are forward-looking in nature as are all statements under Forward Looking Statement on 2005 and Item 11 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risk and uncertainty because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that will occur in the future. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or
4
implied by these forward looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, levels of business spending in major economies (as well as other developments in the economies of the Companys markets in Asia, Latin America, North America and Europe), the development in market value of pension plan assets, governmental regulations, changes in customer needs, the levels of marketing expenditures by Akzo Nobel and its competitors, the introduction of new products by competitors, raw material and employee costs, future foreign exchange and interest rates, changes in tax rates and product regulation, future business combinations, acquisitions or dispositions, environmental liabilities, and the outcome of tax disputes, antitrust investigations, potential product liability claims and other lawsuits, and wars and acts of terrorism or sabotage.
Statements made in Item 4 Information on the Company, referring to Akzo Nobels competitive position, are based on the Companys belief, and in some cases, the statements are also based on information from a range of sources, including analysts reports, independent market studies and Akzo Nobels internal assessment of market share based on publicly available information about the financial results and performance of market participants unless otherwise noted. Such references to the Companys positioning generally refer to its market share based on sales.
In the analysis of the development of sales, when compared to the previous year, the Company distinguishes between the effects from changed volumes, changed selling prices, currency translation, acquisitions, and divestments. Autonomous sales growth, which sometimes is used in the discussions in this report, is a non-GAAP measure and is defined as the change in sales attributable to changed volumes and selling prices. Autonomous sales growth excludes currency, acquisition, and divestment effects. As a result, autonomous growth numbers reflect comparable sales performance, and are used and analyzed by the Companys management for this purpose. Because of the comparability of sales performance that can be analyzed by reviewing autonomous growth numbers, the Companys management believes that these numbers are useful for those reviewing our financial performance. However, the autonomous growth numbers should not be viewed in isolation or as alternatives to the comparable GAAP measure of net sales and should be read in conjunction with such measure.
Item 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS
Not applicable.
Item 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
A. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The selected financial data set forth on the following pages are derived from previously published financial information of Akzo Nobel, including the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and for the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004, which appear elsewhere in this annual report. The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, such financial statements, including the notes thereto.
The audited consolidated financial statements of Akzo Nobel as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004, have been audited by
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KPMG Accountants N.V., independent registered public accounting firm, whose report thereon is included in Item 18. The consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, and the consolidated statements of income and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000 were also audited by KPMG Accountants N.V.; however, those balance sheets, statements of income, and statements of cash flows are not included in this Form 20-F.
Reference is made to Note 22 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements regarding differences between NL GAAP and US GAAP that affected Akzo Nobel's net income and shareholders' equity, as well as certain other lines of the Consolidated Statement of Income and the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
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Selected financial data for the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
In millions, except per share amounts |
2004
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2004
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2003
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2002 | 2001 |
2000
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USD
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EUR
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EUR
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EUR
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EUR
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EUR
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(a)
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Consolidated Income data: | ||||||||||||
Amounts in accordance with NL GAAP: | ||||||||||||
Net sales | 15,398 | 12,688 | 13,051 | 14,002 | 14,110 | 14,003 | ||||||
Operating income | 1,578 | 1,300 | 1,064 | 1,362 | 1,198 | 1,487 | ||||||
Net income | 1,039 | 856 | 602 | 818 | 671 | 947 | ||||||
Basic earnings per share / ADR (b) | 3.64 | 3.00 | 2.11 | 2.86 | 2.35 | 3.31 | ||||||
Amounts in accordance with US GAAP: | ||||||||||||
Net sales | 15,388 | 12,680 | 12,931 | 13,880 | 13,920 | 13,812 | ||||||
Operating income | 1,578 | 1,300 | 978 | 1,446 | 1,025 | 1,258 | ||||||
Net income | 1,010 | 832 | 559 | 860 | 448 | 745 | ||||||
Basic earnings per share / ADR (b)(c) | 3.53 | 2.91 | 1.96 | 3.01 | 1.57 | 2.61 | ||||||
Diluted earnings per share / ADR (b)(c) | 3.53 | 2.90 | 1.95 | 3.00 | 1.56 | 2.60 | ||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet data: | ||||||||||||
Amounts in accordance with NL GAAP: | ||||||||||||
Total assets | 15,055 | 12,405 | 11,954 | 12,789 | 12,925 | 12,707 | ||||||
Long-term borrowings | 2,903 | 2,392 | 2,677 | 2,063 | 1,941 | 2,137 | ||||||
Shareholders equity | 3,684 | 3,036 | 2,502 | 2,098 | 2,878 | 2,694 | ||||||
Amounts in accordance with US GAAP: | ||||||||||||
Total assets | 18,826 | 15,513 | 15,066 | 16,046 | 16,310 | 16,311 | ||||||
Long-term borrowings | 2,902 | 2,391 | 2,652 | 2,065 | 1,938 | 2,117 | ||||||
Shareholders equity | 7,436 | 6,127 | 5,651 | 5,455 | 6,362 | 6,368 | ||||||
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(a) | Amounts in this column have been translated solely for the convenience of the reader at the Noon |
Buying Rate on June 14, 2005, of EUR 0.824 = USD 1.00. | |
(b) | American Depositary Receipts. |
(c) | For the breakdown on earnings from continued and discontinued operations see Note 22 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under (n). |
6
The table below sets forth the number of common shares outstanding and the amounts of interim, final and total dividends declared (and the U.S.-dollar equivalents) on the common shares in respect of the fiscal years indicated.
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Number of shares | Dividends per common share | |||||||||||||||
Year
ended December 31, |
EUR | USD* | ||||||||||||||
Average
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End
of period
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Interim
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Final
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Total
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Interim
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Final
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Total
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2000
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285,902,574
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285,937,700
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0.30
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0.90
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1.20
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0.28
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0.84
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1.11
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2001
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285,888,385
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285,854,813
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0.30
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0.90
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1.20
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0.26
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0.79
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1.06
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2002
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285,827,092
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285,691,957
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0.30
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0.90
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1.20
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0.32
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0.94
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1.26
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2003
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285,691,957
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285,691,957
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0.30
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0.90
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1.20
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0.38
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1.14
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1.52
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2004
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285,745,587
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285,773,239
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0.30
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0.90
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1.20
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0.41
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1.23
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1.64
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* Dividends per common share in U.S. dollars are based on the Noon Buying Rate at December 31 of each year.
The following table sets forth for the fiscal periods indicated the average exchange rates for U.S. dollars into euros per dollar based on the applicable Noon Buying Rate.
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Year
ended
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Average*
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December
31,
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2000
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1.08
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2001
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1.12
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2002
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1.06
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2003
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0.88
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2004
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0.80
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* The average of the Noon Buying Rates on the last day of each month during the period.
The following table sets forth for the months indicated the high and low rates for U.S. dollars expressed in euros per dollar.
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High
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Low
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December 2004 |
0.76
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0.73
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January 2005 |
0.77
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0.74
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February 2005 |
0.78
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0.75
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March 2005 |
0.77
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0.74
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April 2005 |
0.78
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0.76
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May 2005 |
0.81
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0.77
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On June 14, 2005, the noon buying Rate was EUR 0.824 = USD 1.00.
Dividends, if any, will be paid in euros, and any exchange rate fluctuations may affect the USD amounts received by holders of ADRs upon conversion by the depositary of such dividends.
7
B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS
Not applicable.
C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Not applicable.
D. RISK FACTORS
This section describes some of the risks that could affect the Companys business. The factors below should be considered in connection with any forward-looking statements in the Companys Annual Report on Form 20-F and the cautionary statements contained in the introduction on pages 3 and 4. Forward looking statements can be identified generally as those containing words such as anticipate, assume, intend, plan, project, should, expect, estimate, believe, and words and terms of similar substance in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance.
Doing business inherently involves taking risks, and by taking measured risks the Company strives to be sustainable. This situation calls for creating a proper balance between entrepreneurial attitude and risk levels associated with business opportunities. The Company fosters a high awareness of business risks and internal control procedures, geared to safeguarding transparency in our operations.
- | Within Akzo Nobel, all managers at all levels are responsible for risk management as an integral part of their day-to-day operations and decisions. |
- | They are all required to identify enterprise risks affecting their businesses and to manage them adequately. |
- | The Akzo Nobel Risk Management function supports and develops the framework that enables managers to fulfill these responsibilities. |
- | Risk boundaries are governed by Akzo Nobels Company Statement, Business Principles, Internal Authority Schedules, and Corporate Directives in such areas as Finance & Control; Insurance; Health, Safety and Environment; Human Resources; Communications; and Legal. |
- | Risk reporting covers the perceived likelihood, the assessed impact, and the effectiveness of control measures in place to deal with risks. Reporting on these elements, as well as those preemptive and remedial actions is an integral part of the Companys Business Planning & Review cycle. |
- | The internal control system, audit procedures, and independent appraisals are designed to assist in maintaining the effectiveness of Akzo Nobels risk management approach. |
Our Risk Management framework complies with the Enterprise Risk Management Integrated Framework of COSO (the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission). The procedures and results are reviewed by the Board of Management and discussed in the Supervisory Board.
The diversity of businesses within Akzo Nobel leads to a large number of different risk factors, each of which may result in a material impact on a particular business unit but may not materially affect the Company as a whole. The diversity of the Companys businesses and processes may allow it to offset some risks faced by the Company. However, there can be no assurance that our Risk Management function or our diversity will mitigate any risks we may face. The risks below are not the only ones that Akzo Nobel faces. Some risks are not yet known to Akzo Nobel and some that Akzo Nobel does not currently believe to be material could later turn out to be material. All of these risks could materially affect Akzo Nobels
8
businesses, revenues, operating income, net income, net assets and liquidity and capital resources. The Companys risk management systems are focused on timely discovery of such additional risks.
The factors that could affect our financial condition or our business or could cause actual results to differ materially include the following:
The Company may face intense competition from new products and from lower-cost generic products.
The Companys products that are under patent protection face competition from competitors proprietary products. This competition may increase as new products enter the market. The Company faces increasing competition from lower-cost generic products after patents on its products expire and from low-cost producers in other business areas. Loss of patent protection typically leads to loss of sales in the products markets and could affect the Companys future results.
In December 2002, the Company lost an important court case on its major product Remeron® in the United States, which in 2003 and 2004 led to strong generic competition, loss of market share and a negative impact on performance. In the course of 2004, the Company also lost market exclusivity for Remeron® in certain countries in Europe.
As new products enter the market, the Companys products may become obsolete or competitors products may be more effective or more effectively marketed and sold than its own products. If Akzo Nobel fails to maintain its competitive position, this could have a material adverse effect on its business and results of operations.
The Companys research and development efforts may not succeed or its competitors may develop more effective or successful products.
In order to remain competitive, the Company must commit substantial resources each year to research and development through its dedicated resources as well as through various collaborations with third parties. Ongoing investments in new product launches and research and development for future products could produce higher costs without a proportional increase in revenues. Especially in the Pharma businesses, the research and development process can take from six to fourteen years, from discovery to commercial product launch. This process is conducted in various stages, and during each stage there is a substantial risk that the Company will not achieve its goals and accordingly may abandon a product for which it has spent substantial amounts.
In this context it should also be noted that certain studies prepared for the European Commission concluded that European pharmaceutical companies have not only been losing competitiveness to their U.S. peers, but also that this trend has intensified. Unlike the U.S.-based multinationals, the European pharmaceutical companies still lack the background and leverage of a single domestic (European) market. In addition, Europe has been less effective than the United States in encouraging growth of new technology suppliers and innovation specialists in such fields as combinatorial chemistry, genomics, and high-throughput screening.
The Company is looking for more partners to share the burden and success of product development in this area.
If the Company fails to continue developing commercially successful products or fails to find suitable partners, this could have a material adverse effect on the Companys business and results of operations. If
9
its competitors develop more effective products or a greater number of successful new products, or if the competitive position of its European operations changes in a negative way, this could also have a material adverse effect on the Companys business and results of operations.
On the other hand there is also risk involved with the reliance on partners for the sharing of costs and generation of revenues. If these partners do not perform in accordance with our agreements with them, this could also have a material adverse effect on the Companys business and results of operations.
It can also be the case that due to unwanted side effects of pharmaceutical products, in particular, which appear at a later stage after introduction of a product, the Company may decide or may be forced to withdraw a certain product from the market. This also could have a material adverse effect on its business and results of operation.
Product regulation may adversely affect the Companys ability to bring new products to market.
The Company and its competitors are subject to strict government controls on the development, manufacture, labeling, distribution and marketing of products. The Company must obtain and maintain regulatory approval for its pharmaceutical and other products from regulatory agencies before certain products may be sold in a particular jurisdiction. The submission of an application to a regulatory authority does not guarantee that a license to market the product will be granted. Each authority may impose its own requirements and delay or refuse to grant approval, even though a product has been approved by another country. In the Companys principal markets, the approval process for a new product is complex, lengthy and expensive. For pharmaceutical products, the time taken to obtain approval varies by country but generally takes from eight months to several years from the date of application. Regulatory delays, the inability to complete clinical trials successfully, claims and concerns about safety and efficacy, new discoveries, patents and products of competitors and related patent disputes and claims about adverse side effects are only a few of the factors that could adversely affect the realization of product registration. This increases the Companys cost in developing new products and increases the risk that it will not succeed in selling them successfully.
In this respect, the Company did not receive FDA approval for its antidepressant gepirone ER.
In light of the uncertainties in the hormone therapy area, as also reflected in a number of studies that downgrade some of the perceived positive health effects of treatments, the refiling of additional data with the FDA for Livial® 1.25 mg (U.S.) is at present to be expected at the end of 2005.
Regulations which limit the prices we may charge for our pharmaceutical products can reduce the Companys revenues and adversely affect its business and results of operations.
In addition to normal price competition in the marketplace, the prices of Akzo Nobels pharmaceutical products are restricted by price controls imposed by governments and health care providers in most countries. Price controls operate differently in different countries and can cause wide variations in prices between markets. Currency fluctuations can aggravate these differences. The existence of price controls can limit the revenues Akzo Nobel earns from its products and may have an adverse effect on its business and results of operations.
Some 30 percent of the Companys earnings are derived from the healthcare markets. In many of these countries the prices for our products are regulated. In the United States, Medicare reform could result in de facto price controls on prescription drugs. In Europe, the Companys operations are also subject to price
10
and market regulations. Many governments are introducing healthcare reforms in an attempt to curb increasing healthcare costs. In Japan, where Akzo Nobel also operates, governmental price cuts are introduced biannually. In response to rising healthcare costs, many governments and private medical care providers, such as HMOs, have instituted reimbursement schemes that favor the substitution of generic pharmaceuticals for more expensive brand-name pharmaceuticals. In the United States, generic substitution statutes have been enacted by virtually all states and permit or require the dispensing pharmacist to substitute a less expensive generic drug instead of the original brand-name drug. As a result, the Company expects pressures on its pricing and operating results in our pharmaceuticals business to continue.
Risks in production processes can adversely affect the Companys results of operations.
Certain chemical production processes are hazardous, and natural disasters, operator error or other occurrences could result in explosions, fires, or equipment failure, which could result in injury or death, or damage to property or the environment, and business interruption.
It is the Companys policy to try to mitigate production risks by spreading of production and an adequate inventory policy combined with contingency planning and appropriate risk transfer arrangements (e.g. insurances).
Losses and liabilities arising from such events, in so far as not covered by insurance, would significantly reduce the Companys revenues or increase costs and could have a material adverse effect on its operations or financial condition.
Inability to access raw materials, growth in cost and expenses for raw materials, petroleum and natural gas and changes in product mix may adversely influence the future results of the Company.
Important raw materials or auxiliary materials for the Companys production processes are salt, petroleum and petroleum derivatives, natural gas, titanium dioxide, and electricity. Some of these components are available only from a small source of suppliers. Although Akzo Nobel aims to use its purchasing power and long-term relationships with suppliers to acquire raw materials and their constant delivery at the best conditions, the Company cannot assure that it will always be able to establish or maintain good relationships with such suppliers or that such suppliers will continue to exist or be able to supply ingredients in conformity with regulatory requirements or the Companys requests. In addition, growth in the costs and expenses of these components resulting from a shortage or a change in Akzo Nobels product mix may adversely influence the Companys business and financial results. Akzo Nobel is sensitive to price movements in raw materials. In particular, energy prices pose a risk, presently still aggravated by the unstable situation in the Middle East.
A failure to manage expansion effectively could adversely affect the Companys business.
Management of the Companys growth, as well as the commencement of commercial manufacturing and marketing of the Companys forthcoming products, will require continued expansion of the Companys systems and internal controls and an increase in the Companys manufacturing, marketing and sales operations. In addition, the Company intends to continue to add new personnel. Any failure to manage growth effectively and integrate new personnel on a timely basis could adversely affect the Companys business.
11
The Company may not be able to identify future acquisitions or may not be successful in integrating acquired businesses.
As part of its business strategy, the Company periodically reviews acquisition prospects and strategic alliances that it expects to complement its existing businesses or increase its revenues. The Company does not know if it will be able to identify any future acquisitions, joint ventures or alliances. A failure to identify future transactions may impair the Companys future growth.
If the Company is unable to retain key personnel or attract new personnel, it could have an adverse effect on the Companys business.
The Companys future operating results depend in part upon its ability to attract and retain qualified management, scientific, technical, marketing, and support personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to attract and retain such personnel.
Seasonality may adversely affect the operating results of the Companys Coatings and Chemicals business.
A portion of the Companys Coatings and Chemicals business is seasonal, with sales and earnings being relatively higher during the outdoor season and lower during the indoor season. The operating results may be harmed if bad weather delays the outdoor season in the major markets in which the Company operates and the Company is not able to offset during the corresponding financial year the lag in earnings resulting from such delay.
Bad publicity and damage to the Companys brands could adversely affect its business and results of operations.
The reputation of the Companys brands is critical to its business. The success in promoting and enhancing its brands is dependent on providing safe high-quality products, particularly in the pharma business. If it fails to successfully promote its brands, or if it receives bad publicity as a result of a product liability case or publicized health or other risks associated with its products, the value of the Companys brands will be diminished. This could have a material and adverse effect on the business and results of operations.
The outcome of tax disputes, litigation, indemnification and guarantees, and regulatory action could adversely affect the Companys business and results of operations.
In December 2002, summary judgment of noninfringement was obtained by certain generic drug manufacturers, sued by the Company under the U.S. Hatch-Waxman Act, alleging inducement of infringement by such manufacturers of the Company's U.S. patent protecting the use of mirtazapine (Remeron®) in combination with one or more SSRIs for the treatment of depression. Three of the generic drug manufacturers sued by the Company filed antitrust claims against the Company as counterclaims in the infringement actions brought by the Company. In addition, antitrust claims were filed against the Company in the United States on behalf of nine large chain store and grocery store pharmacies, and by alleged classes of direct and indirect purchasers of Remeron®. These cases were consolidated in the Federal District Court of New Jersey. In addition to these cases, the state attorneys general of the States of Texas, Florida, and Oregon opened civil investigations to determine if the Company's conduct violated their respective laws and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), working with the State Attorneys General, opened a civil investigation to determine whether the Company violated federal law.
12
In April 2004, the Company reached settlements with the three generic manufacturers in an aggregate amount of USD 28 million. In September 2004, the Company reached a settlement with the indirect purchaser class (class of consumers and third party payers in the United States who paid for mirtazapine during the relevant period) for total consideration of USD 36 million. This settlement also resolved the claims and investigations of the three state attorneys general that had commenced investigations as well as the claims of all other states. The FTC announced that in light of the states settlement it was closing its investigation without taking any action. The indirect purchasers and state attorneys general settlement is subject to certain conditions including, but not limited to, approval by the Federal District Court of New Jersey. In September 2004, the Company also settled with the nine large chain store and grocery store plaintiffs. The Company continues to believe that its actions in obtaining and enforcing its intellectual property rights were appropriate. However, given the costs and risks of defending these actions, the Company took the opportunity to resolve these matters. Including legal costs the Company recognized a total pretax charge of EUR 89 million for the Remeron® cases during 2004.
The action brought by an alleged class of direct purchasers remains pending in the Federal District Court in Newark, New Jersey. In September 2004, the District Court entered an order dismissing three of the five claims brought by those direct purchasers while denying the plaintiffs motion for partial summary judgment. In February 2005 the District Court entered an order denying the plaintiffs motion for partial summary judgment on the issue of establishing monopoly power and granting the Companys motion for summary judgment with respect to establishing monopoly power via the direct evidence approach. The Court indicated that it would address the Companys pending motion for summary judgment with respect to the traditional market definition approach in a future opinion. That motion, as well as the Companys motion for summary judgment addressed to plaintiffs two remaining claims, remain outstanding, as does the plaintiffs motion for class certification and its motion for partial summary judgment with respect to an aspect of one of its claims. No trial date has been set. The Company will continue to defend the remaining claims vigorously.
There are pending against Akzo Nobel N.V. and its subsidiaries a number of other claims, all of which are contested. The Company is also involved in disputes with tax authorities in several jurisdictions. Furthermore, in the context of the divestitures of businesses the relevant Akzo Nobel companies have agreed to indemnify and/or provide guarantees to the buyers (and/or their successors and assigns) regarding certain representations and warranties or developments.
While the outcome of these claims, disputes, indemnifications and guarantees cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes, based upon legal advice and information received, that the final outcome will not materially affect the consolidated financial position of the Company but could be material to the Companys result of operations or cashflows in any one accounting period.
The Company will be responsible for any liabilities arising out of antitrust litigation.
Akzo Nobel is involved in investigations by the antitrust authorities in the European Union, the United States, and Canada into alleged violations of the respective antitrust laws for some products in these jurisdictions. The Company is fully cooperating with the authorities in these investigations. In addition, the Company is defending civil damage claims in relation to some of these alleged antitrust violations. At December 31, 2003, the Company had a provision for antitrust cases of EUR 75 million. Fines, civil damage settlements, and legal costs incurred in 2004 in connection with these cases amounted to EUR 5 million (2003: EUR 27 million).
13
In 2004, based on an estimate of probable fines, civil damage claims, and costs to be paid over a number of years to cometaking into account legal advice and the current facts and circumstancesthe Company added EUR 110 million to the provision for antitrust cases. This addition to the provision also includes amounts related to the fines of EUR 21 million, imposed by the European Commission in December 2004 in connection with Akzo Nobel companies alleged involvement in a cartel for choline chloride, and of EUR 84.5 million, imposed by the European Commission in January 2005 for alleged involvement in a monochloroacetic acid cartel. The Company has appealed both decisions. At December 31, 2004, the provision for antitrust cases amounted to EUR 180 million.
In January 2005 the Company received a Statement of Objections by the EU Commission regarding an alleged EU cartel in Hydrogen Peroxide and Persalts. In this case as well as in investigations by the US DOJ and the Canadian Bureau of Competition into alleged antitrust violations in Hydrogen Peroxide in North America the Company is fully cooperating with the authorities. The Company believes that discussions with the US DOJ regarding a possible disposition of the matter may be finalized in the next few months.
It should be understood, however, that in light of possible future developments such as (a) the outcome of investigations of the various antitrust authorities, (b) potential additional lawsuits by (direct or indirect) purchasers, (c) possible future civil settlements, and (d) rulings or judgments in the pending investigations or in related civil suits, the antitrust cases may result in additional liabilities and related costs. However, the Company at this point in time cannot estimate any additional amount of loss or range of loss in excess of the recorded amounts with sufficient certainty to allow such amount or range of amounts to be meaningful. Moreover, if and to the extent that the contingent liabilities materialize, they are typically paid over a number of years and the timing of such payments cannot be predicted with confidence. The Company believes that the aggregate amount of any additional fines and civil damages to be paid will not materially affect the Company's financial position. The aggregate amount, however, could be material to the Company's results of operations or cash flows in any one accounting period.
With regard to Flexsys, a 50/50 joint venture for rubber chemicals with Solutia Inc., authorities in the United States, Canada, and Europe are investigating alleged antitrust violations in the rubber chemicals industry. We have been informed by Flexsys management that it is cooperating with the authorities and will continue to do so. In April 2005 both Flexsys and the Company received a Statement of Objections by the EU Commission. Based on this Statement of Objections the Company has reason to believe that Flexsys and the Company will not be fined by the EU Commission. We are also aware of a number of purported class actions and individual actions having been filed against Flexsys in federal court (by direct purchasers) and in various state courts (by alleged indirect purchasers) in the United States, and in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, Canada. We are informed that fifteen of the U.S. state court actions have been dismissed against Flexsys on various grounds and that motions to dismiss or otherwise dispose of the remaining cases are still pending in seven remaining state cases. The Company is named as codefendant in the federal actions and in one state action in Tennessee. Flexsys has entered a settlement agreement with the plaintiffs in the federal class action, subject to certain conditions including but not limited to final court approval. (currently scheduled for June 21, 2005). The settlement resolves the plaintiffs claims against the Company. Flexsys has recognized certain provisions for these cases and the Company does not believe that it will be liable for funding any judgments against, settlements made by, or related costs incurred by Flexsys. The carrying value of the Companys investment in Flexsys, however, may be affected by these cases.
14
Product liability claims could adversely affect the Companys business and results of operations.
Given the widespread impact that brand-name drugs have on the health of patient populations, pharmaceutical and medical devices companies have historically been subject to large product-liability claims and settlements caused by the use of their products. The Company also runs the risk of product liability claims from its Coatings and Chemicals products. The Company is currently involved in a number of product liability cases claiming damages as a result of its products. It believes that any reasonably foreseeable unaccrued costs and liabilities associated with such matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Companys consolidated financial position but could be materially adverse to its results of operations. There can, however, be no assurance that a future product liability claim or series of claims that are not fully covered by insurance would not have an adverse effect on the Companys business or results of operations.
The Companys business will continue to expose it to risks of environmental liabilities.
The Company uses hazardous materials, chemicals, biological and toxic compounds in its product development programs and manufacturing processes, which have exposed it, and in the future could expose it, to risks of accidental contamination and events of noncompliance with environmental laws and regulatory enforcement, and personal injury and property damage claims resulting therefrom. If an accident occurred or if the Company were to discover contamination caused by prior operations, it could be liable for cleanup obligations, damages or fines, which could have an adverse effect on its business and results of operations.
The environmental laws of many jurisdictions impose actual and potential obligations on the Company to remediate contaminated sites. These obligations may relate to sites: | |
- | that the Company currently owns or operates; |
- | that the Company formerly owned or operated; or |
- | where waste from the Companys operations was disposed. |
These environmental remediation obligations could significantly reduce the Companys operating results. In particular, the provisions and accruals for these obligations may be insufficient if the assumptions underlying the accruals prove incorrect or if the Company is held responsible for additional, currently undiscovered contamination.
Stricter environmental, safety and health laws and enforcement policies could result in substantial costs and increase potential liabilities of the Company, and could subject the Companys handling, manufacture, use, reuse or disposal of substances or pollutants to more rigorous scrutiny than is currently the case.
Consequently, compliance with these laws could result in significant capital expenditures as well as other costs and liabilities, thereby harming Akzo Nobels business and operating results.
Exchange rate fluctuations can have a harmful impact on the Companys financial results.
The Company has operations in more than 80 countries throughout the world. As a result, a substantial portion of its assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses are denominated in various currencies other than the euro, principally the U.S. dollar, the British pound, the Swedish krona, the Japanese yen, and Latin American and Asian currencies. Because the Companys financial statements are denominated in euro, fluctuations in currency exchange rates could have a material impact on its reported results.
15
The Companys financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected if the Company does not successfully mitigate risks associated with interest rate changes.
A portion of the Companys investments, loans and borrowings bear interest on a non-fixed basis. Accordingly, changes in interest rates can affect the cost of these interest-bearing investments, loans and borrowings. The Company mitigates interest risk by financing noncurrent assets and a certain portion of current assets with equity, long-term liabilities and long-term borrowings with fixed interest rates. In the event that this strategy is not successful, the business, financial condition and operating results of the Company could be materially and adversely affected as a result of changes in interest rates.
Adverse stock market developments may affect assets of pension funds, causing higher pension charges and pension premiums payable.
The Company has a number of defined benefit pension plans, covering the majority of its employees. Plan assets principally consist of long-term interest-earning investments, quoted equity securities, and real estate. The performance of stock markets could have a material impact on the Companys financial statements as some 45 percent of plan assets are equity securities. The poor performance of the stock markets in 2001 and 2002 had a negative influence on the investment results of Akzo Nobels pension funds, resulting in additional pension charges, pension premiums and payments to such funds. The pension charges in 2002 were EUR 80 million higher than in 2001, while pension charges for 2003 were EUR 130 million higher than in 2002. Furthermore, the Company recognized an additional minimum unfunded pension liability of EUR 1.8 billion (pre-tax), at December 31, 2002.
As a result of some recovery of the stock markets in 2003, pension charges for 2004 were EUR 50 million lower than in 2003. Due to further recovery of the stock markets in 2004, 2005 pension charges will be EUR 50 million lower than in 2004 (based on International Financial Reporting Standards, under which the Company will report as from January 1, 2005). The additional minimum unfunded pension liability at December 31, 2004, decreased to EUR 1.2 billion (pre-tax).
A downgrading by credit rating agencies could result in higher financing costs or reduced availability of credit.
At present the Companys long-term credit rating from Moodys is A3 with a short-term rating of P-2, both with a so-called stable outlook. The current long-term credit rating from Standard & Poors is A- and their short-term rating is A-2, both with a so-called negative outlook.
The present rating is three notches above the so-called high-yield zone. However, if the Companys rating would decline or would approach or enter the high-yield zone, this would result in increased financing costs for the Company and could also reduce availability of credit, especially at commercially acceptable rates.
A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities. The rating may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating organization. Each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating.
16
Because the Company conducts international operations, it is exposed to a variety of risks, many of them beyond its control, that could adversely affect its business.
Akzo Nobel is a global company with operations in Europe, North America, Latin America, Asia, the Middle East and Africa. In addition to general business risk and the risks described in this section, the Companys international operations are subject to a variety of potential risks including: political and economic instability, the risk of hyperinflation in some countries, currency and interest-rate fluctuations, lack of local business experience, difficulty in enforcing property rights, local security concerns, and language and other cultural barriers. In addition, changes in the tax laws of some countries where the Company does business can affect the Companys net income.
Item 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
Akzo Nobel N.V. is a public limited liability company (Naamloze Vennootschap) organized under the law of the Netherlands for an indefinite period. The principal executive offices of Akzo Nobel N.V. are located at Velperweg 76, 6824 BM Arnhem, the Netherlands. Its telephone number is +31 (26) 366 4433 and the fax number is +31 (26) 366 3250. The E-mail address is ACC@akzonobel.com. The address of the Companys website is www.akzonobel.com. Any correspondence regarding this Annual Report on Form 20-F should be directed to the Company Secretary.
The name and address of the person authorized to receive notices and communications from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is:
M. Kennith Frank III | ||
SVP and General Counsel Akzo Nobel Inc. | ||
Akzo Nobel Inc. | ||
7 Livingstone Avenue | ||
Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522-2222 | ||
+1 (914) 674-5181 | ||
Copies to: | ||
A. Jan A.J. Eijsbouts | and | Richard C. Morrissey, Esq. |
General Counsel | Sullivan & Cromwell LLP | |
Akzo Nobel N.V. | 1 New Fetter Lane, London EC4A 1AN | |
Velperweg 76 | United Kingdom | |
6824 BM Arnhem | + 44 (207) 959 8900 | |
The Netherlands | ||
+31 (26) 366 2730 |
OVERVIEW
Akzo Nobel is an international company that serves customers around the world with healthcare products, coatings, and chemicals.
Headquartered in the Netherlands, Akzo Nobel had activities in more than 80 countries and employed 63,600 people during 2004. Sales in 2004 were EUR 12.7 billion, with Pharma, Coatings, and Chemicals accounting for EUR 3.2 billion, EUR 5.2 billion, and EUR 4.3 billion, respectively.
17
In the pharmaceutical industry, Akzo Nobel is smaller than many of its competitors, but it has significant positions in products for female reproductive therapy and anesthesiology. Akzo Nobel believes that based on sales it is the largest coatings producer in the world; its products and markets vary widely from architectural paints in some countries to industrial coatings in others. In the chemical products industry, Akzo Nobel is a significant competitor in a number of markets, and on a global basis the Company competes with a number of larger chemical companies.
Demand for Akzo Nobel's products, particularly its chemical and coatings products, is generally reflective of the overall health of economies in Western Europe, the United States, and Asia, and is, except for certain Coatings and Chemicals activities, generally not seasonal in nature.
It is Akzo Nobels objective to develop or acquire new and defend existing leading positions in its markets, while maintaining structural long-term profitability. In addition to its core business, the Company focuses on the development of new and improved products in major growth sectors that draw on the Companys technological and marketing know-how. The Company is pursuing expansion in Eastern Europe, SouthEast Asia and Latin America.
A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY
Akzo was created in 1969, out of the merger between AKU N.V. (AKU) and Koninklijke Zout-Organon N.V., and in 1994 it was renamed Akzo Nobel, after the merger with Nobel Industries AB (Nobel).
AKU N.V. was founded in 1911 under the name of N.V. Nederlandsche Kunstzijdefabriek. Over the years this company grew into an international concern with interests in the field of cellulose fibers and, following the Second World War, synthetic textile and carpet fibers as well as industrial fibers. At the time of the 1969 merger, AKU's principal countries of operation were the Netherlands, Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain and several Latin American countries, where activities were often carried out through joint ventures with local partners.
Koninklijke Zout-Organon N.V. was set up in 1967 as a holding company in connection with the merger between Koninklijke Zout-Ketjen N.V. and N.V. Koninklijke Zwanenberg-Organon. Koninklijke Zout-Ketjen N.V. had interests in companies active in salt refining, basic chemicals, specialty chemicals and coatings. While these companies were mainly active in the Netherlands, they had built up major export positions at the time of the merger. N.V. Koninklijke Zwanenberg-Organon consisted of companies active in food/nonfood products and chemical products and of pharmaceutical companies producing brand-name drugs, nonprescription products and raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry.
Nobel was formed in 1984 through the merger of Bofors (established in 1646) and KemaNobel, founded in 1871. At the time of the merger with Akzo in 1994, Nobel was a leading European producer of chemicals (pulp and paper chemicals and surfactants) and coatings (paints for professional and consumer markets, industrial coatings and industrial products). Nobel had operations in more than 30 countries.
In July 1998, Akzo Nobel acquired Courtaulds plc (Courtaulds), an international chemical company with leading positions in high-tech industrial coatings and man-made fibers. Its best known brands, International Paints, Courtelle acrylic fibers, and Tencel®, a new cellulosic fiber, were included in the acquisition. Courtaulds, which was founded in 1816 as a silk weaving company, pioneered the global man-made fiber industry at the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1960s Courtaulds acquired International Paint and Pinchin Johnson.
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In November 1999, the Company acquired Hoechst Roussel Vet (HR Vet), the veterinary business of Hoechst AG. Through this acquisition, Intervet, the veterinary medicines business of Akzo Nobel became a significant player in the veterinary medicines business.
After the Courtaulds acquisition, the fibers operations of Akzo Nobel and Courtaulds were combined into a separate organization, named Acordis. At December 31, 1999, Acordis was sold to a newly established company. Akzo Nobel retained a stakeat present of some 20 percentin this company, which is gradually divesting its activities.
In September 2003, we announced the plans to divest the Catalysts, Phosphorus Chemicals, and Coating Resins businesses to create room to maneuver and improve the Companys balance sheet. Together, these solid and profitable businesses represented EUR 0.8 billion in consolidated sales, on an annual basis. In 2004 the divestments were completed generating approximately EUR 1.0 billion.
In February 2005, the new strategic focus for Chemicals was announced, which will result in a smaller, but stronger, portfolio. As a consequence of this new focus, the Company intends to divest several businesses that do not fit in this new strategy, including Ink and Adhesive Resins, Oleochemicals, Salt Specialties, PVC Additives, Solar Salt Australia, and Methyl Amines/Choline Chloride. All the activities earmarked for divestment represent a total of around EUR 700 million in 2004 sales.
Over the years, Akzo Nobel acquired and divested numerous other activities and businesses, which all were of a much lesser size than the ones mentioned above. For recent acquisitions and divestments reference is made to Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
For a list of the Companys subsidiaries, see Exhibit 8 to this Report, which is incorporated by reference herein.
B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW
Operations are organized in three groups on the basis of affinity between activities: Pharma, Coatings and Chemicals. Within each group the activities are carried out in business units.
The Board of Management is the highest executive authority. At the corporate level, key tasks are coordinated in the fields of strategy; finance; control; human resources; technology; legal affairs and intellectual property; communications; health, safety, and environment; information management; and risk and insurance management.
STRATEGY
Akzo Nobel is a diversified multicultural group of companies with activities in pharma, coatings, and chemicals. Our ambition is to create above average economic value over the business cycle. We strive to be a company which talented, ambitious people are proud to work for. We also want to be a company that is respected in the societies in which it operates.
Capital allocation is focused on building sustainable leading business positions, reflected in attractive growth, returns significantly above the costs of capital, and substantial operational cash flows. We actively restructure and divest activities that do not meet these criteria. We are led by medium- to long-term value creation.
19
We develop competitive advantages by combining the focus and entrepreneurial spirit of a decentralized business unit organization with the scale and power of a corporate center that provides access to global capital markets, managerial talent, and best practice management processes.
Our deeply ingrained business principles are the expression of a strong, shared international culture. They give us guidance in the complex, ever changing global environment in which we operate.
We regularly evaluate the added value of the composition of our portfolio in a pragmatic way, driven by our value creation principle. As in the past, we will not shy away from bold moves.
Pharma Group
Our human healthcare activities are experiencing a period of declining sales. As a consequence, we have lowered the cost base and will continue to critically scrutinize the organization for further adjustments. At the same time we will continue to invest heavily in R&D to boost our pipeline. We will focus on in-licensing in areas where we have strong market positions but lack sufficient products. On the other hand, we are actively out-licensing and partnering in areas where we have limited development and marketing capabilities. We are focused on restoring growth in the medium term through the quality of our pipeline.
We have integrated Organon and Diosynth effective January 2005. Diosynth is our focused niche player in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients market and our main biotech activity. Diosynths third-party business will be continued under the name Diosynth. The integration will enable us to combine existing biotechnology competencies and reduce the complexity of our organization.
We are the third largest company in animal health in the world. We aim to remain a global leader through autonomous growth, aided by our strong commitment to R&D, andwhere appropriateacquisitions.
Pharmas medium-term financial targets are a return on sales (ROS) of around 17.5 percent and a return on investment (ROI) of 35 percent. For the long term, we strive for a ROS of over 20 percent and a ROI of 40 percent. In 2004, ROS1 and ROI2 were 12 percent and 16 percent, respectively.
Coatings Group
Our coatings business is the world leader. It embraces most of the markets in both consumer and industrial applications for paints and coatings.
We are focusing on growth in the emerging markets of Asia, Eastern and Central Europe, and South and Central America through autonomous development and acquisitions. We will also continue to enhance our presence in the mature markets through selected acquisitions.
Our ambition is to remain market leader and to participate in the worldwide consolidation of the coatings industry, which we believe is inevitably necessary because our supplier and customer base strengthens globally.
1 | ROS is operating income divided by 1 percent of net sales. |
2 | ROI is operating income
divided by 1 percent of the average invested capital at the beginning and
end of the year. Invested capital is total assets less cash and cash equivalents, less current liabilities, and exclusive of amounts related to the minimum pension liability. |
20
Our medium-term financial target is 25 percent ROI, leading in due course to around 30 percent. In 2004, ROI was 17.5 percent. However, excluding restructuring and impairment charges, ROI was 20.5 percent.
Chemicals Group
We have a wide spread of activities within our chemicals portfolio with a mixture of good leadership positions and several smaller market penetrations. The financial returns from the various businesses also differ. We are making a determined effort to streamline and fine-tune our Chemicals portfolio by concentrating on actively growing profitable businesses which we have identified within selected strategic markets. This will result in us exiting noncore businesses and rationalizing the support structure around the selected core platforms.
The leading guideline is to focus on profitable growth in those markets where we have a competitive advantage and should achieve sustainable, above-average financial returns.
In February 2005, we announced that as a consequence of this new focus, the Company intends to divest several businesses that do not fit in this new strategy, including Ink and Adhesive Resins, Oleochemicals, Salt Specialties, PVC Additives, Solar Salt Australia, and Methyl Amines/Choline Chloride. All the activities earmarked for divestment represent a total of around EUR 700 million in 2004 sales.
Our financial target is to achieve a ROI of around 17.5 percent over the economic cycle. In 2004, ROI was 33 percent. Excluding gains on divestments and restructuring and impairment charges, ROI was 15 percent.
BUSINESS UNITS
The business units and their products (as at December 31, 2004) are summarized below:
PHARMA GROUP
Organon
| Brand-name prescription pharmaceuticals in the fields of contraceptives and infertility treatment, hormone therapy (HT) and osteoporosis, CNS products (antidepressants, antipsychotics), and muscle relaxants. |
Intervet
| Veterinary vaccines and pharmaceuticals. |
Diosynth
| Complex active pharmaceutical ingredients based on chemicals and biochemical processes. |
As of January 1, 2005, Organon and Diosynth were integrated in one business unit, which combines Pharmas know-how, especially in the biotechnology area, and simplifies supply chain management.
21
COATINGS GROUP
Decorative Coatings
|
Coatings
for decoration and protection of architectural structures for professional
uses and the do-it-yourself sector.
|
Industrial Finishes
| Coatings for industrial applications on wood and sheet metal (coil coatings). |
Powder Coatings
|
Powder
coatings for industrial application in architectural automotive, domestic
appliance and other industrial markets such as coatings for pipes.
|
Car Refinishes
| Finishes for passenger cars, commercial transportation, and automotive plastic components. |
Marine & Protective Coatings
| Coatings for protection and decoration of hulls, interiors, and superstructures of ships and yachts, aerospace coatings, protective coatings, and fire-retardant products for large plants and offshore installations. |
Nobilas
| Car accident management services. |
As from January 1, 2005, Nobilas has been moved from the Coatings group to Other.
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CHEMICALS GROUP
Pulp and Paper Chemicals
|
Pulp
bleaching chemicals and chemicals for the manufacture of paper and board;
specialty resins for
adhesives and polymer manufacturing; high performance separation products
for pharmaceuticals.
|
Functional Chemicals
| Chelates, micronutrients, flame retardants, animal feed additives, PVC additives, and intermediates such as carbon disulfide, monochloroacetic acid, methyl amines and ethylene amines. |
Surface Chemistry
|
Surfactants
and fatty acids used in detergents, cleaning, and personal care, as well
as in asphalt production
and the agro, oil, mining, and textile industries; cellulosic specialties
such as thickeners and
additives for coatings, building materials, pharmaceutical products, food,
mining and oil.
|
Base Chemicals
| Chlorine and caustic soda for industrial applications. |
Polymer Chemicals
|
Polymerization
catalysts such as organic peroxides, metal alkyls, and custom-manufactured
Ziegler-Natta systems for the polymer-producing industry; high-purity
metal organics for the electronic
industry, and intermediates for pharmaceutical products.
|
Salt
| High quality salt for electrolysis, other chemical industries, food applications, and consumer use. |
Energy
| Supply of energy (cogeneration) and other utilities. |
In February 2005, we announced that we will streamline the Chemicals portfolio in order to competitively realign the business for growth, profitability, and leadership positions in selected markets. These efforts will result in a smaller portfolio that is stronger, creates more value, and is better structured to meet our financial expectations. The Chemicals activities will be concentrated in five business units: Pulp & Paper Chemicals, Polymer Chemicals, Surfactants, Functional Chemicals, and Base Chemicals (the latter will comprise the Chlor-Alkali, Electrolysis Salt, and Energy businesses). We are committed to ensure that leading positionswhich are key to our new strategywill be established or consolidated. Expansion in growth markets such as China will also be prioritized.
As a consequence of this new focus, the Company intends to divest several businesses that do not fit this new strategy, including Ink and Adhesive Resins, Oleochemicals, Salt Specialties, PVC Additives, Solar Salt Australia, and Methyl Amines/Choline Chloride. All the activities earmarked for divestment represent a total of around EUR 700 million in 2004 sales, and any bids will be expected to reflect the value of the businesses concerned.
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ACTIVITIES OF AKZO NOBEL
Industry Segment Information
Akzo Nobel's financial reporting and industry segment information consists of results from the following groups: "Pharma", "Coatings" and "Chemicals". The information presented below illustrates the relative importance of the individual groups.
|
||||||||||||
Net sales | Operating income | |||||||||||
Millions of euros |
2004
|
20031
|
20021
|
2004
|
20031
|
20021
|
||||||
|
||||||||||||
Pharma | 3,246 | 3,550 | 4,008 | 398 | 538 | 747 | ||||||
Coatings | 5,249 | 5,160 | 5,444 | 360 | 369 | 424 | ||||||
Chemicals | 4,305 | 4,470 | 4,675 | 762 | 257 | 270 | ||||||
Miscellaneous products, intragroup deliveries, non- | ||||||||||||
allocated items and eliminations | (112 | ) | (129 | ) | (125 | ) | (220 | ) | (100 | ) | (79 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total | 12,688 | 13,051 | 14,002 | 1,300 | 1,064 | 1,362 | ||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment | ||||||||||||||||||
Identifiable assets | Expenditures | Depreciation | ||||||||||||||||
Millions of euros |
2004
|
20031
|
20021
|
2004
|
20031
|
20021
|
2004
|
20031
|
20021
|
|||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
Pharma | 2,999 | 3,153 | 3,195 | 158 | 210 | 297 | 151 | 158 | 152 | |||||||||
Coatings | 3,088 | 3,008 | 3,290 | 122 | 124 | 128 | 119 | 136 | 145 | |||||||||
Chemicals | 2,763 | 3,310 | 3,605 | 269 | 241 | 251 | 260 | 295 | 316 | |||||||||
Miscellaneous products, | ||||||||||||||||||
nonallocated and | ||||||||||||||||||
eliminations, including | ||||||||||||||||||
cash and cash | ||||||||||||||||||
equivalents | 3,237 | 2,130 | 2,208 | 2 | 6 | 13 | 10 | 10 | 9 | |||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
12,087 | 11,601 | 12,298 | 551 | 581 | 689 | 540 | 599 | 622 | ||||||||||
Nonconsolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
companies | 318 | 353 | 491 | |||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
Total | 12,405 | 11,954 | 12,789 | 551 | 581 | 689 | 540 | 599 | 622 | |||||||||
|
Percent of total net sales and total operating income
|
||||||||||||
Net sales | Operating income | |||||||||||
2004
|
20031
|
20021
|
2004
|
20031
|
20021
|
|||||||
|
||||||||||||
Pharma | 26 | 27 | 29 | 31 | 50 | 55 | ||||||
Coatings | 41 | 40 | 39 | 28 | 35 | 31 | ||||||
Chemicals | 34 | 34 | 33 | 58 | 24 | 20 | ||||||
Miscellaneous products and nonallocated | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (17 | ) | (9 | ) | (6 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||||||
|
1 | 2003 and 2002 figures have been adjusted for a minor regrouping of activities between Coatings and Chemicals. |
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Below a summary of the activities of each group is given. For more details on Akzo Nobels activities, reference is made to Business Review and Developments at Business Units. See Item 5 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects for a discussion on factors affecting comparability between periods.
Description of Pharma's Business
Akzo Nobels healthcare activities extend around the world. It engages in research, development, manufacturing, sales, and service in strategic areas of human and animal healthcare. These include prescription medicines, veterinary products, as well as complex active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Major
Product Lines
|
Key
Products/Applications
|
Competitive
Position*
|
||||
|
|
|
||||
Prescription drugs, veterinary products, and complex active pharmaceutical ingredients | | Contraceptives, infertility treatment, hormone therapy (HT) and osteoporosis, CNS products (antidepressants, antipsychotics), and muscle relaxants | | Among top three suppliers of hormonal contraceptives, second largest in infertility products; among top five players in HT; investing for growth in CNS; world leader in neuromuscular relaxants | ||
| Veterinary vaccines, and pharmaceuticals | | Worlds third-largest supplier of veterinary products; leading in veterinary vaccines | |||
| Complex active pharmaceutical ingredients | | Leading supplier of steroids and synthetic peptides, strong in heparins, and biopharmaceuticals |
* | See the cautionary statements and the remarks on how the Company determined its competitive positions under Introduction on pages 3 and 4. |
Pharma continues to work hard to reduce the complexity within its business units and improve operational efficiencies. U.S. dollar weakness and increasingly stiff competition, especially for Remeron® made these steps all the more important. The new strategy developed in 2003 was actively pursued with priorities for a clear focus on leading positions, alliances to strengthen our growth opportunities in other areas, and aggressive cost cutting.
Akzo Nobels business unit Organon has an international reputation based on quality products and innovative R&D. It is among a very few international companies conducting research into contraception. Sold as Desogen® in the United States, Marvelon® is one of the worlds most prescribed contraceptive pills. However, sales of our oral contraceptives have been adversely affected by generic competition in the United States. NuvaRing®, our contraceptive vaginal ring, was launched in the United States and Europe in 2002 and over 2003 and 2004 gathered sales momentum. The Company also produces fertility products and medicines for the treatment of menopausal complaints and, as an innovator in the field of psychiatric drugs, is marketing antidepressant Remeron®. However, after an unfavorable court ruling in December 2002 for Remeron®, this product lost its market exclusivity in the United States and has faced intense generic competition. In 2004, Remeron® also lost market exclusivity in certain countries in Europe.
In the fourth quarter of 2003, the Company concluded an agreement with Pfizer, whereby Pfizer and Organon will collaborate on the clinical development and manufacturing of asenapine, and co-promote the product in the United States, European Union, Japan and other markets. Asenapine is a potentially new
25
psychotropic medication for the treatment of a variety of disorders that is in Phase III1 trials for schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Pfizer made an initial payment of USD 100 million (EUR 88 million) in December 2003. The agreement with Pfizer also provides for additional milestone payments of up to USD 270 million, contingent upon gaining further regulatory approvals and the launch of asenapine in the United States, Europe and Japan, as well as the attainment of certain agreed sales levels.
Together with Sanofi-Synthélabo, the Company developed the new antithrombotic (pentasaccharide) Arixtra®, which has been approved and launched in the U.S. and Europe. Early in 2004, Organon transferred to Sanofi-Synthélabo its remaining rights and development obligations for Arixtra® and other oligosaccharides, such as idraparinux (SanOrg 34006), in exchange for revenues based on future sales from jointly developed antithrombotic products.
Diosynth is a leading manufacturer of complex active pharmaceutical ingredients, with production facilities in several countries. The company is active in biochemical extraction and purification, fermentation, industrial cell culture, and organic synthesis. Diosynths main products are heparin, insulin, gonadotropic hormones, steroids, synthetic peptides, carbohydrates, and opiate analogs. Through the acquisition of Covance Biotechnology Services Inc (in 2001), the Company believes that Diosynth has sufficient size and products to play a leading role in the developing biopharmaceutical market segment. In 2003 and 2004, Diosynth was increasingly confronted with deteriorating conditions in third-party markets for both chemical and biotech products, and with lower captive demand from Organon. To address this situation, restructuring programs were carried out in 2004.
In January 2005, we completed the integration of Diosynth and Organon. The integrated business unit combines Pharmas know-how, especially in the biotechnology area, and simplifies supply chain management. Third-party customers of Diosynth will continue to be served under the Diosynth name.
Intervet focuses on the veterinary medicine market, with vaccines for cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, poultry, fish and pets, endocrine fertility products, corticosteroids and antibiotics, including injectors for treating mastitis and metritis. The acquisition of Hoechst Roussel Vet, in November 1999, complemented the product range with specialty medical products for both pets and livestock, and feed additives for livestock. Intervet has an international reputation and works closely with leading research institutes, universities, and other companies. In May 2003, a new vaccine production facility in DeSoto, Kansas, was opened.
In 2002, we decided to enter the human vaccine business because it is a growth market and because we can benefit from our experience in vaccines and biotechnology in general. Based on doses, Intervet is the largest vaccine producer in the world and in terms of sales it is number five. The start-up business, Nobilon, is housed in a new vaccine production facility in Boxmeer, which was opened in December 2003. Nobilon will focus initially on human vaccines. Sales by Nobilon from its own products, however, are not anticipated until after 2007. In the interim, the facility will produce antigens for veterinary vaccines.
The current research and development pipeline of Akzo Nobel Pharma is stated below. The content of the drug development portfolio will change over time as new compounds progress from research to development and from development to market. Owing to the nature of the drug development process, it is not unusual for some compounds, especially those in the early stages of investigation, to be terminated as they progress through development.
1 | Large comparative study (compound versus placebo and/or established treatment) in patients to establish clinical benefit and safety. |
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The following is the current pipeline (Phase II and later).
Project
|
Description
|
Phase
|
Human healthcare | ||
Reproductive Health | ||
Org 3236 + TU | Male fertility control | II |
Org 36286 | Long-acting ovulation inducer | III |
Org 50081 | Serotonin -2- blocker (hot flashes) | III |
Livial® | Selective tissue estrogenic activity regulator | III (approved outside the United States) |
Implanon® | Progestogen implant | Approvable in United States (approved outside the United States) |
Psychiatry | ||
Org 24448 | AMPA receptor modulator | II |
Org 34517 | HPA axis modulator | II |
Org 50081 | Serotonin -2- blocker (sleep disorders) | II |
Asenapine | Dopaminergic, adrenergic and serotonergic antagonist | III (collaboration with Pfizer) |
Anesthesia | ||
Org 25969 | Muscle relaxant binding agent | III |
Cardiovascular | ||
Org 42675 | Dual inhibitor (anti-IIA/anti-Xa) | II |
Active pharmaceuticals ingredients | Many products in various stages of development, in general on a contract manufacturing basis in the areas of biotechnology, synthetic peptides and steroids | |
Veterinary products | Numerous new products (vaccines and pharmaceuticals) in various stages of development |
Explanatory remarks
Phase II | Determination of close and initial evaluation of efficacy, conducted in a small number of patients. |
Phase III | Large comparative study (compound versus placebo and/or established treatment) in patients to establish clinical benefit and safety. |
Filed | Marketing authorization application (Europe) or new drug application (United States) filed with regulatory authorities. |
Approvable | The FDA in principle has a positive opinion on the product but has some additional questions, which may of may not imply additional clinical studies. Also the labeling might still be subject of discussion. |
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Description of Coatings' Business
Akzo Nobel is a leading producer of paints, finishes, stains, and synthetic resins for industrial applications, professional painters, and the do-it-yourself sector. Product areas are decorative/architectural paint, car refinishes, liquid and powder coatings for industrial use (on wood, plastics and metal), marine and yacht coatings, protective coatings, aerospace coatings, and industrial and consumer adhesives.
Major Product Lines | Key Products/Applications | Competitive Position* | ||||
|
|
|
||||
Coatings and related products | | Coatings for decoration and protection of architectural structures | | Market leader in Europe | ||
| Powder coatings, coatings for wood, metal, coil and plastics, and non-stick coatings | | World leader in selected markets | |||
| Coatings for protection and decoration of hulls, interiors, and superstructures for ships and yachts, aerospace coatings, protective coatings, and fire-retardant products for large plants and offshore installations | | World leader | |||
| Finishes for passenger cars, commercial transportation and automotive plastic components | | Among top three global suppliers | |||
| Claims and fleet solutions | | Potential leading provider in all areas of accident management services |
* | See the cautionary statements and the remarks on how the Company determined its competitive positions under Introduction on pages 3 and 4. |
Akzo Nobels global strategy for its coatings business is to extend leading positions in clearly defined product areas and specialist niche markets, which demand high levels of technical expertise and customer service. Major acquisitions in the last years, combined with organic growth, lifted Coatings to the worlds number one position based on sales. We aim to strengthen this position through further organic growth and bolt-on acquisitions. Growth in mature markets is expected to remain in line with GDP. Opportunities exist in emerging markets and in technology switches often driven by environmental considerations. In the fragmented worldwide coatings market, we, as the world leader, only represent 8 percent. This market is in a process of consolidation, and we believe that our global positions in many fields will enable us to play a leading role.
The Company supports the international initiative of Coatings Care®a program for continuous improvement in Safety, Health, and the Environmentand is constantly seeking optimal ways to match the principles of eco-efficiency with those of high performance.
Within the field of decorative coatings, Akzo Nobel has a number of top-quality professional and do-it-yourself brands, which target national markets (e.g. Crown® (United Kingdom) and Flexa® (the Netherlands)), multinational markets (e.g. Nordsjö® and Trimetal®) and truly international markets (e.g. Sikkens®, Levis®, and Sadolin®). The strength of these brands reflects the Companys color
28
know-how and customer orientation, as well as the excellent performance and high environmental profile of its waterborne and high-solids paints.
Another prominent area is industrial coatings, especially volatile organic compounds (VOC)-compliant waterborne paints, high solids, and powder coatings, which are used to beautify and protect metal, plastic, and wooden substrates. Applications range from home appliances to wooden furniture and heavy-duty goods vehicles. The Company is the market leader in powder coatings and is strong in industrial wood finishes, coil coatings, and plastic coatings.
The Car Refinishes business includes the car repair and commercial vehicles sector. With Sikkens®, Akzo Nobel Coatings has been a major player for years, ensuring a fast, efficient, and top-quality result for every type of repair. Combined worldwide expertise enables it to develop new technologies and products of the highest quality continually. The Company also offers the equipment and expertise to go with these products, such as the revolutionary Automatchic system, which permits bodyshops to measure and match colors on the spot, or the CarInfo II system, which automates administrative processes in the bodyshop and produces a wealth of management information that can greatly improve bodyshop profitability.
The Company is an international market leader in marine, yacht, and protective coatings for heavy-duty applications, such as oil rigs. The Companys tradename International® is well known all over the world. The Company supplies antifouling coatings that keep ships and yachts hulls free of barnacles, making it easier for them to travel through the water thereby saving fuel costs for owners. The Company also provides paints for ships superstructures, such as Interfine®, which transforms rust stains into colorless deposits.
The Company offers a wide range of VOC-compliant coatings and other products qualified by the worlds major aircraft manufacturers and used for aircraft maintenance.
Through Nobilas, the Company provides accident management services to insurers, corporate fleet owners, car leasing, and rental companies. It draws on the knowledge and experience of Car Refinishes in this area of activity. Building the organization and proving the concept was the focus for 2004. Accelerated growth is the objective for next years.
29
Description of Chemicals' Business
The portfolio of Akzo Nobel Chemicals is a mix of specialty, functional, and commodity chemicals based upon leading positions in selected areas of the chemical industry.
Major
Product Lines
|
Key
Products/Applications
|
Competitive
Position*
|
||||
|
|
|
||||
Specification, functional, and specialty chemicals | | Pulp bleaching chemicals and chemicals for the manufacture of paper and board; specialty resins for printing ink, adhesives and polymer manufacturing; high performance separation products for pharmaceuticals | | World leader in pulp bleachingchemicals, and strong worldwideposition in paper chemicals | ||
| Functional chemicals such as chelates, micronutrients, animal feed additives, PVC additives, and intermediates such as carbon disulfide, monochloroacetic acid, methyl amines and ethylene amines | | Leading or strong worldwide positions | |||
| Surfactants and fatty acids used in detergents, cleaning, and personal care, as well as in asphalt production and the agro, oil, mining, and textile industries; cellulosic specialties as thickeners and additives for coatings, building materials, pharmaceutical products, food, mining and oil; expandable microspheres | | Leading or strong worldwide positions | |||
| Polymerization catalysts such as organic peroxides, metal alkyls and custom manufactured Ziegler-Natta systems for the polymer-producing industry; high-purity metal organics for the electronic industry, and intermediates for pharmaceutical products | | Leading or strong worldwide positions | |||
| Chlorine and caustic soda for industrial applications | | Leading positions in Northwest Europe | |||
| Salt for electrolysis, other chemical industries, food applications and consumer use | | Leading position in Northwest Europe, and global leader in vacuum salt |
* | See the cautionary statements and the remarks on how the Company determined its competitive positions under Introduction on pages 3 and 4. |
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Akzo Nobel is a leader in environmentally compatible pulp bleaching chemicals, notably with sodium chlorate worldwide, and is strong in hydrogen peroxide. The Company is also a prominent producer of chemicals for the wet-end manufacture of paper and board, notably retention and drainage agents, wet-strength resins, and sizing agents.
Akzo Nobel is strong in functional chemicals. It is the worlds principal producer of chelates, which deliver micronutrients to plants, and make organophosphorus-based fire retardants for plastics and hydraulic fluids. In addition, Akzo Nobel is a leading global producer of ethylene amines. Other key products include monochloroacetic acid, in which the Company leads the worldwide market, as well as carboxymethyl cellulose, which serve as water-soluble thickening agents, and choline chloride, a food and feed additive.
In surfactants, Akzo Nobel is the market leader in cationic (fatty amine-based) surfactants in Europe and a major producer of non-ionic ethylene oxide-based surfactants. The Company also makes specialty cellulose-based rheology additives for paint and building applications.
In Northwest Europe, the Company has leading positions in the production of chlorine and caustic soda for industrial applications.
The Company is the market leader in polymerization catalysts and additives for the processing and manufacturing of plastics worldwide. It produces organic peroxides for thermosetting and cross-linking applications, UV Cure Chemicals for the Graphic Arts, coatings and other industries, and polysulphide chemicals for the aerospace, marine and construction industries.
Akzo Nobel is the largest producer of salt for electrolysis in Northwest Europe, and manufactures high-quality evaporated salt with strong consumer brands such as JOZO®. The production and electrolysis of salt both require a great deal of energy. By operating in joint ventures with Dutch electricity distribution companies, the Company is able to make use of combined heat and power (cogeneration). The Company has been active in cogeneration since the 1930s.
In addition, the Company has established a strong presence, both globally and regionally, through joint ventures. Joint ventures include Flexsys, with Solutia (number one worldwide in the production of rubber processing chemicals).
In 2004, the Company divested the Catalysts, Phosphorus Chemicals, and Coating Resins businesses to create room to maneuver and improve the Companys balance sheet. Proceeds were approximately EUR 1.0 billion.
In February 2005, we announced that we will streamline the Chemicals portfolio in order to competitively realign the business for growth, profitability, and leadership positions in selected markets. These efforts will result in a smaller portfolio that is stronger, creates more value, and is better structured to meet our financial expectations. The Chemicals activities will be concentrated in five business units: Pulp & Paper Chemicals, Polymer Chemicals, Surfactants, Functional Chemicals, and Base Chemicals (the latter will comprise the Chlor-Alkali, Electrolysis Salt, and Energy businesses). We are committed to ensure that leading positionswhich are key to our new strategywill be established or consolidated. Expansion in growth markets such as China will also be prioritized.
As a consequence of this new focus, the Company intends to divest several businesses that do not fit this new strategy, including Ink and Adhesive Resins, Oleochemicals, Salt Specialties, PVC Additives, Solar Salt Australia, and Methyl Amines/Choline Chloride. All the activities earmarked for divestment represent a total
31
of around EUR 700 million in 2004 sales, and any bids will be expected to reflect the value of the businesses concerned.
GEOGRAPHIC DATA
Below, geographic information for Akzo Nobel is presented for net sales, operating income, identifiable assets and expenditures for property, plant and equipment.
|
||||||||||||||||||
Net
sales by region of destination |
Net
sales by region of origin |
Operating income | ||||||||||||||||
Millions of euros |
2004
|
2003
|
2002
|
2004
|
2003
|
2002
|
2004
|
2003
|
2002
|
|||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
The Netherlands | 826 | 825 | 816 | 2,624 | 2,546 | 2,662 | 72 | 171 | 179 | |||||||||
Germany | 1,159 | 1,147 | 1,084 | 1,043 | 1,088 | 1,051 | 92 | 73 | 34 | |||||||||
Sweden | 506 | 510 | 517 | 1,152 | 1,102 | 1,184 | 30 | 66 | 95 | |||||||||
United Kingdom | 831 | 840 | 963 | 846 | 798 | 911 | (110 | ) | (118 | ) | (16 | ) | ||||||
Other European | ||||||||||||||||||
countries | 4,012 | 3,963 | 3,951 | 2,918 | 3,100 | 3,016 | 508 | 509 | 591 | |||||||||
USA and Canada | 2,443 | 2,944 | 3,723 | 2,220 | 2,604 | 3,318 | (72 | ) | 94 | 100 | ||||||||
Latin America | 726 | 704 | 767 | 490 | 470 | 506 | 67 | 60 | 96 | |||||||||
Asia | 1,535 | 1,453 | 1,513 | 1,084 | 1,022 | 1,064 | 158 | 125 | 140 | |||||||||
Other regions | 650 | 665 | 668 | 311 | 321 | 290 | 46 | 59 | 52 | |||||||||
Result on divestments | 509 | 25 | 91 | |||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
Total | 12,688 | 13,051 | 14,002 | 12,688 | 13,051 | 14,002 | 1,300 | 1,064 | 1,362 | |||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
Identifiable assets | Expenditures
for property, plant and equipment |
|||||||||||
Millions of euros |
2004
|
2003
|
2002
|
2004
|
2003
|
2002
|
||||||
|
||||||||||||
The Netherlands | 2,799 | 2,942 | 2,618 | 189 | 173 | 197 | ||||||
Germany | 823 | 798 | 819 | 23 | 27 | 36 | ||||||
Sweden | 846 | 773 | 798 | 60 | 55 | 36 | ||||||
United Kingdom | 944 | 913 | 1,134 | 29 | 26 | 25 | ||||||
Other European countries | 2,098 | 2,074 | 2,210 | 81 | 110 | 136 | ||||||
USA and Canada | 1,636 | 2,014 | 2,772 | 52 | 81 | 177 | ||||||
Latin America | 454 | 400 | 424 | 61 | 18 | 31 | ||||||
Asia | 835 | 848 | 838 | 47 | 81 | 41 | ||||||
Other regions | 284 | 302 | 306 | 9 | 10 | 10 | ||||||
|
||||||||||||
10,719 | 11,064 | 11,919 | 551 | 581 | 689 | |||||||
Eliminations and cash and cash equivalents | 1,368 | 537 | 379 | |||||||||
Nonconsolidated companies | 318 | 353 | 491 | |||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Total | 12,405 | 11,954 | 12,789 | 551 | 581 | 689 | ||||||
|
See Item 5 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects for a discussion on factors affecting comparability between periods.
32
INSURANCE
Akzo Nobels insurance policy is part of a general risk management philosophy emphasizing the importance of creation of risk awareness throughout the entire organization and promotion of loss control efforts. Risk finance, normally in the form of insurance, is seen as a last resort to provide financial coverage for mainly catastrophe-like events. Events of frequent nature with limited financial effect are self-insured with the use of 100-percent-owned captive insurance companies. The limits of insurance are based on loss scenarios as well as normal practice in Akzo Nobels type of industry.
For property damage/business interruption, for 2005 in general, the exposure retained in the captive insurance arrangements is limited to EUR 12 million per occurrence with an annual aggregate of EUR 25 million. When losses exceed this annual aggregate, external insurers will provide coverage from a deductible level of EUR 1 million. Damages from acts of terrorism are excluded from insurance coverage. For damages from natural disasters Akzo Nobel retains 10 percent of these damages. The maximum amount of loss covered by external insurers for property damage/business interruption is EUR 250 million.
For general and product liability of Coatings, Chemicals, and Intervet and for general liability of Organon (including Diosynth), in 2005 the exposure retained in the captive insurance arrangements is limited to EUR 10 million per claim with an annual aggregate of EUR 20 million. When losses exceed this annual aggregate, external insurers will provide coverage from a deductible level of EUR 0.5 million. For product liability of Organon (including Diosynth), in 2005 the exposure retained in the captive insurance arrangements is limited to EUR 25 million per claim without any annual aggregate. Liabilities as a result of acts of terrorism are excluded from insurance coverage. The maximum amount of loss covered by external insurers for general product liability is EUR 400 million plus in excess thereof USD 300 million.
HUMAN RESOURCES
Akzo Nobels decentralized
organizational structure supports its ambitions and offers the Companys
employees broad scope and responsibility in various disciplines, permitting
them to develop their talents at an early stage of their careers. Akzo Nobel
provides opportunities and resources; employees can use these to develop their
skills and to be ready for change even before it becomes a necessity.
Some recent developments
in this area are described below.
In order to place a stronger focus on identified areas for improvement, the Board of Management has decided to implement a consistent approach to performance management throughout Akzo Nobel. The new Performance & Development Dialog (P&D Dialog) program, which is based on best practices from various business units and outside organizations, was launched in December in all business units. The new program includes six core Akzo Nobel competencies which will help embed our values and business principles in each employees daily work and behavior. Also included in the process are three people management skills, which will drive people management excellence throughout the Company.
The establishment of this performance appraisal program throughout Akzo Nobel will enable our global businesses to place a more consistent focus on high quality people management. The P&D Dialog supports the annual alignment of individual objectives with business direction, fosters ongoing performance and development dialog, and ensures each year a fair and transparent overall assessment and rating for every employee. The implementation is heavily supported by communication and training at business unit and country level and is targeted to involve the majority of employees in 2005, with completion envisaged in 2006.
33
A major review of our executive compensation scheme took place during the summer of 2004. By the end of the year, this resulted in the announcement of the new remuneration program for all executives, which will remain strongly EVA-based. The program differentiates individual executive compensation via a strong link to the overall performance rating from the new P&D Dialog, drives teamwork between businesses by strengthening the focus on Akzo Nobels results, and ensures alignment with market developments in terms of cash payment and equitable compensation.
In April 2004, the Employee Share Plan was discontinued. The main reasons were the complexity and costs in administrating this relatively small program. A commitment was made by the Board of Management to find a replacement which is more practical and meaningful to all interested parties. Early in 2005, a plan was announced to create an Akzo Nobel Community Fund for projects proposed and conducted by employees at Akzo Nobel worldwide.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Through strong customer and market orientation, our R&D activities provide an excellent platform for sustainable business development. We are focusing on innovative approaches and technologies that ensure continuity and profitable growth. In 2004, R&D expenditures amounted to EUR 823 million, down 7 percent from 2003. The main driver continued to be Pharma, which accounted for 63 percent of Akzo Nobels total R&D expenditures. Total R&D staff decreased from 7,000 at year-end 2003, to 6,700 at year-end 2004. Pharmas R&D expenses were maintained at 16 percent of sales, reflecting its continuous commitment to research and development. R&D expenditures as incurred by each of the groups are as follows:
|
|||||||
Millions of euros | percent of sales | ||||||
2004
|
2003 |
2004
|
2003 | ||||
|
|||||||
Pharma | 518 | 566 | 16 | 16 | |||
Coatings | 168 | 164 | 3 | 3 | |||
Chemicals | 122 | 132 | 3 | 3 | |||
|
Pharma Group
Organon
In 2004, Organon radically changed its R&D policy and structure. The organizational structure now covers the entire R&D process from the early exploratory stage up to demonstration of Proof of Concept. This new policy focuses even more on the elaboration of new creative ideas, but always against the backdrop of sufficient output generation. Over time, this approach should fill the pipeline with innovative drug candidates.
R&D achievements help move Organon forward and the progress made in 2004 gives us confidence. Follistim®-AQ cartridge was approved in the United States, which should add to sales of this key fertility product. The asenapine program with Pfizer has made good progress. Phase III is well under way; FDA and European EMEA submissions are planned for the first half of 2007. The approvable letter for the Implanon® birth control implant should also positively affect the second half of 2005 in the United States. There was, however, some negative R&D news, most notably the FDA rejection of our application for the antidepressant gepirone ER.
34
The reorganization and restructuring programs implemented in 2003 resulted in the formation of R&D teams for our key compounds. Organon now holds a competitive pipeline with five compounds in phase III and seventeen compounds in exploratory development (including phase II).
Intervet
In 2004 Intervet improved the infrastructure for the development of new products. Intervet received approval to market several new products in Europe during 2004, including an innovative vaccine against Glässers disease in pigs and a novel vaccine against strangles, a painful and debilitating disease of horses. Intervet is the first company ever to obtain an EU authorization for this bacterial, genetically modified vaccine.
Following FDA approval, Vetsulinthe first insulin to treat diabetes in dogswas launched in the U.S. market. Canine and equine dewormers were introduced in the American OTC market, which also benefited from the reintroduction of some vaccines in the companion animal health and livestock market.
Diosynth
In 2004, the number of new development contracts for the biotechnology market increased strongly. From January 1, 2005 onwards Diosynth will be integrated in the business unit Organon, which will combine Pharmas know-how, especially in the biotechnology area.
Other
Nobilon, Akzo Nobels human vaccine initiative, developed according to plan during 2004. The modern cell culture facilities for antigen production were not only approved for compliance with international Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) but already came in full production. The development program for the first human vaccines started with an injectable human influenza vaccine and, in parallel, a modified live intranasal vaccine in cooperation with BioDiem. These and other vaccines in development will be based on innovative cell culture technology, which ensures more flexible capacity and products of high quality and purity.
Coatings Group
In the customer-driven, technology-based organization of the Coatings business units the main driver for R&D is defining customer specific solutions. The framework for the carefully balanced portfolio of both short-term and long-term innovation projects is set by three main prerequisites:
| meeting environmental regulations |
| improving the performance of products also in color aspects |
| defining and applying novel product and process technologies. |
These projects are executed by the various business units in geographically spread locations, always in the vicinity of the markets they serve. Typical examples of achievements during 2004 are:
| Decorative Coatings introduced a new state-of-the-art tinting system, whereby the basic principle is to offer any color across our product range via a system of innovative colorants. |
| Car Refinishes developed a unique temporary paint system which can be peeled off after use. |
| Marine & Protective opened a new R&D laboratory in the United Kingdom as a part of the business units ongoing investment in R&D facilities around the world. |
| Powder Coatings continued to focus on innovation in the Interpon® and Restcoat® products and services, and launched the Elements special effects range in Europe, for use by general trade coaters. |
The focus of our long-term-innovative R&D programs is gradually shifting toward new generation polymer engineering, applying new academic science, and creatively utilizing the potential of nanotechnology.
35
Chemicals Group
Continuous upgrading of core technologies is a key issue for all Chemicals business units in order to achieve and secure competitive market advantages. Therefore, R&D programs are customer-oriented, maintaining an adequate balance between short-term and long-term innovation goals. Sustainability is a major driver in the R&D efforts for both current and future operations and products. These programs are executed through R&D resources embedded in the individual business centers, with R&D units in all major markets.
To ensure access to developments in the scientific world and to be able to explore and exploit the latest technologies, business units also work together in technology programs, often including university partners. These efforts are supported by centers of excellence. These programs include:
| reduction of energy and raw material consumption by applying front end separation technology |
| waste and energy reduction using modern solid catalysts |
| closed loop production through process intensification |
| low energy routes to high quality emulsions |
| more stable and safer processes by application of control room simulation |
| prospects of nanochemistry |
| shortening time to market and/or time to production by high throughput experimentation. |
With the aim to start up and significantly grow (new) businesses, an integrated team of business and R&D professionalscalled The Innovations Unitexploits ideas, internal competencies, and portfolio synergies. This approach has already led to promising results. R&D successes were particularly achieved in the area of process yield improvements at several production units of Polymer Chemicals, promising new development in the areas of product quality and costs, both for vacuum and solar salt operations, improvement of energy efficiency in Akzo Nobels processes, and improvement in the efficiency of energy production by our joint ventures through Combined Heat and Power generation.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Our Commitments and Values
Akzo Nobels commitment to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Sustainable Development is reflected in our core valuesentrepreneurial spirit, personal integrity and social responsibilityas stated in our Business Principles (see Akzo Nobels website). CSR is an essential element of the Companys corporate governance.
Our Business Principles and values are the backbone of our decision-making processes. In our daily business practice, we aim to achieve long-term economic growth, social progress, and ecological balance. We want to be explicit about our CSR efforts and performance by making our progress transparent and measurable to all our stakeholders, inside as well as outside the Company.
Our Principles
Akzo Nobel recognizes that its employees, business partners, shareholders, and other stakeholders expect high standards of business conduct. In 2004, we concluded an extensive Business Principles training program for our employees, providing guidance on how to sustain high levels of ethical behavior, transparency, and consistency throughout the Company. In support of this process, the Board of
36
Management issued Business Principles Specifications (see Akzo Nobels website at www.akzonobel.com) on issues like child labor, activities in politically sensitive countries, and a Code of Conduct for Vendors. In this context, the internal annual Letter of Representation to be submitted to the Board of Management was also amended.
In 2004, Akzo Nobel became a signatory of the UN Global Compact, established by UN Secretary General Kofi Anan, and a member of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, which consists of 170 multinational companies that accept a leadership role in defining the contribution of the business community to sustainable development. Moreover, Akzo Nobel actively supports the guiding principles of the Business Charter for Sustainable Development of the International Chamber of Commerce, the Responsible Care®1program of the chemical industry, and the Coatings Care®2 program of the paint and printing ink industries.
Our Planet
Commitment to health, safety, and the environment (HSE) is an integral part of our company culture. All sites have Environmental Management Systems and Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems in place. The business units have also implemented tailored Product Stewardship Management Systems. Our Corporate Audit Protocol provides for an HSE performance audit of each Akzo Nobel site to be made at least every five years. After five years of continued improvement in the HSE audit results, our sites in Asia Pacific have now reached the same level of audit scores as our sites in Europe and in the Americas.
We published our HSE report for 2003 on Akzo Nobels website in April 2004. In June 2005, we will publish our CSR report for 2004. In that report we will elaborate on our CSR vision, ambitions and targets, including HSE.
Our Role in Society
Akzo Nobel companies are encouraged to support community activities and give their employees the opportunity to play an active role in societal matters, for instance through community relations programs in areas such as education, sports, culture, arts, and healthcare as part of a long-standing Company culture. Most of our 170 sites are involved in community projects with financial or material support from the Company or with involvement of employees as volunteers, (partly) on Company time.
We continued the Education Industry Partnership Program, the Education Fund 94, the Akzo Nobel for Young Talent Program, the Akzo Nobel Art Foundation, and the Akzo Nobel Science Award.
1 | Responsible Care® is a registered trademark of the European Chemical Industry. |
2 | Coatings Care® is a registered trademark of the National Paint and Coatings Association. |
37
BUSINESS REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENTS AT BUSINESS UNITS
For financial details on acquisitions or divestments, reference is made to Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
PHARMA GROUP
Business Review
Pharma continued to work hard to reduce the complexity within its business units and improve operational efficiencies. U.S. dollar weakness and increasingly stiff competitionespecially triggered in December 2002 by the loss of exclusivity of Remeron®, which until then was our leading antidepressantmade these steps all the more important. Despite the aforementioned efforts, sales and operating income in 2004 were substantially down, also as expenses of EUR 89 million were incurred for the settlement of most of the Remeron® cases.
Addressing the Remeron® lifecycle management issues was the biggest challenge for Organon in 2004. Organon entered into several agreements with generic companies to help market the product while managing Remeron®SolTab®, which remains exclusive in some markets. Also, most of the key lawsuits concerning Remeron® in the United States were settled.
R&D achievements help move Organon forward and progress was made in 2004. Follistim®-AQ cartridge was approved in the United States, which should add to sales of this key fertility product. The asenapine program with Pfizer has made good progress. Phase III is well under way; FDA and European EMEA submissions are planned for the first half of 2007. The approvable letter for the Implanon® birth control implant should also positively affect the second half of 2005 in the United States. There was, however, some negative R&D news, most notably the FDA rejection of our application for the antidepressant gepirone ER.
Diosynth had a very difficult year due the overall weak situation of the contract manufacturing industry. In the biotechnology part, several new manufacturing contracts were awarded, some of which may prove significant in the future.
In January 2005, we completed the integration of Diosynth and Organon, which combines Pharmas knowhow, especially in the biotechnology area, and simplifies supply chain management. Third-party customers of Diosynth will continue to be served under the Diosynth name.
The major news in the animal healthcare sector was the recurrence of avian flu. Intervet provided support to various governments in addressing this serious threat. Intervet also took steps to improve operational efficiency.
Developments in the Pharma Business Units
Organon
Prescription Drugs
Sales 2004: EUR
2,010 million; 2003: EUR 2,273 million
Despite continuing economic pressure in 2004, Organon has become fitter and better prepared for a stronger future. During the year 2004, two milestones were reached that should reinforce the future of our human pharmaceutical business: the integration of Organon with DiosynthAkzo Nobels manufacturer of active pharmaceutical ingredientsconcluded in the beginning of 2005, and the development progress made in Phase III with the antipsychotic asenapine in our partnership with Pfizer. We also established a
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biotechnology center foothold in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to focus on monoclonal antibody research for immunology.
In 2004, Organon changed its R&D policy and structure. The organizational structure now covers the entire R&D process from the early exploratory stage up to demonstration of Proof of Concept. This new policy focuses even more on the elaboration of new creative ideas, but always against the backdrop of sufficient output generation. Over time, this approach should fill the pipeline with innovative drug candidates.
Sales in the important geographic areas were below the 2003 levels. The decline in sales was mainly due to increased generic competition in both the United States and Europe, particularly for the antidepressant Remeron®. Currency effects caused a sales decrease of 3 percent, while price/volume effects were minus 9 percent, primarily reflecting a decrease of 40 percent in the United States. We managed to continuously protect our margins without major restructuring. Operating income was substantially lower than in 2003. R&D expenses as a percentage of sales were maintained. In 2003, Organon also benefited from the payment of EUR 88 million for the asenapine cooperation by Pfizer. In addition, expenses of EUR 89 million were incurred for the settlement of most of the Remeron® cases.
Organons main products developed as follows:
|
||||||||
Millions of euros | 2004 sales |
Total
change % |
Autonomous
growth %1 |
|||||
|
||||||||
Contraceptives
|
522
|
1
|
4
|
|||||
-
of which NuvaRing®
|
81 | 102 | 115 | |||||
Remeron®
(in the U.S.)
|
47 | (77 | ) | (75 | ) | |||
Remeron®
(in rest of the world)
|
316 | | | |||||
Puregon®
/Follistim®
|
285 | (14 | ) | (11 | ) | |||
Livial®
|
160 | (19 | ) | (17 | ) | |||
|
In the therapeutic area Contraception, we achieved sales growth with Cerazette® and NuvaRing®, aided by stepped-up promotion efforts. The sales growth pattern reflects increasing acceptance of NuvaRing®. In September 2004, cumulative sales (since the introduction) of NuvaRing® surpassed the EUR 100 million mark with more than 600,000 rings sold monthly worldwide. In October 2004, the innovative, single rod progestogen implant, Implanon®, received approvable status from the FDA for marketing in the United States. The contraceptive is scheduled to be launched on the U.S. market in the course of 2005.
In the other therapeutic areas Hormone Treatment (HT), Psychiatry, Fertility and Anesthesia, sales were down compared to 2003.
Overall market size for menopausal HT declined strongly, as a result of a number of studies that downgrade some of the perceived positive health effects of treatments. However, a rebound effect in the market could occur in the near future, which may benefit Livial®, as its market share in the IMS registered markets has continued to grow to almost 22 percent over the last two years.
1 | Autonomous sales growth is defined as the change in sales attributable to changed volumes and selling prices. In this case it only excludes the change in sales attributable to currency translation effects. Acquisitions and divestments were not applicable. Reference is made to the remarks under Introduction on page 4. |
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In the Psychiatry area, asenapinea novel psychotherapeutic medication for the treatment of psychotic and mood disordersis in Phase III clinical trials. The compound is being developed in partnership with Pfizer. Asenapine will be administered as a fast dissolving tablet that will likely enhance compliance. Because of its unique pharmacological signature we expect asenapine to deliver strong control of psychotic and manic symptoms, superior relief on negative and affective symptoms, and an unsurpassed tolerability and safety profile. Phase II results did not show clinically relevant side effects. Asenapine was very well tolerated. The phase III clinical development program is on schedule and is expected to be finalized by the end of 2006. The registration file (including the U.S. New Drug Application (NDA)) is targeted for worldwide submission to the regulatory authorities in the first half of 2007.
We failed to obtain FDA approval for gepirone ER in 2004. Despite these developments, Organon remains committed to the continued development of products in the antidepressant therapeutic area.
In Fertility, we launched the Follistim®-AQ cartridge (follitropin beta injection) in the United States in the spring of 2004. It is designed to be used only with the Follistim Pen®, an innovative pen device which facilitates accurate delivery of individualized doses of premixed follitropin beta injection. Initial U.S. sales of the highly effective and widely used prescription fertility medication are promising. In various European countries, such as the Netherlands and Germany, Puregon® sales are negatively affected by changes in reimbursement policies.
In Anesthesia, the investigational drug application (IND) for the anesthetic Org 25969, a unique binding agent to reverse muscle relaxation, was accepted by the FDA. With the phase II human clinical trial in the United States and Europe completed, the compound entered phase III.
The reorganization and restructuring programs implemented in 2003 resulted in the formation of R&D teams for our key compounds. Organon now holds a competitive pipeline with five compounds in phase III and seventeen compounds in exploratory development (including phase II).
The integration of our two human pharmaceutical businesses, Diosynth and Organon, into a single business unitunder the name Organoneffective January 2005 combines key competencies for a targeted approach to human pharmaceutical activities. Diosynths third-party business will be continued under the name Diosynth as a reliable partner for its customers. To mark the importance of this integration and the opportunities it will provide, Organons management team has been extended, with offices based in the United States (Roseland, New Jersey) and the Netherlands (Oss). The integration should improve supply chain management and investment decisions. Furthermore, we will strive to reduce the complexity of our organization to aid us in our new strategy of forming partnerships.
The integration will also enable us to combine existing biotechnology activities to leverage our know-how and share technologies and skills to enhance our competitiveness in this attractive market. The biopharmaceuticals market offers opportunities to address underserved therapeutic categories like various forms of cancer and autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. The combined biotechnology business of Organon and Diosynth already represents 20 percent of sales revenues. The assets and know-how we have in biotechnology offer us a solid springboard to become an integrated pharmaceutical company which develops and markets drugs that are based both on New Chemical Entities (NCE) and on New Biological Entities (NBE).
The year 2004 has been a turning point for Organon in its return to growth. Organons future will be marked by our continuing efforts to create and market prescription medicines that improve the health and quality of human life.
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Intervet
Veterinary Products
Sales 2004: EUR
1,024 million; 2003: EUR 1,010 million
With total sales of EUR 1,024 million in 2004, Intervet met expectations and strengthened its place in the global top three of animal health companies. Operating income was up on the previous year. Intervet will continue its strategy based on autonomous growth and selected acquisitions. Intervet has a broad product portfolio and one of the largest distribution networks around the world. In 2004, we worked intensively to develop further into a global organization to anticipate developments in the markets. We also made strong efforts to improve operating performance by streamlining our product portfolio, making investments in the manufacturing organization, and improving the infrastructure for the development of new products. As a result of these efforts we are now well prepared to increase our business in key countries with a focus on core species and improve our bottom-line performance within the next few years.
We generate almost 60 percent of sales in Europe and will build on our strong position in this mature market. In 2004, Intervets development in North America was characterized by growth in key segments, notably in antiparasitics. The Latin American region seems to be continuing its recovery from the economic downturn of recent years, and we expect a more stable market there in 2005. Asia was severely affected by avian influenza outbreaks in various countries in the region.
From Intervets broad product portfolio, pharmaceuticals showed a strong performance with significant autonomous growth. In the vaccines business Intervet further strengthened its position. Development of aquaculture vaccines is encouraging despite challenging market conditions in the European salmon market.
Intervet received approval to market several new products in Europe during 2004, including an innovative vaccine against Glässers disease in pigs and a novel vaccine against strangles, a painful and debilitating disease of horses. Intervet is the first company ever to obtain an EU authorization for this bacterial, genetically modified vaccine.
Following FDA approval, Vetsulinthe first insulin to treat diabetes in dogswas launched in the U.S. market. Canine and equine dewormers were introduced in the American OTC market, which also benefited from the reintroduction of some vaccines in the companion animal health and livestock segment.
In 2004, we continued our major investment program in Boxmeer, the Netherlands, aimed at modernizing our multifunctional headquarters site and enlarging our production capacity for biological products. We also made further investments at our manufacturing site in Salamanca, Spain. In the fall of 2004, we completed a major refurbishment program of our Milton Keynes, UK site designed to expand and equip the laboratory building obtained a few years ago when Hoechst Roussel Vet was acquired. The new facilities enable us to bring together virology and bacteriology research groups for the development of poultry and pet vaccines. As a consequence, Intervets The Elms research site near Cambridge was closed in the summer and a number of projects were transferred to Milton Keynes.
In December, Intervet divested its veterinary diagnostic business Dr. Bommeli AG to IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. Given Bommelis size within Intervets portfolio, the divestment had only a slight impact on Intervets earnings.
Our logistics and manufacturing initiative launched in 2003 to implement SAP has made significant progress and should be concluded in early 2006.
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Diosynth
Complex Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Sales 2004: EUR
366 million; 2003: EUR 479 million
The innovative pharmaceutical industry is being plagued by major problems, including loss of patent protection for major products, a reduced number of new product approvals, heavy competition, and price pressure in part induced by governments. These factors adversely affect producers of active pharmaceutical products like Diosynth. In 2004, our sales declined 24 percent. Operating income fell strongly and wasincluding restructuring chargesnegative.
In the segment of chemical active pharmaceutical ingredients, the market is still weak. Increasing competition is felt from new capacity being built, notably in China and India. Diosynths strategy has always been to be a niche player, focusing on very specific complex products and technologies, such as steroids, peptides, and opiate analogues. In potential, the market for these products remains attractive because of their relatively long lifecycle.
Lower captive and third-party demand forced Diosynth to reduce capacity and personnel worldwide in 2004. Capacity for less complex starting materials was cut back in line with our strategy.
In the traditional market segment for biochemicals, Diosynth managed to increase its sales and market share, particularly in heparins.
In the biotechnology market, sales were under pressure. Nevertheless, the number of new development contracts increased strongly. This should result in increased sales in the coming years because of the time lag between technology transfer, initial process development, and commercial manufacturing of batches for clinical trials.
As of January 1, 2005, Diosynth has been integrated into Organon.
COATINGS GROUP
Business Review
Coatings operating income was slightly down on 2003, mainly due to higher restructuring and impairment charges. Coatings reaped the benefits from high volume growth, tight cost control, but was impacted by steeply increasing raw material costs and difficult economic circumstances in Europe. All business units achieved performance gains, except for Car Refinishes, where a major restructuring program is being implemented to address this situation. In the fourth quarter of 2004, margins were under pressure from increased raw material prices, in particular in the industrial activities. All in all, Coatings is well under way on its road map to the medium-term ROI target of 25 percent (based on an operating income figure excluding restructuring and impairment charges).
In 2004, sales grew 5 percent due to higher volumes and prices, mainly in emerging markets, which now represent 32 percent of worldwide sales. We opened two new multipurpose Industrial Finishes sites in China and a new Non-Stick Coatings facility in Brazil. Marine & Protective Coatings established International Paint Japan to serve Japanese and worldwide marine coatings customers also directly in this important market. Furthermore, we completed investments in two new Powder Coatings sites in China and a new Decorative Coatings facility in Vietnam.
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During the year, we established Nobilas Claims & Fleet Solutions as a separate business unit to fully exploit the potential to become the leading provider in all areas of accident management services.
We continued to improve our business mix by divesting eight small noncore businesses and making selective acquisitions, such as Rhenacoat coil coatings in France and BASFs joinery business.
Our European Decorative Coatings business remained focused on extending its distribution channels by acquiring ten wholesalers. In Germanythe biggest coatings market in Europewe stepped up efforts to improve our position by acquiring Timpe & Mock and taking a 30 percent shareholding in Peters.
To realign the business with changing market conditions, Car Refinishes announced a major restructuring program, involving 10 percent of its global workforce.
Our main challenge continues to be a balancing act between our unwavering commitment to reducing our cost base in mature markets and at the same time capturing growth opportunities in emerging markets through a combination of selective acquisitions and organic growth.
Developments in the Coatings Business Units
Decorative Coatings
Sales 2004: EUR
1,911 million; 2003: EUR 1,842 million
Decorative Coatings Europe and Decorative Coatings International serve the professional and do-it-yourself markets. The Companys major brands include Sikkens®, Sadolin®, Crown®, Astral®, Marshall®, Trimetal®, Nordsjö®, Levis®, Herbol®, Vivechrom®, and Flexa®. The Companys leading building adhesive brand is Schönox®.
Decorative Coatings Europe
Market conditions failed to show sustainable improvement in 2004, reflecting sluggish GDP rates in most Western European countries. Demand for outdoor products was also adversely affected by unfavorable weather conditions in the northern part of Europe and a low number of new housing starts. We continued to place a strong focus on improving the quality of the business by taking many initiatives to strengthen our branded businesses and phasing out less attractive low margin businesses and weak brands with no added value. As a result of these efforts, we managed to improve margins in 2004 and offset higher costs of raw materials, packaging, energy, and transportation during the second half of the year.
In 2004, we completed a large proportion of the comprehensive cost reduction program that was launched in 2003. This program resulted in a considerable reduction of our structural cost base, mainly for Production and Logistics. Operating income and return on investment improved substantially.
In Trade, we recorded a satisfactory gain in operating income, assisted by a number of important strategic acquisitions of distributors, mainly in Germany. The second biggest distributor in Germany, Timpe & Mock with 20 outlets, was acquired. We also acquired a 30 percent stake in another major German distributor, Peters with 17 outlets, in exchange for Akzo Nobels interests in distributors Beissel and Kerstin. Having service outlets close to the painters, either owned or in partnership with independent distributors, is a key strategic objective for Trade.
43
Retails sales went up in various countries. In other countries we registered a decline in sales, reflecting the discontinuation of business in less attractive private labels and low-priced white commodity paints. Sales in added value branded products increased, aided by a comprehensive renewal of branded product offerings and improved positioning in most countries during 2004. The speedy transfer of proven products and concepts continued and bolstered our brand building objectives. While overall sales declined, Retail achieved a considerable improvement in operating income and financial ratios.
In Specialties, we were able to duplicate the previous years high performance level. We recorded promising sales in the new EU countries, where we strengthened our presence. In the third quarter we acquired the Joinery business of BASF Coatings, bolstering our leading position in that market segment.
We successfully completed the first phase of the rollout of our new state-of-the-art tinting system and started the second phase. The basic principle of this new system is to offer any color across our product range via a system of innovative colorants. A limited number of base paints will reduce the complexity costs for our distributors, shops, and sites. Via this optimized system we can also offer better and more reliable accuracy of colors and product qualities that will meet future regulations for volatile organic compounds (VOC). As of 2007 (first phase) and 2010 (second phase), the new EU VOC directive will be fully effective.
Decorative Coatings International
Across the board, Deco International registered good volume growth and improved its operating income. The margins show a mixed picture, with strong downward pressure, particularly toward the end of the year. Strict cost control resulted in much lower costs relative to sales than in the previous year. The number of employees was lower, while business showed strong growth. As a consequence, capital turnover also improved, resulting in a substantially higher return on investment.
The Eastern European business continues to develop favorably, particularly in Russia and Ukraine but also in the Baltic states where we see steady growth. Restructuring programs in Hungary and Poland led to a significant decrease in headcount and costs. Combined with increased sales, these efforts resulted in distinctly higher profitability. Building Adhesives also stepped up its activities in this part of Europe.
Asia Pacific continues to show strong double digit volume increase. The first batches have been produced in the newly constructed factories in China and Vietnam.
Our wood care products niche strategy for North America and Argentina has once more proven to be a successful concept with robust volume growth, in particular in Argentina. Brazil also showed an improvement in the course of business in the second half of 2004.
The North African activities continue to operate at a healthy level with increased volumes.
In Turkey fierce competition depressed margins. Nevertheless, we achieved a huge increase in market share. The market in Greece was particularly buoyant and generated excellent results until the Olympics, with no dramatic decrease afterwards.
Building Adhesives managed to increase its volumes in static markets, such as Germany, resulting in a substantial increase in profit margins and returns.
We continued to place a strong focus on product stewardship issues and believe that we have now reached a good standard.
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Worthy of note is that our unit in Brazil has logged more than 8 million hours without any lost time due to injuries.
We are confident that we have an excellent platform for further geographic development and growth in volume and profitability.
Industrial Activities
Sales 2004 EUR
1,592 million; 2003: EUR 1,489 million
Akzo Nobels industrial activities include two global business units: Industrial Finishes and Powder Coatings.
Industrial Finishes
As a result of successful top line initiatives, geographic expansion, bolt-on acquisitions, and improved economic conditions, Industrial Finishes delivered substantial growth, which offset the impact of depressed margins brought on by rising raw material costs. On balance, operating income increased significantly, mainly due to lower restructuring and impairment charges.
We continued to invest in the frontier markets of China, India, Brazil, and Eastern Europe. In addition, production and logistics capabilities in lower growth geographic markets were reshaped in 2004. Complementing strategic growth, we invested in our ongoing R&D activities to provide customers with a stream of products to help them become more efficient and/or differentiate their products in the ever-increasingly competitive global economy.
Combining our intense customer focus, decentralized organizational structure, global reach, and Akzo Nobels expansive technology base, we remain very competitive in the markets in which we participate.
Powder Coatings
In 2004, Powder Coatings delivered a solid financial performance with considerably improved operating income and return on investment. This was the result of a significant increase in sales combined with tight cost control and a selective investment approach.
We extended our geographic presence in all areas of operation, notably by constructing two new Powder Coatings plants in China and by opening a Brazilian plant for Non-Stick Coatings. Our Cromadex® organization continued to expand its distribution network throughout Europe with branch openings in France and Germany. In South Korea we integrated the management of our two powder businesses and closed the LG facility, thus reducing costs and gaining in operational efficiencies.
In Europe we had an outstanding year. Increased efficiencies in manufacturing and operations combined with strong sales growth in Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, and Turkey produced excellent improvement in operating income. In Asia, we achieved the planned strong growth in salesespecially in China. In America, we continued to improve operations and strengthened the sales and marketing approach.
Our Cromadex® distribution operation maintained its outstanding financial performance, while the Non-Stick Coatings business achieved a notable improvement in operating income.
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We continued to focus on adding value through innovation in our Interpon® and Resicoat® products and services. We achieved our first commercial sales of UV-curing powder coatings for PVC flooring and launched the Elements special effects range in Europe for use by general trade coaters.
We have invested in building and strengthening our global management team and the organizational structure of our businesses. We have reshaped our strategy for the coming years, identifying opportunities where our strong customer focus, combined with an emphasis on innovation, can deliver maximum value for our business and for our customers.
Car Refinishes
Sales 2004: EUR
927 million; 2003: EUR 880 million
2004 was a challenging year with the operational side of our business bearing up well in adverse market conditions, but with profitability suffering from too high costs. Volume steadily declined in mature markets and showed slow but steady growth in developing markets. Operating income was clearly down on the previous year. We energetically stepped up our cost containment efforts to align our cost structure with these market conditions. The restructuring program announced in July started to yield results in the course of 2004 but will not have its full effect until 2006.
In Car Repair we launched a worldwide retail brand approach to complete our full service range of products to the market. Our services brand Sikkens® aims at total bodyshop profitability. Our product brand Lesonal® aims at product performance. We also have a selective number of regional brands for the retail segment. Within our Automotive Aftermarket we achieved a steady stream of approvals and global deals with major car manufacturers.
For the services segment, we introduced Sikkens® e-Benchmarking, a web-based business analysis system. This easy-to-use benchmarking tool provides rapid analyses of a bodyshops performance compared to a variety of core groups, together with access to advice on how to improve profitability.
Our Commercial Vehicles business under the dedicated Sikkens® Autocoat® BT® brand grew as planned, with all regions contributing to growth. We also reached a number of global agreements with truck and bus companies.
In Automotive Plastic Coatings we increased our focus by changing from a regional organization to a global organization, with dedicated management but with shared key disciplines. In this way we were able to maximize both differentiation and synergy. We concluded a cross-license agreement with Origin-Electric to improve access to the Japanese market by benefiting from their approvals for automotive plastic coatings.
On the business development side, we developed a unique temporary paint system which can be peeled off after use. Known as Maskin®, the product can be applied to any nonporous surface, such as a vehicle body or windows, without risk of damage to the original finish.
Marine & Protective
Coatings
Sales 2004: EUR
875 million; 2003: EUR 832 million
Marine & Protective Coatings is the worldwide leader in High Performance Coatings Solutions for the Marine, Heavy Industry, Pleasure Boat, and Aerospace markets.
46
2004 resulted in new record levels of operating income despite a weaker U.S. dollar and significant raw material cost increases during the year. Growth was solid in all regions.
International® Marine Coatings benefited from a high level of newbuilding of ships, in particular in Korea and China. Dry-docking activity remained high as shipyards are fully committed until 2007. Full business operations were started in Japan from November 2004.
International® Protective Coatings maintained good levels of profitable growth led by organic expansion in the United States, China, and Central/Eastern Europe. Sales development of Chartek® fire proofing materials remained at a most satisfactory level during the year.
The Yacht Coatings business further improved its performance in the key markets in Europe and the United States with the International®/Interlux® brands. The Awlgrip® business also achieved excellent results. Growth continued in the Asia Pacific region.
In Aerospace Coatings, Akzo Nobel continued to challenge the difficulties in the airline industry, achieving growth and improved profitability in both Europe and the United States. Results for 2004 were much improved on the previous year.
The growth rate available in developing territories is reflected in our commitment to investment through balanced organic and acquisitive growth.
In April, Marine & Protective Coatings opened a new R&D laboratory in the United Kingdom as part of the business units ongoing investment in R&D facilities around the world.
Nobilas Claims & Fleet Solutions
Nobilas provides accident management services to insurers, corporate fleet owners, car leasing, and rental companies. The first year in which we focused on building the organization and proving the concept progressed according to plan. Accelerated growth is the objective for next year.
In June, the business unit acquired UK-based AON Motor Accident Management company.
CHEMICALS GROUP
Business Review
Akzo Nobel Chemicals experienced substantial profit growth triggered by gains on the divestments. Global demand increased and results further benefited from cost savings and manufacturing efficiency improvements, partially offset by the impact of increased raw material and energy prices.
During the year the selected divestments of Catalysts, Phosphorus Chemicals, and Coating Resins were successfully carried out. The divestment program generated proceeds of approximately EUR 1 billion, which is above the annual sales of these businesses and reflects their solid value. See Note 22 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the effects of discontinued operation accounting under US GAAP.
Key investment projects in 2004 included the EUR 50 million Pulp & Paper chemical factory island within the Veracel paper mill complex at Eunapolis in Brazil and the start of the EUR 160 million relocation of Chlorine
47
and MCAA plants from Hengelo to Delfzijl. This project is supported by the Dutch government in order to end regular chlorine transports by rail in the Netherlands.
Our investment in China now comprises seven factories covering the Polymer, Paper and Functional Chemicals market segments. Our combined chemicals sales in China in 2004 aggregated EUR 130 million and are growing rapidly.
2004 was a year of streamlining, restructuring, and consolidation of the R&D activities in and across Chemicals business units to improve the effectiveness of operations. Despite these organizational changes, exciting breakthrough technologies and products were developed.
We are actively pursuing a systematic innovation approach to add value to the Chemicals businesses. With the aim to start up and significantly grow (new) businesses an integrated team of business and R&D professionalscalled The Innovations Unitexploits ideas, internal competencies, and portfolio synergies. This approach has already led to promising results.
New Strategic Focus
As a result of a strategic review carried out in the second half of 2004 we will, in 2005, further streamline the Chemicals portfolio in order to competitively realign the business for growth, profitability, and leadership positions in selected markets. These efforts will result in a smaller portfolio that is stronger, creates more value, and is better structured to meet our financial expectations. The Chemicals activities will be concentrated in five business units: Pulp & Paper Chemicals, Polymer Chemicals, Surfactants, Functional Chemicals, and Base Chemicals (the latter will comprise the Chlor-Alkali, Electrolysis Salt, and Energy businesses). We are committed to ensure that leading positionswhich are key to our new strategywill be established or consolidated. Expansion in growth markets such as China will also be prioritized. As a consequence of this new focus, the Company intends to divest several businesses that do not fit this new strategy, including Ink and Adhesive Resins, Oleochemicals, Salt Specialties, PVC Additives, Solar Salt Australia, and Methyl Amines/Choline Chloride. All the activities earmarked for divestment represent a total of around EUR 700 million in 2004.
Developments in the Chemicals Business Units
Pulp & Paper
Chemicals
Sales 2004: EUR
980 million; 2003: EUR 1,008 million
Pulp & Paper Chemicals (Eka Chemicals) registered increasing demand for its pulp and paper chemicals, reflecting stronger growth of paper and board production in major markets. However, the gain in operating income, with a mixed picture for the various products and regions, was primarily driven by lower costs.
During the year Eka Chemicals further strengthened its concept of better and more efficient chemical processes. Our development of industrial IT applications and centralized control delivers higher quality performance and reduced supply chain and production costs. It also enables us to grow as we take a larger responsibility in our customers value chain.
The European paper chemicals industry is running at high capacity utilization, and this positive trend is expected to continue into 2005. Higher power prices in Europe negatively impacted our production costs. Performance of our hydrogen peroxide activities in the European market is steadily improving, reflecting strongly risen demand, which we meet by increasing production capacity.
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North America showed strong output growth for all paper grades, while imports decreased. Ekas operations went through a major restructuring phase during 2003, which continued to have effects on cost levels in 2004. The weaker dollar created better market conditions, which generated better results for chlorate and paper chemicals, particularly in the retention segment, where the use of new systems for wood-containing paper was a big success.
Growth in South America was fast, especially in Brazil and Chile. Our expansions in Brazil, in particular the EUR 50 million Chemical Island at the new Veracel mill, are on schedule. This well positioned plant and our new silica sol plant in Rio will be operational in spring 2005. High freight and duty costs for imported chemicals had a negative impact on the results. Our sales in the Andean region are increasing.
Paper chemicals developed strongly in China and Indonesia. In China, the rapidly expanding packaging segment brings opportunities for sales growth, particularly in retention and sizing. Agreements with major customers improved performance toward the end of the year.
Surface Chemistry
Sales 2004: EUR
863 million; 2003: EUR 858 million
Despite difficult market circumstances with rising raw material prices and the weak U.S. dollar, Surface Chemistry improved its overall operating income in 2004 aided by cost reduction and volume growth. Market growth led to tighter capacity utilization in the second half of the year, allowing us to pass on higher raw material costs in selling prices.
Our Surfactants business registered improved results, mainly attributable to cost reduction programs, including the closure of the Littleborough site in the United Kingdom. These programs are still ongoing and will contribute to results in 2005. However, especially in the Americas, margins suffered from higher raw material prices and energy costs, while the product mix developed unfavorably. Selling prices are being increased to compensate for higher costs. Overall, Surfactants made another big step toward lifting profitability to target level. In March 2004, the new quat production facilities in Singapore were opened, underscoring Surfactants commitment to the Asian growth region.
Oleochemicals results ended lower than in 2003, as new capacity in the Asian region exerted a downward pressure on margins. Oleochemicals has set its focus on higher margin products based on proprietary technology, as is evidenced by new product introductions in the food segment.
Cellulosic Specialties continued to grow at above GDP rates driven by the volume gain of its Bermocoll® products (paint and building applications). The CMC range also recovered from the previous years dip. Results improved significantly despite the weak U.S. dollar. In 2004, Cellulosic Specialties launched a program to improve efficiency at its production site in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden.
Expancel® (transferred from the former business unit Industrial Products) continued its growth path for Thermoplastic Microspheres, although increased competition caused some pressure on margins in 2004. Growth is driven by geo expansion as well as by new product applications. New drying capacity came on stream in the last quarter of 2004.
Surface Chemistry has announced that it is to divest its joint venture SEKAB in Sweden, which specializes in the production of ethanol-based bio-fuels.
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Functional Chemicals
Sales 2004: EUR
613 million; 2003: EUR 604 million
Functional Chemicals experienced a strong year amid overall flat sales and rising raw material prices. Lower restructuring charges, the benefits of these restructuring efforts, and incremental investments in capacity resulted in significantly improved operating income.
In spite of a steep rise in raw material prices, Ethylene Amines benefited from its capacity improvement investments and posted excellent growth in sales and operating income, underlining its strong worldwide position in this tight market. Aided by further improvement of our operations in China, lower costs and superior technology, the results of our monochloroacetic acid business showed a solid gain over the previous year. As a consequence of the decision to eliminate regular chlorine transports by rail, the investment to relocate the MCAA plant from Hengelo to Delfzijl in the Netherlands was approved.
The creation of a production joint venture in the United States with BASF resulted in further efficiency improvements for the North American Chelates operations. Coupled with improvements in the marketplace, this led to significantly better results.
Higher sales of sodium hydrosulfide and sulfuric acid failed to offset the effects of difficult market conditions in carbon disulfide and thiocyanates, resulting in lower results for Sulfur Products. The inability to pass on higher raw material prices in a weak market led to disappointing performance by our PVC Additives business. However, major restructuring of sales and marketing activities was completed and should bring substantial improvements.
Base Chemicals
Sales 2004: EUR
575 million; 2003: EUR 544 million
Despite higher restructuring charges and record low caustic prices in the second quarter, operating income was virtually unchanged from last year, mainly reflecting a healthy chlorine business, higher volumes, and continuing cost reductions.
In 2004, the EU fully approved the Dutch governments financial compensation for the relocation of the Chlorine and MCAA plants from Hengelo to Delfzijl in compliance with the covenant concluded with the authorities to cease regular chlorine transports in the Netherlands.
Capacity at the Rotterdam chlorine plant will be increased from approximately 500,000 to 600,000 tons per annum to compensate for the discontinuation of the transports to Rotterdam and to meet future growth of our local customer base. After this expansion the Rotterdam plant will be one of the largest in the world.
Plans have been approved to reduce the number of manufacturing sites from seven to five in the coming years and to close three chlorine plants based on outdated mercury and diaphragm technology, which includes the plant in Bohus, Sweden.
As a consequence of these extensive restructuring processes our technology and cost base will be significantly improved.
In 2004, we substantially reduced our workforce, and even greater reductions are foreseen for the coming three years.
50
Spurred by healthy demand, the results of 30 percent joint venture Methanor were at a reasonable level despite high energy prices.
Polymer Chemicals
Sales 2004: EUR
494 million; 2003: EUR 492 million
Sales were near the 2003 level, despite the generally weak U.S. dollar. Two thirds of our global sales are U.S. dollar-related. Globally, we continued to benefit from strong demand in the polymer industry. The required margin improvements for our high polymer organic peroxide products in the Americas have not materialized yet. Price increases have been announced and are starting to be implemented.
Early in the year the business unit organization was changed from a regional to a global product line setup. This aligns our business better with the worldwide polymer industry as well as with the organizational trends of our major customers.
Operating income was down substantially from the previous year, as higher restructuring and impairment charges were only partially offset by the first results of these cost savings and restructuring efforts. As part of these efforts, we announced the move of our organic peroxide production from Emmerich, Germany, to Tianjin, China, and to Los Reyes, Mexico. Other decisions we announced in the course of the year included the discontinuation of part of our production in Itupeva, Brazil, Seneffe, Belgium, and our R&D activities in Dobbs Ferry, New York.
The antifouling and suspending agent products we acquired in 2003 performed well in Europe, but the introduction of these products in other parts of the world is making slower progress than anticipated.
Our growth in Asia Pacific in general and in China in particular is well on track. The new ketone peroxide and dimethyl phthalate plant in Tianjin, China, part of our majority-owned KANP joint venture, came on stream in the second quarter of 2004. In other areas, like cross linking peroxides produced in Ningbo, China, we posted double digit sales growth.
Our new business development projects made significant progress on their path to commercial success. In particular, the developments in high purity metal organics, continuous dosing technology for PVC production, and metal deposition chemicals are very promising.
We also recorded successes in R&D, in particular in the area of process yield improvements at several of our production units.
Salt
Sales 2004: EUR
274 million; 2003: EUR 267 million
Higher sales were offset by a number of one-time charges and higher energy prices causing operating income to remain below the 2003 level. Capacity utilization rates at chemical customers were high throughout the year. In our specialties business, stringent cost control and focus on best fitting markets continued to bring income gains.
We expect global salt demand to show continued growth in the coming years. Salt for the chemical market in Northwestern Europe and Asia Pacific will show growth above GDP rates. In Hengelo, the Netherlands, we made a 400,000 tons-per-annum addition to our production capacity, which is likely to be the first in a succession of capacity expansions in the coming decade.
51
The solar salt facility in Onslow, Western Australia, registered its third consecutive year of more than 20 percent volume growth. We expect to achieve full capacity utilization next year.
Technology and research efforts show promising new developments in the areas of product quality and costs, both for our vacuum and solar salt operations.
Energy
Sales 2004: EUR
175 million; 2003: EUR 171 million
The Dutch government support scheme for the efficient cogeneration of CO2-free electricity contributed positively to operating income. Our aim is to stimulate the improvement of energy efficiency in Akzo Nobels processes and improve the efficiency of energy production by our joint ventures through Combined Heat and Power generation.
Nonconsolidated Company Flexsys
Operating income of this 50 percent-owned rubber chemicals joint venture was better than in the previous year, which was principally caused by somewhat better economic conditions and the favorable effects of cost savings and production restructuring programs. The Nitro, West Virginia, Primary Accelerators Plant was closed down at the end of March 2004.
SOURCES AND AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIALS
Raw materials essential to our business are purchased in the normal course of business from numerous suppliers worldwide. Important raw materials or auxiliary materials for the Companys production processes are salt, petroleum and petroleum derivatives, natural gas, titanium dioxide, and electricity. In principal, these materials are widely available from multiple sources. No serious shortages or delays were encountered in 2004 and none are expected in 2005.
Although Akzo Nobel aims to use its purchasing power and long-term relationships with suppliers to acquire raw materials and their constant delivery at the best conditions, the Company cannot assure that it will always be able to establish or maintain good relationships with such suppliers or that such suppliers will continue to exist or be able to supply ingredients in conformity with regulatory requirements or the Companys requests.
MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
The Company sells its products in more than 130 countries. The sales, marketing and distribution functions are decentralized within the Company. Each business unit has its own sales, marketing and distribution network for its products. The organization of these functions varies from business unit to business unit.
For the geographical distribution of sales, see Item 5 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.
Pharma
The Company sells its human-healthcare
prescription medicines primarily through medical representatives to wholesale
drug distributors, independent and chain pharmacies, hospitals, government entities
and other institutions. The products are dispensed to the public through prescriptions
written by physicians. Similar
52
procedures generally apply for the animal-healthcare products, whereby representatives of the Company visit veterinarians or farmers.
The Company deploys sales forces of representatives and supporting medical staff to visit medical prescribers and healthcare purchasers or veterinarians to promote the Companys (prescription) products.
However, the traditional relationship between the Company and its ultimate customers is changing as a result of the Internet. Patients are better informed and want to have more of a say in their treatment. The Internet is a unique tool for establishing contacts between the Company, the prescribers of its products, and the end users.
For Diosynth, the producer of active ingredients for the pharmaceutical industry, some 60 percent of the sales are to third parties, mainly innovators in the United States and the European Union.
Coatings
Coatings are sold through
a range of distribution channels. The operations in the Decorative sector are
serving the Retail (Do-it-yourself), Trade (Professionals) and Specialties markets.
Due to concentration of retailers, their purchasing power is increasing. The
products of the other coatings activities are mainly sold through a direct sales
force.
Chemicals
Chemical products are sold
in a wide range of industries. These products are either marketed directly or
through independent merchants, wholesalers and distributors who resell them
to smaller users. Commodity products are sold through a direct sales force,
or through distributors primarily to other operators in the chemical industry.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The Companys intellectual property portfolio includes numerous patent applications and patents, trademark applications and registrations, domain name registrations and trade secrets, which all help to protect its products, processes, goodwill, and know-how. Where appropriate, the Company seeks intellectual property rights in relevant regional markets. The Company monitors its competitors, enforces its own intellectual property rights whenever and wherever advisable and challenges third party intellectual property rights and claims, whenever appropriate. Intellectual property agreements are in force with many of the Companys employees, and there are a numerous confidentiality agreements in force with customers and suppliers to protect the Companys know-how.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
Akzo Nobels businesses are subject to the normal regulatory framework applicable to a pharmaceutical and chemical company, notably various health, safety and environmental rules both at national and local levels. The Company also voluntarily conforms to a number of international and national codes of best practice appropriate to its business.
Besides the normal regulatory framework for chemical companies, the Company is subject to more extensive regulations for the veterinary and human pharmaceutical industry1. The international
1 | In this section, the term pharmaceutical industry encompasses both human and animal healthcare, unless specifically indicated. |
53
pharmaceutical industry is highly regulated. National and supranational regulatory authorities administer numerous laws and regulations regarding the testing, approval, manufacturing, import, labeling, and marketing of drugs, and also review the safety and effectiveness of pharmaceutical and biological products. Further regulations exist on the non-clinical and clinical development of pharmaceutical and biological products in particular. These regulatory requirements are a major factor in determining whether a substance can be developed into a marketable product and the amount of time and expense associated with such development.
The introduction of new pharmaceutical products generally entails a lengthy regulatory approval process. Of particular importance is the requirement in all major countries that products be authorized or registered by governmental regulatory authorities prior to marketing and that such authorization or registration is maintained subsequently. The regulatory process requires increased testing and documentation for clearance of new drugs and vaccines, and a corresponding increase in the expense of product development. To register such a product, a registration file containing evidence regarding the quality, safety and efficacy of the product must be submitted to regulatory authorities. The registration process may take one to several years, depending on the jurisdiction, the quality of the data submitted, the efficiency of the registration authoritys procedures and the nature of the product.
In the United States, applications for drug registration are submitted to and reviewed by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Registrations of veterinary vaccines are reviewed by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) in a slightly different procedure. The FDA regulates the testing, approval, manufacturing, labeling, and marketing of pharmaceutical products intended for commercialization in the United States, as well as the monitoring of all pharmaceutical products currently on the U.S. market. The pharmaceutical development and registration process is intensive, lengthy and rigorous. A new drug application is filed with the FDA if the data demonstrate sufficient quality, safety and efficacy. The new drug application must contain all the specific information that has been gathered and also covers all subjects tested in clinical trials. Very similar requirements apply to field trials for veterinary drugs and to vaccine registrations with the USDA.
If the FDA or the USDA, as the case may be, approves a new drug application, the new becomes available for physicians or veterinarians to prescribe.
Thereafter for human drugs, the drug license owner must submit periodic update reports to the FDA, including any cases of adverse reactions. For some drugs, the FDA requires additional studies to evaluate long-term effects or to gather information on the use of the product under special conditions. The FDA also requires compliance with standards relating to laboratory, clinical and manufacturing practices.
In the European Union (EU), there are two main procedures for application for marketing authorization, namely the Centralized Procedure and the Mutual Recognition Procedure. In the Centralized Procedure, applications are made to the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) for review and a scientific opinion by its Committees. The EMEAs opinion is forwarded to the European commission for authorization, which is valid across all EU member-states. The Centralized Procedure is mandatory for all biotechnology products and optional for other new chemical compounds or innovative medicinal products. In the Mutual Recognition Procedure, a first authorization is granted by a single EU member-state. Subsequently, mutual recognition of this first authorization can be sought from the remaining EU member-states. EU member-states also run their own pharmacovigilance systems to which post-marketing adverse events are reported. The EMEA coordinates the pharmacovigilance activities within the EU. In the EU, pharmaceutical companies have to comply with GLP, GMP, and GCP regulations in order to develop, produce and test pharmaceutical and biological products.
54
In Japan, applications for marketing authorization are made to the Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Organization (PMDA). After a check on GLP and GCP compliance and a reliability review of the data, the PMDA performs a scientific review of the NDA application and prepares a review report. This review report is forwarded to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW). The review report of the PMDA is also forwarded to the Pharmaceutical Affairs Food & Sanitation Council (PAFSC) a consultative body to the MHLW. After advice from the PAFSC, only the Minister of MHLW is authorized to issue a license.
PRICE CONTROLS
In addition to the forms of regulation already referred to, in many countries the prices of human pharmaceutical products are controlled by law and are subject to drug reimbursement programs with varying price control mechanisms. Governments may also influence the prices of pharmaceutical products through their control of national healthcare organizations, which may bear a large part of the cost of supplying such products to consumers. Generic substitution becomes an increasingly important issue worldwide, and it is actively supported by governmental and healthcare policies in several countries.
In the United States, debate over the reform of the healthcare system has resulted in an increased focus on pricing. Although there are currently no government price controls over private sector purchases in the United States, federal legislation requires pharmaceutical manufacturers to pay prescribed rebates on certain drugs to enable them to be eligible for reimbursement under certain healthcare programs. In the absence of new government regulation, managed care has become a potent force in the market place that increases downward pressure on the prices of the pharmaceutical products. In addition, the current national debate over Medicare costs could increase pricing pressures. As of January 1, 2006, Medicare pay for outpatient pharmaceutical coverage for beneficiaries and the U.S. government could use its enormous purchasing power to demand discounts from pharmaceutical companies thereby creating de facto price controls on prescription drugs. On the other hand, Medicare coverage of outpatient pharmaceuticals may increase the volume of pharmaceutical drug purchases, offsetting, at least in part, potential price discounts. As a result, we expect that pressure on pricing and operating results will continue.
In the EU, governments influence the price of human pharmaceutical and biological products through their control of national healthcare systems that fund a large part of the cost of such products to consumers. The downward pressure on healthcare systems in general, particularly prescription drugs, has become very intense. As a result, increasingly high barriers are being erected to the entry of new products, as exemplified by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence in the United Kingdom, which evaluates the data supporting new medicines and passes reimbursement recommendations to the government. In addition, in some countries cross-border imports from low-priced markets (parallel imports) exert a commercial pressure on pricing within a country.
In Japan, the National Health Ministry biannually reviews the pharmaceutical prices of individual human products. In the past, these reviews have resulted in price reductions. The Japanese government intends a healthcare reform and the pharmaceutical pricing system will be one of the issues closely looked at. Key issues are the evaluation of innovative products and the pricing of long-listed products, including the biannual reduction of reimbursement prices adjusted for actual discounts given. For veterinary products, a similar procedure applies whereby the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries is authorized to issue licenses
C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Reference is made to Exhibit 8 for a list of the Companys subsidiaries.
55
D. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
A substantial portion of Akzo Nobels principal production plants and research facilities are located in Europe and North America. Akzo Nobels principal production plants and research facilities are located in the Netherlands, Germany, United Kingdom, Sweden, France, Italy, the United States and Brazil. In total, Akzo Nobel has over 300 production plants throughout the world.
The most important production sites for Pharma are in Oss and Boxmeer, the Netherlands; Dublin, Ireland; Unterschleißheim, Germany; Morrisville, North Carolina; and DeSoto, Kansas.
The major Coatings sites are based in Montataire, France; Sassenheim, the Netherlands; Cologne, Germany; Barcelona, Spain; Cernobbio, Italy; Malmö, Sweden; Darwen and Hull, United Kingdom; Houston, Texas; Columbus, Ohio; High Point, North Carolina; Nashville, Tennessee; São Paulo, Brazil; Suzhou Jiashan, and Tianjin, China; Chilseo, Republic of Korea; and Melbourne, Australia.
For Chemicals, the major production sites are located in Delfzijl, Hengelo, and Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Bohus and Stenungsund, Sweden; and Pasadena, Texas.
Akzo Nobels policy is generally to acquire its own facilities. The net book value of its property, plant equipment was EUR 3.5 billion at December 31, 2004. The book value of property, plant and equipment financed by installment buying and leasing was EUR 44 million at December 31, 2004. Akzo Nobel has rented certain offices and warehouses by means of operational leases.
Akzo Nobel believes that its production plants and research facilities are well maintained and generally adequate to meet its needs for the foreseeable future.
Further discussions on relevant developments in property, plant and equipment are included in Item 4.B under Business Review and Developments at Business Units.
For environmental issues affecting the Companys properties, reference is made to Legal Proceedings in Item 8 Financial Information.
Item 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
The following discussion is based on the consolidated financial statements of Akzo Nobel included in this annual report under Item 18 and should be read in conjunction with those statements and the other financial information included herein, including the industry segment information and information by geographical area.
The consolidated financial statements of Akzo Nobel appearing in this annual report are prepared in accordance with NL GAAP, which differ in certain respects from US GAAP. The significant differences between NL GAAP and US GAAP affecting Akzo Nobel's net income and shareholders equity are described in Note 22 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Akzo Nobel.
Any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments, or events that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on the Companys net sales, income from operations, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause the reported financial information not necessarily to be indicative of future operating results or financial condition, if any, are discussed in the relevant chapters below. For developments in the first
56
quarter of 2005 reference is made the Report for the 1st Quarter of 2005, which has been furnished on Form 6-K to the Commission, which is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report.
2004 COMPARED TO 2003
Net income was up 42 percent to EUR 856 million, which is EUR 3.00 per share (2003: EUR 2.11). The main reason for the increase is the gain on the divestments of Catalysts, Phosphorus Chemicals, and Coating Resins. In addition, earnings of Coatings and Chemicals benefited from growth and cost savings, partially offset by increasing raw material and energy prices. As expected Pharmas results were down due to the loss of Remeron® sales, while 2003 earnings benefited from the initial payment of EUR 88 million from Pfizer for the asenapine cooperation. In 2004, the Company recognized charges of EUR 199 million for the Remeron® and antitrust cases.
Sales, Cost, and Income
|
||||
Condensed statement of income | ||||
Millions of euros |
2004
|
2003
|
||
|
||||
Net sales | 12,688 | 13,051 | ||
Cost of sales | (6,851 | ) | (6,933 | ) |
|
|
|||
Gross margin | 5,837 | 6,118 | ||
Selling, R&D, and G&A expenses, other results | (4,648 | ) | (4,771 | ) |
Restructuring and impairment charges | (199 | ) | (308 | ) |
Antitrust and Remeron® court cases | (199 | ) | ||
Results on divestments | 509 | 25 | ||
|
|
|||
Operating income | 1,300 | 1,064 | ||
Financing charges, net | (123 | ) | (166 | ) |
|
|
|||
Operating income less financing charges | 1,177 | 898 | ||
Income taxes | (298 | ) | (254 | ) |
|
|
|||
Earnings of consolidated companies after taxes | 879 | 644 | ||
Earnings from nonconsolidated companies | 12 | 7 | ||
|
|
|||
Earnings before minority interest | 891 | 651 | ||
Minority interest | (35 | ) | (49 | ) |
|
|
|||
Net income | 856 | 602 | ||
|
|
57
Sales
Net sales in 2004 were EUR 12.7 billion, down 3 percent on the previous year. Autonomous (sales volume and price) growth was 2 percent, which did not fully compensate the negative effect of currency translation (3 percent) and of divestments and acquisitions (on balance 2 percent).
|
||||||||||
In
percent
|
Total
|
Volume
|
Price
|
Currency
translation
|
Divestments/
acquisitions
|
|||||
|
||||||||||
Pharma |
(9
|
) | (7 | ) |
1
|
(3
|
) | - | ||
Coatings |
2
|
4 |
1
|
(2
|
) | (1 | ) | |||
Chemicals |
(4
|
) | 4 |
1
|
(3
|
) | (6 | ) | ||
Akzo Nobel |
(3
|
) | 1 |
1
|
(3
|
) | (2 | ) | ||
|
The negative currency translation impact predominantly related to the weakening of the U.S. dollar and various Asian currencies.
Acquisitions principally concerned Timpe & Mock (deco wholesaler in Germany) and AON Motor Accident Management (United Kingdom), while divestments mainly related to Impregnated Papers sold in 2003 and Catalysts and Phosphorus Chemicals sold in 2004.
Operating Income
Operating income was EUR 1,300 million, on balance 22 percent up on 2003. Return on sales was 10.2 percent, compared with 8.2 percent in 2003.
|
||||||||||||||
Change from 2003 | ||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
Millions of euros |
Operating
income
for
2004
|
Total
change
from
2003
|
Operational
performance
|
Divestments
|
Currency
translation
|
Lower
pension
charges
|
Restructuring
and
impairment
charges;
court
cases;
and gains
on
divestments
|
|||||||
|
||||||||||||||
Pharma | 398 | (140 | ) | (153 | ) | (30 | ) |
13
|
30 | |||||
Coatings | 360 | (9 | ) | 15 | (5 | ) | (16 | ) |
13
|
(16 | ) | |||
Chemicals | 762 | 505 | 35 | (27 | ) | (7 | ) |
12
|
492 | |||||
Other | (220 | ) | (120 | ) | 1 |
12
|
(133 | ) | ||||||
|
||||||||||||||
Akzo Nobel | 1,300 | 236 | (102 | ) | (32 | ) | (53 | ) |
50
|
373 | ||||
|
All groups felt the impact of weaker key currencies, but benefited from lower pension costs.
Pharmas earnings were down on the previous year, when the initial Pfizer payment of EUR 88 million for the asenapine cooperation was included. The income decline due to the loss of the Remeron® market exclusivity in the United States continued but bottomed out in the latter part of the year. In the rest of the world, Remeron® held up in the first part of the year, but toward the end sales started to erode. Sales of Puregon® and Livial® were also lower, but picked up again in the fourth quarter of 2004. The impact of these
58
sales declines was partially offset by cost savings. Diosynths result was significantly down to break-even level. On balance, charges for restructurings, impairments, and court cases were lower than in 2003.
Coatings benefited from 5 percent autonomous growth and its major cost-saving programs but was also impacted by significantly increasing raw material prices. On balance restructuring and impairment charges were somewhat higher than in 2003.
Chemicals also benefited from 5 percent autonomous growth and its major cost-saving programs but also felt the impact of significantly increasing raw material and energy prices. Chemicals in addition achieved a substantial nonrecurring gain on the divestment of Catalysts, Phosphorus Chemicals, and Coating Resins.
The decline under Other mainly related to charges for the antitrust cases the Company is involved in.
R&D
expenses
R&D expenses were EUR
823 million, which is 6.5 percent of sales. For 2003, this was EUR 887 million
and 6.8 percent, respectively. Pharmas R&D expenses were maintained
at 16 percent of sales, reflecting its continuous commitment to research and
development. In 2004, Organon again spent 19 percent of its sales on research.
For Coatings and Chemicals this ratio remained unchanged at some 3 percent.
Financing
Charges, net
Financing charges decreased
from EUR 166 million in 2003 to EUR 123 million in 2004, reflecting the substantial
reduction of net borrowings as a result of proceeds from divestments. In addition,
due to the weaker U.S. dollar, interest denominated in this currency translated
into lower financing charges.
Income
Taxes
The income tax charge for
2004 amounted to 25 percent, compared with 28 percent in 2003 reflecting the
somewhat changed geographic distribution of the Companys results, and
the fact that a significant portion of the gains on divestments was non taxable.
Earnings
from Nonconsolidated Companies
Earnings from nonconsolidated
companies at EUR 12 million were up on 2003 (EUR 7 million). Flexsys did significantly
better than in 2003, which more than offset the loss of earnings from the divested
Catalysts joint ventures. Earnings of the Companys remaining 20 percent-stake
in its former Fibers activities were lower, while the Turkish printing inks
joint venture Dyo Sadolin did better.
59
Restructuring
and Impairment Charges
The restructuring and impairment
charges in 2004 consists of the following elements:
|
||
Millions of euros | ||
|
||
Asset impairments at | ||
- Pharma | (31 | ) |
- Coatings | (16 | ) |
- Chemicals | (27 | ) |
Restructurings at | ||
- Pharma | (20 | ) |
- Coatings | (38 | ) |
- Chemicals | (63 | ) |
- Other | (4 | ) |
|
||
Total | (199 | ) |
|
Pharmas restructuring charges mainly concern impairment and closure costs of the Organon production site in West Orange, New Jersey, and other worldwide cost reduction programs.
Coatings restructuring charges predominantly concern the rationalization programs at Car Refinishes.
Restructurings and impairments at Chemicals relate to the closure of a Surface Chemistry site in the United Kingdom, the chlorine production in Bohus, Sweden, and staff cuts at Polymer Chemicals in Germany.
As can be noted from the above, impairment charges mainly relate to assets on sites (to be) closed. The impairment was determined based on the estimated fair value at which the assets are expected to be sold. Assets, for which it is not possible to be sold, were written down to zero.
Antitrust
and Remeron® Court Cases
Mainly due to the recently
imposed fines by the European Commission for breaching competition laws in the
markets for monochloroacetic acid (EUR 84 million) and choline chloride (EUR
21 million), the Company added EUR 110 million to the provision for anti-trust
cases. The Company has appealed the fines imposed.
Settlement of most of the Remeron® cases resulted in a charge of EUR 89 million.
Reference is made to Item 8 Financial Information, for further descriptions on the anti-trust and Remeron® cases.
Results
on Divestments
The gain on divestments
in 2004 mainly related to Catalysts, Phosphorus Chemicals and Coating Resins.
The gain in 2003 predominantly concerned the divestment of Chemicals property
in the United Kingdom.
Restructuring
of Activities
Provisions for restructuring
of activities comprise accruals for certain employee termination benefits and
for costs which are directly associated with plans to exit specific activities,
primarily related to costs associated with closing down facilities.
60
|
||||||
Millions of euros |
Termination
benefits
|
Exit
costs
|
Total
provision
|
|||
|
||||||
Balance at December 31, 2002 | 182 | 150 | 332 | |||
Changes in exchange rates | (4 | ) | (6 | ) | (10 | ) |
Additions charged to income as restructuring charge | 149 | 21 | 170 | |||
Other additions charged to income | 14 | 4 | 18 | |||
Utilization | (133 | ) | (86 | ) | (219 | ) |
Divestiture | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | ||
|
|
|
||||
Balance at December 31, 2003 | 208 | 81 | 289 | |||
Changes in exchange rates | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | ||
Additions charged to income as restructuring charge | 95 | 31 | 126 | |||
Other additions charged to income/transfer between | ||||||
categories | (12 | ) | 14 | 2 | ||
Utilization | (119 | ) | (53 | ) | (172 | ) |
Divestiture | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | ||
|
||||||
Balance at December 31, 2004 | 170 | 71 | 241 | |||
|
2004 movements
For the additions charged
to income reference is made to the disclosure under restructuring and impairment
charges in 2004 compared to 2003. The additions to termination benefits involve
approximately 1,840 jobs at various sites all over the world.
During 2004, the total amount paid and charged against the related liability amounted to EUR 119 million for termination benefits and EUR 53 million for exit costs. These payments and charges all concerned the execution of plans decided upon during 2004 and prior years.
The Company has a sizeable number of restructuring programs involving personnel reductions at numerous sites all over the world, none of which are individually significant to the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
2003 movements
For the additions charged
to income reference is made to the disclosure under restructuring and impairment
charges in 2003 compared to 2002. The additions to termination benefits involve
approximately 2,165 jobs at various sites all over the world.
During 2003, the total amount paid and charged against the related liability amounted to EUR 133 million for termination benefits and EUR 86 million for exit costs. These payments and charges all concerned the execution of plans decided upon during 2003 and prior years.
61
Number
of employees
The number of employees
developed as follows:
|
||||||||||
Number
of employees |
December
31,
2004
|
Restructurings
|
Divestments/
acquisitions
|
Other
changes
|
December
31,
2003
|
|||||
|
||||||||||
Pharma | 19,390 | (1,410 | ) | (80 | ) | 200 | 20,680 | |||
Coatings | 29,070 | (660 | ) | 580 | 810 | 28,340 | ||||
Chemicals | 11,890 | (530 | ) | (2,110 | ) | 120 | 14,410 | |||
Others | 1,100 | (50 | ) | 1,150 | ||||||
|
||||||||||
Akzo Nobel | 61,450 | (2,650 | ) | (1,610 | ) | 1,130 | 64,580 | |||
|
The Company was well prepared to face the multitude of challenges of the year. Ongoing restructuring programs were vigorously pursued, and various new programs were started to address pressure on our earnings. As a result, our workforce was reduced by 2,650 people. Since the start of our major program in 2001, our restructuring actions have resulted in a headcount reduction by almost 9,000.
Our strong focus on restructuring, costs, and cash did not prevent us from investing in new growth opportunities in high growth regions. We are actively participating in attractive growth in Asia, particularly China, and in Eastern Europe.
Sales and Operating
Income by Activities
Earnings development per
group was as follows.
|
||||||||
Net sales | Operating income | |||||||
Millions of euros |
2004
|
2003
|
2004
|
2003
|
||||
|
||||||||
Pharma | 3,246 | 3,550 | 398 | 538 | ||||
Coatings | 5,249 | 5,160 | 360 | 369 | ||||
Chemicals | 4,305 | 4,470 | 762 | 257 | ||||
Miscellaneous products, intragroup | ||||||||
deliveries, and eliminations | (112 | ) | (129 | ) | (220 | ) | (100 | ) |
|
||||||||
Total | 12,688 | 13,051 | 1,300 | 1,064 | ||||
|
62
Pharma Group
|
||||
Business
unit
|
Percentage
of
net sales
2004
|
Country
of origin
|
Percentage
of
net sales
2004
|
|
|
||||
Organon |
59
|
The Netherlands |
33
|
|
Intervet |
30
|
Germany |
6
|
|
Diosynth |
11
|
United Kingdom |
4
|
|
France |
5
|
|||
Other European countries |
25
|
|||
USA and Canada |
14
|
|||
Latin America |
5
|
|||
Asia |
6
|
|||
Other regions |
2
|
|||
|
Pharma continued to work hard to reduce the complexity within its business units and improve operational efficiencies. U.S. dollar weakness and increasingly stiff competition made these steps all the more important. Despite Pharmas best efforts, sales and operating income were down substantially, continuing the downward trend triggered in December 2002 by the loss of exclusivity of Remeron®, which until then had been our leading antidepressant. Also expenses of EUR 89 million were incurred for the settlement of most of the Remeron® cases. In addition, in 2003 Pharma benefited from the payment of EUR 88 million for the asenapine cooperation by Pfizer.
Addressing the Remeron® lifecycle management issues was the biggest challenge for Organon in 2004. Organon entered into several agreements with generic companies to help market the product while managing Remeron®SolTab®, which remains exclusive in some markets. Also, most of the key lawsuits concerning Remeron® in the United States were settled, resulting in a charge of EUR 89 million.
Sales of Organons key products developed as follows:
|
||||||
Millions of euros or % |
Total
|
Autonomous
|
||||
2004
sales
|
change
%
|
growth
%1
|
||||
|
||||||
Remeron® in U.S. | 47 | (77 | ) | (75 | ) | |
Remeron® in rest of world | 316 | | | |||
Contraceptives | 522 | 1 | 4 | |||
- of which NuvaRing® | 81 | 102 | 115 | |||
Puregon®/Follistim® | 285 | (14 | ) | (11 | ) | |
Livial® | 160 | (19 | ) | (17 | ) | |
|
R&D achievements help move Organon forward and the progress made in 2004 give us confidence. Follistim®-AQ cartridge was approved in the United States, which should add to sales of this key fertility product. The asenapine program with Pfizer has made good progress. Phase III is well under way; FDA
1 |
Autonomous
sales growth is defined as the change in sales attributable to changed
volumes and selling prices. In this case it only excludes
the change in sales attributable to currency translation effects. Acquisitions
and divestments were not applicable.
Reference is made to the remarks under Introduction on page 4. |
63
and European EMEA submissions are planned for the first half of 2007. The approvable letter for the Implanon® birth control implant should also positively affect the second half of 2005 in the United States. There was, however, some negative R&D news, most notably the FDA rejection of our application for the antidepressant gepirone ER in June 2004.
Diosynth had a very difficult year with sales down 24 percent, reflecting the overall situation of the contract manufacturing industry. In the biotechnology segment, several new manufacturing contracts were awarded, some of which may prove significant in the future.
In August, we announced the integration of Diosynth and Organon, which will combine Pharmas knowhow, especially in the biotechnology area, and simplify supply chain management. Third-party customers of Diosynth will continue to be served under the Diosynth name.
The major news in the animal health sector was the recurrence of avian flu. Intervet provided support to various governments in addressing this serious threat. It also took steps to improve operational efficiency, the first results of which are clearly reflected in earnings.
Coatings Group
|
|||||
Business unit |
Percentage
of
net sales 2004 |
Country
of origin
|
Percentage
of
net sales 2004 |
||
|
|||||
Decorative Coatings | 36 | The Netherlands | 6 | ||
Industrial Coatings and Finishes | 30 | Germany | 10 | ||
Marine & Protective Coatings | 17 | Sweden | 7 | ||
Car Refinishes | 17 | United Kingdom | 11 | ||
France | 9 | ||||
Other European countries | 22 | ||||
USA and Canada | 15 | ||||
Latin America | 4 | ||||
Asia | 12 | ||||
Other regions | 4 | ||||
|
Coatings operating income was slightly down on 2003, mainly due to higher restructuring and impairment charges. Coatings reaped the benefits from high volume growth, tight cost control, but was impacted by steeply increasing raw material costs and difficult economic circumstances in Europe. All business units achieved performance gains, except for Car Refinishes, where a major restructuring program is being implemented to address this situation. In the fourth quarter of 2004, margins were under pressure from increased raw material prices, in particular in the industrial activities. All in all, Coatings is well under way on its road map to the medium-term ROI target of 25 percent (based on an operating income figure excluding restructuring and impairment charges).
In 2004, sales grew autonomously by 5 percent, mainly in emerging markets (mainly Eastern Europe, Asia, and Latin America), which now represent 32 percent of worldwide sales. We opened two new multipurpose Industrial Finishes sites in China and a new Non-Stick Coatings facility in Brazil. Marine & Protective Coatings established International Paint Japan to serve Japanese and worldwide marine coatings
64
customers also directly in this important market. We also completed investments in two new Powder Coatings sites in China and a new Decorative Coatings facility in Vietnam.
During the year, we established Nobilas Claims & Fleet Solutions as a separate business unit to fully exploit the potential to become the leading provider in all areas of accident management services.
We continued to improve our business mix by divesting eight small noncore businesses and making selective acquisitions, such as Rhenacoat coil coatings in France and BASFs joinery business.
Decorative Coatings Europe remained focused on extending its distribution channels by acquiring ten wholesalers. In Germanythe biggest coatings market in Europewe stepped up efforts to improve our position by acquiring Timpe & Mock and taking a 30 percent shareholding in Peters.
To realign the business with changing market conditions, Car Refinishes announced a major restructuring program, involving 10 percent of its global workforce.
Our main challenge continues to be a balancing act between our unwavering commitment to reducing our cost base in mature markets and at the same time capturing growth opportunities in emerging markets through a combination of selective acquisitions and organic growth.
Chemicals Group
|
|||||
Business unit |
Percentage
of net sales 2004 |
Country
of origin
|
Percentage
of net sales 2004 |
||
|
|||||
Pulp and Paper Chemicals | 21 | The Netherlands | 29 | ||
Surface Chemistry | 19 | Germany | 7 | ||
Functional Chemicals | 13 | Sweden | 18 | ||
Base Chemicals | 13 | UK | 3 | ||
Polymer Chemical | 11 | Other European countries | 10 | ||
Salt | 6 | USA and Canada | 23 | ||
Energy | 4 | Latin America | 3 | ||
Divested operations | 13 | Asia | 6 | ||
Other regions | 1 | ||||
|
Akzo Nobel Chemicals experienced substantial profit growth triggered by gains on the divestments. Global demand increased and results further benefited from cost savings and manufacturing efficiency improvements, partially offset by the impact of increased raw material and energy prices.
Sales and operating income excluding the divested businesses1 increased on 2003 by 1 percent and 16 percent, respectively. Improvements were achieved in particular by Functional Chemicals and Pulp & Paper Chemicals, and Surface Chemistry. Earnings of Salt were under pressure. Results of Polymer Chemicals were also lower, mainly due to higher restructuring and impairment charges.
1 | See also Note 22 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
65
During the year the divestments of Catalysts, Phosphorus Chemicals, and Coating Resins were successfully carried out. The divestment program generated proceeds of close to EUR 1 billion, which is above the annual sales of these businesses and reflects their solid value.
Key investment projects in 2004 included the EUR 50 million Pulp & Paper chemical factory island within the Veracel paper mill complex at Eunapolis in Brazil and the start of the EUR 160 million relocation of Chlorine and MCAA plants from Hengelo to Delfzijl, the Netherlands. This project is supported by the Dutch government in order to end chlorine transports by rail in the Netherlands.
Our investment in China now comprises seven factories covering the Polymer, Paper, and Functional Chemicals market segments. Our combined chemicals sales in China in 2004 aggregated some EUR 130 million and are growing rapidly.
2004 was a year of streamlining, restructuring, and consolidation of the R&D activities in and across Chemicals' business units to improve the effectiveness of operations. Despite these organizational changes, some new technologies and products were developed.
Geographic Developments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales, | Net sales, | Identifiable | ||||||||||||||
by destination | by origin | Operating income | assets | |||||||||||||
Millions of euros |
2004
|
2003 |
2004
|
2003
|
2004
|
2003 |
2004
|
2003
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Netherlands | 826 | 825 | 2,624 | 2,546 | 72 | 171 | 2,799 | 2,942 | ||||||||
Germany | 1,159 | 1,147 | 1,043 | 1,088 | 92 | 73 | 823 | 798 | ||||||||
Sweden | 506 | 510 | 1,152 | 1,102 | 30 | 66 | 846 | 773 | ||||||||
United Kingdom | 831 | 840 | 846 | 798 | (110 | ) | (118 | ) | 944 | 913 | ||||||
Other European countries | 4,012 | 3,963 | 2,918 | 3,100 | 508 | 509 | 2,098 | 2,074 | ||||||||
USA and Canada | 2,443 | 2,944 | 2,220 | 2,604 | (72 | ) | 94 | 1,636 | 2,014 | |||||||
Latin America | 726 | 704 | 490 | 470 | 67 | 60 | 454 | 400 | ||||||||
Asia | 1,535 | 1,453 | 1,084 | 1,022 | 158 | 125 | 835 | 848 | ||||||||
Other regions | 650 | 665 | 311 | 321 | 46 | 59 | 284 | 302 | ||||||||
Results on divestments |
509
|
25 | ||||||||||||||
Eliminations, cash and | ||||||||||||||||
cash equivalents, and | ||||||||||||||||
nonconsolidated | ||||||||||||||||
companies, net | 1,686 | 890 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total | 12,688 | 13,051 | 12,688 | 13,051 | 1,300 | 1,064 | 12,405 | 11,954 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales and earnings in 2004 were affected by the weakening of key foreign currencies relative to the euro, mainly concerning the U.S. dollar and various Asian currencies, and the divestments made in Chemicals.
Sales in the United States of Pharma were affected by intensified generic competition in 2004 for Remeron®, while Chemicals sales were down due to the divestment of Catalysts. Both Coatings and Chemicals activities clearly grew in China.
In 2004, operating income in The Netherlands and Germany benefited from the divestments in Chemicals. This was also the case for the United States, where this favorable effect however was more than offset by the decline of Remeron®. Earnings in Sweden declined due to higher restructuring and other costs. In the
66
United Kingdom, results remained under pressure from pension costs. The course of business in Latin America clearly improved, while the Company in Asia also achieved healthy earnings growth.
2003 COMPARED TO 2002
For Akzo Nobel, 2003 was a very challenging year with a lot of headwind. In general, there was no or even negative growth in the Companys markets in Europe, North America, and Latin America, although in the United States there were signs of recovery in the fourth quarter. The weakening of the U.S. dollar and related currencies and higher pension charges impacted heavily on our top and bottom lines. Moreover, our traditionally most profitable business Organon was confronted with the loss of market exclusivity for its key drug Remeron® in the United States, which put significant pressure on results.
Trying to face this multitude of challenges, ongoing restructuring programs were accelerated, and many new programs were started. The continued process of pruning our portfolio resulted in several divestments. Altogether, our total workforce was reduced from 67,900 to 64,600.
The strong focus on restructuring, costs, and cash did not prevent us from investing in new growth opportunities in high growth regions. We are participating in the growth in Asia, particularly China.
Even in this challenging year, we showed serious commitment to a multiyear debt reduction program: we were able to bring net debt down by EUR 0.8 billion and to substantially improve our balance sheet. We also achieved an increase of the average maturity of our long-term debt through the successful issue of public bonds.
Sales, Cost, and Income
|
|
|
|
|
Condensed statement of income | ||||
Millions of euros |
2003
|
2002
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales | 13,051 | 14,002 | ||
Cost of sales | (6,933 | ) | (7,301 | ) |
|
|
|||
Gross margin | 6,118 | 6,701 | ||
Selling, R&D, and G&A expenses, other results | (4,771 | ) | (5,194 | ) |
Restructuring and impairment charges | (308 | ) | (236 | ) |
Results on divestments | 25 | 91 | ||
|
|
|||
Operating income | 1,064 | 1,362 | ||
Financing charges, net | (166 | ) | (204 | ) |
|
|
|||
Operating income less financing charges | 898 | 1,158 | ||
Income taxes | (254 | ) | (335 | ) |
|
|
|||
Earnings of consolidated companies after taxes | 644 | 823 | ||
Earnings from nonconsolidated companies | 7 | 30 | ||
|
|
|||
Earnings before minority interest | 651 | 853 | ||
Minority interest | (49 | ) | (35 | ) |
|
|
|||
Net income | 602 | 818 | ||
|
|
67
Sales
Sales in
2003 were EUR 13.1 billion, 7 percent down on the previous year. Autonomous
(sales volume and price) growth was flat, while currency translation had a negative
impact of 8 percent. Sales developed as follows:
|
|||||||||||||||
Currency
|
|||||||||||||||
In percent |
Total
|
Volume
|
Price
|
translation
|
Acquisitions
|
Divestments
|
|||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||
Pharma | (11 | ) | (3 | ) | 1 | (9 | ) | | | ||||||
Coatings | (5 | ) | 1 | 2 | (7 | ) | 2 | (3 | ) | ||||||
Chemicals | (4 | ) | | 1 | (7 | ) | 3 | (1 | ) | ||||||
Akzo Nobel | (7 | ) | (1 | ) | 1 | (8 | ) | 2 | (1 | ) | |||||
|
The negative currency translation impact predominantly related to the weakening of the U.S. dollar, the pound sterling, the Brazilian real, and various Asian currencies.
Acquisitions mainly concerned Ferros powder coatings business, Cromptons Industrial Specialties, and ECI Elektro-Chemie. Divestments mainly related to Impregnated Papers.
Operating
Income
Operating income was EUR
1,064 million, on balance 22 percent below 2002. The improvement in operational
performance attributable to significant cost savings did not fully offset the
EUR 300 million negative effect from currency translation and higher pension
charges, and the EUR 138 million higher restructuring and impairment charges.
Operating income developed as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change from 2002 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Restructuring | ||||||||||||
Operating | Total | Increased | and impairment | |||||||||
income for | change from | Operational | Currency | pension | charges/ gains | |||||||
Millions of euros | 2003 | 2002 | performance | translation | charges | on divestments | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pharma | 538 | (209 | ) | 67 | (110 | ) | (32 | ) | (134 | ) | ||
Coatings1 | 369 | (55 | ) | 43 | (47 | ) | (32 | ) | (19 | ) | ||
Chemicals1 | 257 | (13 | ) | 17 | (13 | ) | (32 | ) | 15 | |||
Other | (100 | ) | (21 | ) | 13 | | (34 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Akzo Nobel | 1,064 | (298 | ) | 140 | (170 | ) | (130 | ) | (138 | ) | ||
|
All three groups registered a positive operational performance. At Pharma, significant cost savings and the initial payment from Pfizer for the asenapine cooperation of EUR 88 million, more than offset the drop in Remeron® earnings in the United States. Coatings and Chemicals clearly did better than in 2002, as a result of substantial cost savings.
Operating income disclosed as Other was positively influenced by lower additions to corporate provisions and some currency gains.
1 | 2003 and 2002 figures have been adjusted for a minor regrouping of activities between Coatings and Chemicals. |
68
R&D Expenses
R&D expenses were EUR 887 million, which is 6.8 percent of sales. For 2002, this was EUR 912 million and 6.5 percent, respectively. Pharmas R&D expenses as a percentage of sales were increased to 16 percent (2002: 15 percent), reflecting continuous commitment to research and development. Organon spent 19 percent of its sales on research (2002: 18 percent). For Coatings and Chemicals this ratio remained unchanged at 3 percent.
Restructuring and Impairment Charges
The restructuring and impairment charges in 2003 consist of the following elements:
|
|
|
Millions of euros | ||
|
|
|
Asset impairments at | ||
- Pharma | (114 | ) |
- Coatings | (5 | ) |
- Chemicals | (19 | ) |
Restructurings at | ||
- Pharma | (40 | ) |
- Coatings | (40 | ) |
- Chemicals | (90 | ) |
|
|
|
Total | (308 | ) |
|
Impairment charges at Pharma were made in the context of the reassessment and redefinition of its global business, production, and marketing strategy. The writedowns concern facilities in the United States, Japan, United Kingdom, and some other countries.
The restructuring charges consist of provisions for severance payments and other restructuring costs. At Pharma, these predominantly concern the worldwide restructurings at Organon. Coatings charges relate to the restructuring of Transportation Coatings and cost saving measures at various other activities. At Chemicals, restructuring costs were incurred for especially Polymer Chemicals, Surface Chemistry, Base Chemicals, and Chelates.
In total, these restructurings affect 2,165 jobs worldwide.
Results on Divestments
The gain on divestments in 2003 predominantly concerned the divestment of Chemicals property in the United Kingdom. The gain on divestments in 2002 related to the divestment of Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd in the United Kingdom and several other smaller divestments.
Financing Charges, net
Financing charges decreased from EUR 204 million in 2002 to EUR 166 million in 2003. This was the result of a substantial reduction of net borrowings and lower short-term interest rates. Furthermore, due to the weaker U.S. dollar, interest denominated in this currency translated into lower financing charges.
69
Income Taxes
The income tax charge for 2003 amounted to 28 percent, compared with 29 percent in 2002, reflecting the somewhat changed geographic distribution of the Companys results.
Earnings from Nonconsolidated Companies
Earnings from nonconsolidated companies at EUR 7 million were sharply below 2002. Methanor, Acordis, and Brazilian catalyst joint venture FCC did better, while earnings of Flexsys declined due to restructuring and antitrust charges. ECI Elektro-Chemie has been consolidated since the fourth quarter of 2002, when the Company acquired the remaining 50 percent-stake.
Number of employees
The number of employees developed
as follows:
Restructuring/ | ||||||||
Number of | December 31, | divestment of | Other | December 31, | ||||
employees | 2003 | underperformers | changes | 2002 | ||||
Pharma | 20,680 | (1,120 | ) | (20 | ) | 21,820 | ||
Coatings1 | 28,340 | (1,890 | ) | 830 | 29,400 | |||
Chemicals1 | 14,410 | (1,000 | ) | (30 | ) | 15,440 | ||
Others | 1,150 | (70 | ) | 1,220 | ||||
Akzo Nobel | 64,580 | (4,080 | ) | 780 | 67,880 | |||
|
To date, the major restructuring programs initiated in 2001 and expanded during 2002 and 2003, have resulted in a total workforce reduction by 6,280, some 10 percent of the Companys workforce.
Especially in Coatings, the Company expanded its workforce in those activities and regions where it is growing, such as China.
Sales and Operating Income by Activities
Earnings development per group was as follows.
|
||||||||
Net sales | Operating income | |||||||
Millions of euros | 2003 | 2002 | 2003 | 2002 | ||||
|
||||||||
Pharma | 3,550 | 4,008 | 538 | 747 | ||||
Coatings1 | 5,160 | 5,444 | 369 | 424 | ||||
Chemicals1 | 4,470 | 4,675 | 257 | 270 | ||||
Miscellaneous products, intragroup | ||||||||
deliveries, and eliminations | (129 | ) | (125 | ) | (100 | ) | (79 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total | 13,051 | 14,002 | 1,064 | 1,362 | ||||
|
1 | 2003 and 2002 figures have been adjusted for a minor regrouping of activities between Coatings and Chemicals. |
70
Pharma Group
|
|||||
Percentage | Percentage | ||||
of net sales | of net sales | ||||
Business unit | 2003 | Country of origin | 2003 | ||
|
|||||
Organon | 60 | The Netherlands | 30 | ||
Intervet | 27 | Germany | 5 | ||
Diosynth | 13 | United Kingdom | 3 | ||
France | 5 | ||||
Other European countries | 28 | ||||
USA and Canada | 16 | ||||
Latin America | 5 | ||||
Asia | 6 | ||||
Other regions | 2 | ||||
|
In 2003, our Pharma group faced a multitude of challenges. It had to absorb a strong negative impact from weaker currencies and higher pension charges. On top of that, our human healthcare unit Organon faced the loss of market exclusivity for its No. 1 drug Remeron® in the United States. Therefore, a new strategy was developed with priorities for a clear focus on leading positions, alliances to strengthen our growth opportunities in other areas, and aggressive cost cutting. This strategy was vigorously implemented, as was reflected by the conclusion of a major cooperation with Pfizer for asenapinea very promising phase III drug for schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, a revised agreement with Sanofi-Synthélabo on Arixtra®, and a very sizeable cost reduction program. Under the circumstances, Organon turned in a satisfactory performance. Diosynth faced headwinds in third-party markets and, looking ahead, will also be impacted by the downturn at Organon. Finally, Intervet was affected by difficult market conditions, especially in the Americas.
Due to these adverse conditions, sales were down 11 percent to EUR 3.6 billion, predominantly caused by a negative currency translation impact of 9 percent. Pharmas operating income declined 28 percent to EUR 538 million. Results were impacted by the recognition of substantial restructuring and impairment charges. On the other hand, earnings benefited from substantial cost savings and were favored by the special benefit of EUR 88 million from Pfizer payment for the conclusion of the asenapine cooperation.
Sales of Organons main products developed as follows:
Millions of euros | Total | Autonomous | ||||
2003 sales | change % | growth %1 | ||||
Remeron®(in the U.S.) | 208 | (54 | ) | (45 | ) | |
Remeron®(in rest of the world) | 316 | 20 | 26 | |||
Contraceptives | 517 | (1 | ) | 7 | ||
Puregon® | 331 | (7 | ) | (1 | ) | |
Livial® | 197 | (5 | ) | (1 | ) | |
|
1 | Autonomous sales growth is defined as the change in sales attributable to changed volumes and selling prices. In this case it only excludes the change in sales attributable to currency translation effects. Acquisitions and divestments were not applicable. Reference is made to the remarks under Introduction on page 4. |
71
Sales for NuvaRing® are gathering momentum, aggregating EUR 40 million for 2003 (2002: EUR 6 million).
Toward the end of the year, the FDA issued an approvable letter for Follistim®-AQTM cartridge, while the Company submitted additional information for Variza to the FDA. In March 2004, the Company received an approval letter for Follistim®-AQTM cartridge.
Early in 2004, Organon and Sanofi-Synthélabo concluded that a single management structure would strengthen the opportunities for commercial success of antithrombotic Arixtra® in the complex U.S. market, where 2003 sales aggregated EUR 7 million. Therefore, they agreed that Organon will transfer to Sanofi-Synthélabo its remaining rights and development obligations for Arixtra® and other oligosaccharides, such as idraparinux (SanOrg 34006), in exchange for revenues based on future sales from jointly developed antithrombotic products.
Intervet felt the impact of the weaker U.S. dollar and difficult market conditions in the Americas. Performance in Europe was better.
Earnings of Diosynth are impacted by deteriorating conditions in third-party markets for both chemical and biotech products. Looking ahead, it will also face lower captive demand from Organon. To address this situation, additional restructuring programs were announced in February of 2004 affecting 350 jobs worldwide.
Coatings Group | |||||
Business unit | Percentage
of net sales 2003 |
Country of origin | Percentage
of net sales 2003 |
||
Decorative Coatings | 35 | The Netherlands | 6 | ||
Industrial Coatings and Finishes | 26 | Germany | 9 | ||
Marine & Protective Coatings | 16 | Sweden | 8 | ||
Car Refinishes | 17 | United Kingdom | 11 | ||
Industrial Products | 6 | France | 9 | ||
Other European countries | 22 | ||||
USA and Canada | 17 | ||||
Latin America | 3 | ||||
Asia | 11 | ||||
Other regions | 4 | ||||
Excluding the effect of restructuring and impairment charges, Coatings maintained its return on invested capital of approximately 20 percent, despite difficult economic circumstances, negative currency influences, and further increased pension costs. Including such restructuring and impairment charges, ROI was 18 percent. This was achieved through improvement of the business mix by divesting Impregnated Papers and some smaller noncore businesses and idle assets. We also stepped up our restructuring programs in mature markets. In total, restructurings and divestments resulted in a workforce reduction of 1,890 people, which was partially offset by headcount increases in Asia Pacific. Restriction of capital expenditures to some 90 percent of depreciation and further reduction of working capital contributed to maintaining our ROI level.
72
Sales of EUR 5.2 billion were 5 percent lower than in 2002. Autonomous (sales volume and price) growth of 3 percent was offset by a negative currency translation effect of 7 percent, with divestments and acquisitions, on balance leading to a 1 percent decrease, which mainly related to the divestment of Impregnated Papers.
Coatings' operating income of EUR 369 million was down 13 percent from 2002. The benefits from the aggressive restructuring programs did not offset the negative impact from weaker key currencies and higher pension charges and additional restructuring charges.
Conditions for decorative coatings in Europe were tough, especially in the retail sector. The decorative coatings business in emerging markets continued to expand. The industrial part of our portfolio held up reasonably well, not only our star performer Marine & Protective Coatings but also the wood and coil coatings activities of Industrial Finishes, and Powder Coatings. Market conditions for Car Refinishes remained very competitive and pressure on volumes continued.
We continued to grow in Asia Pacific, which represented 14 percent of worldwide Coatings sales (by country of destination). In 2003, we opened a powder coatings facility in Vietnam and a nonstick coatings facility in Dongguan City, China, and announced the investment in a decorative coatings facility in Suzhou, China. In addition, two wood coatings facilities came on stream in the first half of 2004. Furthermore, we acquired full ownership of our powder coatings activities in South Korea and decided to set up our own marketing and sales company for marine and protective coatings in Japan.
Chemicals Group | |||||
Business unit | Percentage of net sales 2003 |
Country of origin | Percentage of net sales 2003 |
||
Pulp and Paper Chemicals | 19 | The Netherlands | 27 | ||
Functional Chemicals | 17 | Germany | 10 | ||
Surface Chemistry | 18 | Sweden | 15 | ||
Polymer Chemicals | 10 | UK | 3 | ||
Base Chemicals | 11 | Other European countries | 9 | ||
Resins | 8 | USA and Canada | 27 | ||
Catalysts | 7 | Latin America | 3 | ||
Salt | 6 | Asia | 5 | ||
Energy | 4 | Other regions | 1 | ||
Despite very difficult market conditions in the chemical industry, Akzo Nobel Chemicals was able to turn in a satisfactory performance, as a result of its forceful restructuring programs throughout the group. In 2003, the workforce was reduced by 1,000 people, and several of the programs continued into 2004.
Overall, Chemicals sales of EUR 4.5 billion were down 4 percent from 2002. Autonomous (volume and price) growth was 1 percent, while currency translation had a negative impact of 7 percent. Acquisitions and divestments, on balance, added 2 percent.
73
Operating income decreased 5 percent to EUR 257 million. Benefits from the restructuring programs and autonomous growth did not offset the impact of lower exchange rates for key currencies, weak economic conditions, higher pension costs, and somewhat higher raw material and energy prices.
Catalysts again achieved a strong performance, while Base Chemicals benefited from the acquisition of ECI Elektro-Chemie. Pulp & Paper Chemicals did better as a result of cost-saving measures. Polymer Chemicals and Surface Chemistry remained under pressure from soft market conditions.
In September, we announced our intention to sell our Catalysts, Phosphorus Chemicals, and Coating Resins businesses in order to create room to maneuver and further improve the Companys balance sheet. These transactions were completed in the course of 2004, generating proceeds of EUR 1.0 billion.
We will continue to invest, both through organic growth and carefully selected acquisitions, in profitable and leadership positions. Three significant projects came on stream: a major expansion of our chlor-alkali plant in Rotterdam, expansion of ethylene amines production in Sweden, and a grass-root quat plant in Singapore. To meet growing demand from the rapidly expanding South American pulp and paper industry, an investment in a Chemical Island at the new Veracel pulp mill in Brazil was approved. Additionally, further chlor-alkali expansion in Rotterdam (although at present still subject to EU-approval of a grant) and an increase in salt capacity in Hengelo, the Netherlands, will go ahead.
2003 saw one selective acquisition, CIRS SpA (Italy), an antifouling/suspending agent producer for the polymer industry.
Geographic Developments | ||||||||||||||||
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Net
sales, by destination |
Net
sales, by origin |
Operating income | Identifiable assets |
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Millions of euros | 2003 | 2002 | 2003 | 2002 | 2003 | 2002 | 2003 | 2002 | ||||||||
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The Netherlands | 825 | 816 | 2,546 | 2,662 | 171 | 179 | 2,942 | 2,618 | ||||||||
Germany | 1,147 | 1,084 | 1,088 | 1,051 | 73 | 34 | 798 | 819 | ||||||||
Sweden | 510 | 517 | 1,102 | 1,184 | 66 | 95 | 773 | 798 | ||||||||
United Kingdom | 840 | 963 | 798 | 911 | (118 | ) | (16 | ) | 913 | 1,134 | ||||||
Other European countries | 3,963 | 3,951 | 3,100 | 3,016 | 509 | 591 | 2,074 | 2,210 | ||||||||
USA and Canada | 2,944 | 3,723 | 2,604 | 3,318 | 94 | 100 | 2,014 | 2,772 | ||||||||
Latin America | 704 | 767 | 470 | 506 | 60 | 96 | 400 | 424 | ||||||||
Asia | 1,453 | 1,513 | 1,022 | 1,064 | 125 | 140 | 848 | 838 | ||||||||
Other regions | 665 | 668 | 321 | 290 | 59 | 52 | 302 | 306 | ||||||||
Results on divestments | 25 | 91 | ||||||||||||||
Eliminations, cash and | ||||||||||||||||
cash equivalents, and | ||||||||||||||||
nonconsolidated | ||||||||||||||||
companies, net | 890 | 870 | ||||||||||||||
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Total | 13,051 | 14,002 | 13,051 | 14,002 | 1,064 | 1,362 | 11,954 | 12,789 | ||||||||
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Sales and earnings in 2003 were affected by the generally soft economic conditions and the weakening of key foreign currencies relative to the euro, mainly concerning the U.S. dollar, the pound sterling, the Brazilian real, and various Asian currencies.
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Sales in Germany increased due to the acquisition of the remaining 50 percent of ECI Elektro-Chemie. In the United States, Pharmas sales of Remeron® were affected by generic competition in 2003. Both Coatings and Chemicals activities clearly grew in China.
In 2003, operating income in Germany was not only higher due to the higher sales levels, but also due to lower restructuring charges. Earnings in Sweden declined due to higher restructuring costs. In the United Kingdom, 2003 results were under pressure from higher pension costs. The downturn in the Other European countries mainly stems from lower Pharma earnings.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
To Akzo Nobel's knowledge, and other than as disclosed herein, there are no trends or any demands, commitments, events or uncertainties that will result in or that are reasonably likely to result in a material change in Akzo Nobel's liquidity. As of the date of this Annual Report, Akzo Nobel has no material commitments for capital expenditures other than arising from the normal course of business, and other than as disclosed herein, and, to the knowledge of Akzo Nobel, there are no material trends, favorable or unfavorable, in Akzo Nobel's capital resources. Akzo Nobel believes that its capital resources and funds generated by operations will be sufficient to satisfy future capital expenditures and other commitments in connection with its ongoing business. Akzo Nobel may, however, utilize other sources of funding, from time to time, as and when appropriate.
Condensed Statement of Cash Flows | ||||||
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Cash inflow from operations | 1,117 | 1,516 | 1,431 | |||
Working capital decrease / (increase) | 156 | (119 | ) | 117 | ||
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Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,273 | 1,397 | 1,548 | |||
Investments in noncurrent assets | (573 | ) | (631 | ) | (749 | ) |
Net cash effect of acquisitions | (80 | ) | (101 | ) | (257 | ) |
Proceeds from divestments/redemptions | 1,007 | 281 | 227 | |||
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Net cash generated by / (used for) investing activities | 354 | (451 | ) | (779 | ) | |
Cash dividends paid | (366 | ) | (370 | ) | (363 | ) |
Purchase of shares | – | – | (6 | ) | ||
Issuance of shares | 4 | |||||
Net (redemption) / increase of borrowings | (169 | ) | (342 | ) | (290 | ) |
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Net cash used for financing activities | (535 | ) | (712 | ) | (655 | ) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash | ||||||
equivalents | (8 | ) | (27 | ) | (49 | ) |
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Change in cash and cash equivalents | 1,084 | 207 | 65 | |||
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Net cash provided by operating activities amounted to EUR 1.3 billion in 2004, EUR 1.4 billion in 2003 and EUR 1.5 billion in 2002. Cash inflows from operations in 2004 declined on 2003 due to lower earnings (excluding book profits and depreciation, amortization and impairment charges) and increased payments from provisions, partially offset by higher dividends from nonconsolidated companies. Cash inflows from
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operations in 2003 improved on 2002 as included in the lower earnings (excluding book profits and depreciation, amortization and impairment charges) were significant additions to provisions, which substantially exceeded cash payments from these provisions.
Working capital in 2004 decreased as a result of the Companys improved capital management. Working capital in 2003 increased, when compared to 2002, due to inventory build-up in Pharma.
Net cash generated by/used in investing activities amounted to EUR (0.4) billion in 2004, EUR 0.5 billion in 2003 and EUR 0.8 billion in 2002. Due to the Companys focus on cash, investments showed a declining trend over 2002 to 2004. In 2004, capital expenditures were below the 2003 levelmainly attributable to Pharmaand almost at depreciation level. Investments are targeted at priority businesses and regions, particularly China and Central and Eastern Europe. In these areas, growth continued at high rates, and we opened several new factories to participate in this development. Chemicals investments also include projects in the Netherlands and Brazil. In 2003, capital expenditures of all three groups were lower.
2004 acquisition expenditures concerned Timpe & Mock and several other acquisitions at Coatings. In 2003, acquisition expenditures mainly related to payments for CIRS and the final settlement for the acquisitions of ECI Elektro-Chemie and Cromptons Industrial Specialties. Acquisitions in 2002 predominantlyconcerned Ferros powder coatings activities, Awlgrip® marine and aerospace coatings business, and Cromptons Industrial Specialties.
Proceeds from divestments principally related to the sale of Catalysts, Phosphorus Chemicals, and Coating Resins. Proceeds from divestments in 2003 mainly concerned the sale of Impregnated Papers and idle properties. Proceeds from 2001 divestments principally related to the sale of Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd. and Printing Inks.
Net cash used for financing activities amounted to EUR 0.5 billion, and reduced on 2003 as a result of lower redemptions.
Akzo Nobel has a U.S. commercial paper program of USD 1.0 billion and a euro commercial paper program of EUR 1.5 billion. At December 31, 2004, these commercial paper programs were not used.
At December 31, 2004, the total amount of long-term credit facilities arranged by Akzo Nobel amounted to EUR 1.5 billion. This facility can be used for general corporate financing purpose and supports our Commercial Paper programs in the euro-market and in the United States. During 2004, none of the facilities were used.
At present the Companys long-term credit rating from Moodys is A3 with a short-term rating of P-2, both with a so-called stable outlook. The current long-term credit rating from Standard & Poors is Aand their short-term rating is A-2, both with a so-called negative outlook.
The present rating is 3 notches above the so-called high-yield zone. However, if the Companys rating, due to whatever circumstances would decline or would approach or enter the high-yield zone, this will not only result in increased financing cost for the Company, but could also reduce availability of credit, especially at commercially acceptable rates.
It should be noted, however, that the Companys present loan documentation does not include any rating covenants.
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A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities. The rating may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating organization. Each rating should be valued independently of any other rating.
At December 31, 2004, the Company had a cash position of EUR 1.8 billion, which was freely available in full. The cash position increased strongly on last year, mainly attributable to the proceeds from divestments. As a consequence, net interest-bearing borrowings1 were down EUR 1.3 billion to EUR 1.1 billion.
For additional information on the type of financial instruments used by the Company, the maturity profile of the Companys debt, and the currency and interest rate structure of such debt, see Item 11 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk under Foreign Currency Exchange Risk Management and Interest Rate Risk Management.
Equity increased EUR 0.5 billion as a result of retained 2004 income.
Year-end gearing2 improved from 0.92 at December 31, 2003, to 0.36 at December 31, 2004.
Contractual obligations
The following table summarizes our principal contractual obligations at December 31, 2004.
Contractual obligations | Payments due by period | |||||||||
Millions of euros | Less than | 1-3 | 4-5 | After 5 | ||||||
Total | 1 year | years | years | years | ||||||
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations* | 2,694 | 302 | 102 | 1,364 | 926 | |||||
Commitments for interest** | 622 | 130 | 231 | 172 | 89 | |||||
Operating leases and other long-term | ||||||||||
commitments | 557 | 165 | 183 | 86 | 123 | |||||
Commitments for raw materials and services | 1,287 | 618 | 464 | 151 | 54 | |||||
Commitments for capital expenditures | 96 | 86 | 10 | |||||||
Total Contractual Obligations | 5,256 | 1,301 | 990 | 1,773 | 1,192 | |||||
* | Of which capital leases total EUR 44 million, reasonably spread over future years. |
** | Interest commitments based on fixed interest rates. For some loans interest rate swaps were concluded, whereby the fixed rate is changed in a floating LIBOR or floating EURIBOR rate. Reference is made to note 15 of the consolidated financial statements on page 162. |
All purchase commitments for raw materials and services are in the ordinary course of business.
Guarantees related to nonconsolidated companies totaled EUR 5 million (at December 31, 2003:EUR 9 million). As general partners in several partnerships, Akzo Nobel companies are liable for obligations incurred by these partnerships. At December 31, 2004, the risk ensuing from known liabilities associated with these partnerships was EUR 92 million (at December 31, 2003: EUR 139 million).
1 | Defined as Long-Term Borrowings plus Short-Term Borrowings less Cash and Cash Equivalents. |
2 | Net Interest-Bearing Borrowings1 divided by Equity. |
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Certain Trading Activities
Although the Company hedges certain foreign currency, interest and raw material pricing exposures, it does not actively trade in derivative financial instruments. Furthermore, the Company does not hold any derivative financial instruments where fair values are determined other than on an active trading market.
Off-Balance Sheet Transactions
Other than the activities in nonconsolidated joint ventures with other (industrial) partners, and operational leases of certain assets, the Company does not utilize special-purpose entities or engage in other off-balance sheet activities.
Reference is made to Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Guarantees related to nonconsolidated companies totaled EUR 5 million (at December 31, 2003: EUR 9 million). As general partners in several partnerships, Akzo Nobel companies are liable for obligations incurred by these partnerships. At December 31, 2004, the risk ensuing from known liabilities associated with these partnerships was EUR 92 million (at December 31, 2003: EUR 139 million).
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES
Research and development spending amounted to EUR 912 million in 2002, EUR 887 million in 2003, and EUR 823 million in 2004. The Companys research and development policies are specific to each of its three groups. For additional information regarding the Companys research and development policies for the last three years, see Item 4 Information on the Company under B. Business Overview.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
For the financial years up to and including 2004, Akzo Nobel has presented its financial statements on a basis consistent with generally accepted accounting principles in The Netherlands (NL GAAP). The preparation of Akzo Nobels financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of our financial statements. The policies that management considers to be most important to the presentation of Akzo Nobels financial condition and results of operations and to require the most significant demands on management's judgments and estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain are discussed below. Management cautions that future events often vary from forecasts and that estimates routinely require adjustment.
Akzo Nobel believes that of its significant accounting policies (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements), the following may involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity, which in turn could materially affect net income and the balance sheet if various assumptions were changed significantly.
A complete description of Akzo Nobels accounting policies appears on pages 127 through 131 of this Report Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Used in Preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements (Accounting Policies).
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Impairment of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment
The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment when events or circumstances indicate carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Assets subject to this review include intangible and tangible fixed assets.
In determining impairments of intangible and tangible fixed assets, management must make significant judgments and estimates to determine if the cash flows generated by those assets are less than their carrying value. Determining cash flows requires the use of judgments and estimates that have been included in the Company's strategic plans and long-range planning forecasts. The data necessary for the execution of the impairment tests are based on management estimates of future cash flows, which require estimating revenue growth rates and profit margins. Assets are written down to their fair value. The fair value of impaired assets is determined by taking into account these estimated cash flows and using a net present value technique based on discounting these cash flows with business specific discount rates.
Changes in assumptions and estimates included within the impairment reviews could result in significantly different earnings than those recorded in the financial statements.
Accounting for income taxes
As part of the process of preparing consolidated financial statements, the Company is required to estimate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. This process involves estimating actual current tax expense and temporary differences between tax and financial reporting. Temporary differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within the consolidated balance sheet. The Company must then assess the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income. A valuation allowance is recognized to reduce deferred tax assets if, and to the extent, it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
The Company has recorded a valuation allowance of EUR 53 million as of December 31, 2004, based on estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction in which the Company operates and the period over which deferred tax assets are recoverable. In the event actual results differ from these estimates in future periods, and depending on the tax strategies that the Company may be able to implement, changes to the valuation allowance could be required, which could impact our financial position and results of operations.
Provisions
By their nature, provisions for contingent liabilities are dependent upon estimates and assessments of whether the criteria for recognition have been met, including estimates as to the outcome and the amount of the potential cost of resolution. Contingent liabilities are recognized by a charge against income when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of such liability can be reasonably estimated. The low end of the range is accrued for costs of future liabilities that may ultimately arise when such a range of possible loss is known.
Contingent liabilities and provisioning for environmental matters, antitrust cases, other litigation (including Remeron® cases), and tax disputes are discussed in Note 14 Commitments and Contingent Liabilities of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Akzo Nobel. For provisions for environmental matters such estimates are based on the nature and seriousness of the contamination as well as on the technology required for cleanup. The provision for antitrust cases is based on an estimate of the costs, fines and civil damages, taking into account legal advice and the current facts and circumstances. Provisions for
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other litigation and tax disputes are also based on an estimate of the costs, taking into account legal advice and information currently available.
Should the actual outcome differ from the assumptions and estimates, revisions to the estimated provisions would be required, which could impact our financial position and results of operations.
Also provisions for termination benefits and exit costs involve managements judgment in estimating the expected cash outflows for severance payments and site closure or other exit costs. Should the actual cash outflows differ from the assumptions and estimates, additional charges would be required, which could impact our financial position and results of operations.
Accounting for pensions and other postretirement benefits
Retirement benefits represent obligations that will be settled in the future and require assumptions to project benefit obligations and fair values of plan assets. Retirement benefit accounting is intended to reflect the recognition of future benefit costs over the employee's approximate service period, based on the terms of the plans and the investment and funding decisions made by the Company. The accounting requires management to make assumptions regarding variables such as discount rate, rate of compensation increase, return on assets, and future healthcare costs. Periodically management consults with outside actuaries regarding these assumptions. Changes in these key assumptions can have a significant impact on the projected benefit obligations, funding requirements and periodic cost incurred. The Company's policies and key assumptions are included in Note 12 under Pensions and Postretirement Benefits other than Pensions of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Akzo Nobel.
It should be noted that when discount rates decline or rates of compensation increase go upamongst other due to increased inflationpension and postretirement benefit obligations will increase. Net periodic pension and postretirement costs might also increase, but that depends on the actual relation between the unrecognized loss and the so-called corridor (10% of the greater of benefit obligations and plan assets) as well as on the relative change of the discount rate versus the change of the benefit obligation.
If the Company would have to lower the assumed expected return on plan assets, this would result in higher net periodic pension costs.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
NL GAAP
Implementation of International
Financial Reporting Standards
In June 2002, the
European Commission decided that all listed companies in the EU should apply
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in their financial statements
from 2005 onwards. As a consequence, Akzo Nobel will report in accordance with
IFRS starting with the Report for the First Quarter of 2005. The differences
not only concern accounting policies, but also additional disclosures in the
notes to the financial statements. In 2004, we made the required changes to
our financial reporting and consolidation systems and restated the comparative
2004 interim statement of income and balance sheet figures. On December 14,
2004, we published restated figures for the first three quarters of 2004 and
provided information on the expected impact of IFRS on the Companys reported
performance and financial position. See IFRS-based reporting for 2004
& implementation of IAS 32 and 39 published on the Companys
website. This report was furnished to the Commission on Form 6-K on April 20,
2005, which is incorporated by reference herein.
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US GAAP
The FASB issued several pronouncements of which the following are applicable to the Company.
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 123revised 2004 (SFAS 123R),Share-Based Payment which replaces Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (SFAS 123),Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation and supersedes APB Opinion No. 25 (APB 25),Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees. SFAS 123R requires the measurement of all employee share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, using a fair-value-based method and the recording of such expense in our consolidated statements of income. The accounting provisions of SFAS 123R are effective for reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2005. The pro forma disclosures previously permitted under SFAS 123 no longer will be an alternative to financial statement recognition. We have not yet determined the impact of the adoption of SFAS 123R.
In November 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 151,Inventory Costs, An Amendment of ARB No. 43, Chapter 4. This statement clarifies the accounting for abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs, and wasted material (spoilage). The Statement requires that those items be recognized as current-period charges. Additionally, Statement 151 requires that allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of conversion be based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. Statement 151 is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2005, with earlier application permitted. The Company has not yet determined the impact of the adoption of SFAS 151.
In December 2003, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104 ("SAB 104"),Revenue Recognition, which superseded Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101 ("SAB 101"),Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements. The primary purpose of SAB 104 was to rescind accounting guidance contained in SAB 101 related to multiple element revenue arrangements, which was superseded as a result of the issuance of Emerging Issues Task Force 00-21 ("EITF 00-21"),Accounting for Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables. SAB 104 also incorporated certain sections of the SEC'sRevenue Recognition in Financial StatementsFrequently Asked Questions and Answers document. While the wording of SAB 104 has changed to reflect the issuance of EITF 00-21, the revenue recognition principles of SAB 101, as they apply to us, remain largely unchanged by the issuance of SAB 104. The adoption of SAB 104 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In December 2003, the FASB issued FIN 46R which clarified some of the provisions of FIN 46 and exempted certain entities from its requirements. FIN 46R was effective for us for the year ended December 31, 2004. We have considered the provisions of FIN 46R and concluded that the Company holds no variable interest entities that need to be consolidated.
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENT ON 2005
We look to the future with cautious optimism and expect that we will be able to grow the top line of the Company in 2005 across the portfolio. Our bottom line will benefit from this growth, but will also be impacted by raw material priceswhich are still increasingand the stronger euro. In human healthcare especially, we will have to rise to the challenge during 2005 of finding the right balance between investing in R&D and premarketing, while actively defending margins. In spite of the very challenging and unpredictable economic
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conditions (currencies and raw material prices), we aspire to achieve a net income, excluding nonrecurring items, within the range of 2004, which on an IFRS-basis was some EUR 800 million1.
In 2005, our focus will shift to growth, though we must keep our eyes on cost to protect our earnings. At the same time, following the Chemicals strategy we are creating further room to maneuver for growth opportunities in attractive strategic priority areas. We will continue to manage our funds in a highly disciplined manner and expect capital expenditures in the order of magnitude of EUR 650 million, up from 2004 due to our projects in the Netherlands and Brazil. Furthermore, we will continue to screen our activities and upgrade our portfolio based on value creation. The Companys strategy is also to strengthen the portfolio by selective acquisitions, supporting profitable growth in strategic areas.
We expect that no additional funds will have to be raised for the financing of continued operations.
Excluding acquisitions and divestments, the number of employees is expected to decrease due to the implementation of restructuring programs at all groups, while it will expand from investments in growth in strategic priority areas.
1 | For information on the impact of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) see the report IFRS-based reporting for 2004 & implementation of IAS 32 and 39 and the Report for the 1st quarter of 2005. Both reports have been furnished to the Commission on Form 6-K in April 2005, which are incorporated by reference in this Form 20-F. |
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Item 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT
Corporate Governance
Akzo Nobel N.V. is a public limited liability company (Naamloze Vennootschap) established under the laws of the Netherlands. Its common shares are listed on Euronext Amsterdam and quoted on NASDAQ in the form of American Depositary Receipts.
Akzo Nobels management and supervision structure is organized in a so-called two-tier system, comprising a Board of Management, solely composed of executive directors, and a Supervisory Board, solely composed of nonexecutive directors. The two Boards are independent of each other.
Akzo Nobels corporate governance structure is based on the requirements of the Dutch Civil Code, the Companys Articles of Association, and the rules and regulations applicable to companies listed on Euronext Amsterdam and NASDAQ, complemented by several internal procedures. These procedures include a risk management and control system as well as a system of assurance of compliance with laws and regulations.
Over the last decade, Akzo Nobel has been consistently enhancing and improving its corporate governance standards in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Most notable are the Dutch Corporate Governance Code adopted in 2003 (the Code) and the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and its implementation rules by the SEC and NASDAQ.
The Code contains principles and best practices for Dutch companies, with listed shares. As already stated in the 2003 Annual Report, Akzo Nobel agrees both with the general approach and with the vast majority of its principles and best practice provisions. Corporate governance at Akzo Nobel was placed on the agenda of the General Meeting of Shareholders of 2004 as a separate item for discussion of the intended implementation of the Code with shareholders. This specifically included a number of aspects where deviations from the Code were expected, as identified in the 2003 Annual Report. The Board of Management and the Supervisory Board have taken these discussions into account in formulating a position on the Companys corporate governance. One of the results is that a proposal for amendment of the Articles of Association was submitted to and approved by the General Meeting of Shareholders of April 21, 2005. A request has been made to the Dutch Ministry of Justice for the required certificate of no objection to the notarial deed of amendment of the Articles. After this certificate of no objection has been obtained, the civil notary will execute the deed of amendment of the Articles and the amended Articles will come into effect. At that point in time, the amended Articles will be furnished on Form 6-K.
In this section, Akzo Nobels current corporate governance is addressed and actual as well as expected deviations from the Code are explained, in accordance with the Codes apply or explain principle. Where relevant, the amendment of the Articles of Association, as decided at the General Meeting of Shareholders on April 21, 2005 (the amendment of the Articles) will be mentioned. A full elucidation of the amendment of the Articles was added to the notes to the agenda of the General Meeting of Shareholders of April 21, 2005. The main elements of the amendment of the Articles are described in Item 10.B.
The Board of Management and the Supervisory Board believe that the Companys corporate governance structure, as described here and in the amendment of the Articles, is the most appropriate for Akzo Nobel
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at this point in time. Except for those aspects of the Companys governance structure which can only be amended with the approval of the General Meeting of Shareholders, the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board may make adjustments to the way the Code is applied as is described below, if this is considered to be in the interest of the Company and its affiliated enterprise. In case such adjustments are made, they will be published and reported in the annual report for the relevant year.
Supervisory Board
The overall assignment of the Supervisory Board is to exercise supervision over the policies adopted by the Board of Management and over the general conduct of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries. This specifically includes supervision of the realization of the Companys operational and financial objectives, the corporate strategy designed to achieve the objectives, and the main financial parameters and risk factors. The Supervisory Board also provides the Board of Management with advice. In fulfilling its assignments the Supervisory Board and its members are guided by the interests of the Company and its affiliated enterprise.
Appointment, Independence, and Composition
The members of the Supervisory Board are appointed by the General Meeting of Shareholders on the binding nomination by the Meeting of Holders of Priority Shares. After adoption by the General Meeting of Shareholders on April 21, 2005 of the proposed amendment of the Articles of Association, in the future the nomination procedures for the members of the Supervisory Board and of the Board of Management (see page 112) will be followed. As a general rule, based on the rotation schedule, a members tenure is four years. In principle, members are eligible for reelection twice. However, in deviation of the Code (provision III.3.5), if it is considered in the interest of the Company, a member can be nominated for reelection more often. As stated in the Report of the Supervisory Board, the Supervisory Board believes it is in the interest of the Company to nominate Mr. Cohen again for reelection at the General Meeting of Shareholders of 2005.
The composition of the Supervisory Board is such that the members are able to act with due objectivity and independently of one another and of the Board of Management. All Supervisory Board members meet the independence requirements as stated in Code provisions III.2.1, III.2.2 and III.2.3, except for Mr. van Lede and Mr. van den Brink. In this respect it should be noted that Mr. van Lede is a former member of the Board of Management of Akzo Nobel, who retired from this position in 2003. As a long-standing policy, the Company welcomes the recent knowledge and expertise of the affairs and business of the Company in one member of the Supervisory Board. Mr. van den Brink was a member of the Managing Board of ABN AMRO, one of the principal banks of the Company. He retired from this position in 2002. Mr. van den Brink is still a consultant on macroeconomic policies to this bank, but in this capacity he is not involved in its management. Although this is formally not in compliance with Code provision III.2.3, the Company is convinced that Mr. van den Brink should be considered as an independent Supervisory Board member under the Code.
No member of the Supervisory Board has more than five supervisory board memberships in Dutch listed companies.
In 2004, the Supervisory Board revised its Rules of Procedure, which include detailed provisions on how to deal with conflicts of interest and potential conflicts of interest between members of the Supervisory Board and the Company. The Rules of Procedure, encompassing the Profile and the Charters of the Committees, reflect the tasks and responsibilities of the Supervisory Board and are available on Akzo Nobels website.
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The Chairman of the Supervisory Board determines the agenda and chairs the meetings of the Supervisory Board, monitors the proper functioning of the Supervisory Board and its Committees, arranges for the adequate provision of information to the members of the Supervisory Board and acts on behalf of the Supervisory Board as the main contact for the Board of Management. He also initiates the evaluation of the functioning of the Supervisory Board and the Board of Management, and chairs the General Meeting of Shareholders. The Supervisory Board is chaired by Mr. Loudon, a former chairman of the Board of Management who retired from this position in 1994. This is a deviation from the Code (provision III.4.2). The Company believes that in view of the experience and expertise of Mr. Loudon as Chairman of the Supervisory Board, it is in the best interest of the Company that Mr. Loudon will remain Chairman until he retires in 2006.
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Supervisory Board | Principal Occupation | Member since |
Aarnout Loudon | Former Chairman of the Board of Management of Akzo Nobel | 1994 |
(1936, Dutch), | Former member of the First Chamber of the Dutch Parliament | |
Chairman | Chairman of the Supervisory Board of ABN AMRO Holding | |
Member of the Supervisory Board of Royal Dutch Petroleum Company | ||
Member of the International Advisory Board of Allianz AG (Germany) | ||
Maarten van Veen | Former CEO of Koninklijke Hoogovens | 1997 |
(1935, Dutch) | Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Koninklijke Volker Wessels Stevin | |
Deputy Chairman | Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Boards of ABN AMRO Holding and | |
(resigned per May 1, | Imtech | |
2005) | Nonexecutive Director of Corus Group (United Kingdom) | |
Virginia Bottomley | Former Secretary of State for Health and Member of the British Cabinet | 2000 |
(1948, British) | Governor of the London School of Economics, Governor of the Ditchley | |
Foundation | ||
Executive Director of Odgers Ray & Berndtson | ||
Dolf van den Brink | Professor Financial Institutions, University of Amsterdam | 2004 |
(1948, Dutch) | Economic Advisor to the Managing Board of ABN AMRO Bank | |
Former Member of the Managing Board of ABN AMRO Bank | ||
Chairman of the Supervisory Boards of Van der Moolen Holding and | ||
Nyenrode University | ||
Member of the Supervisory Board of Samas-Groep | ||
Uwe-Ernst Bufe | Former CEO of Degussa | 2003 |
(1944, German) | Chairman of the Supervisory Board of UBS Investment Bank, Frankfurt | |
Member of the Supervisory Board of Altana and Rütgers | ||
Member of the Supervisory Board of Solvay (Belgium) | ||
Member of the Board of Directors of Umicore (Belgium) | ||
Abraham Cohen | Former Senior Vice President of Merck & Co. | 1992 |
(1936, American) | Former president of Merck Sharp & Dohme International | |
Chairman of the Board of Directors of Vasomedical (New York) and of | ||
Neurobiological Technologies (California) | ||
Nonexecutive Director of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries (Israel) and of | ||
Chugai Pharmaceuticals (Japan) | ||
Cees van Lede | Former Chairman of the Board of Management of Akzo Nobel | 2003 |
(1942, Dutch) | Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Heineken | |
Member of the Supervisory Board of Philips Electronics and Air Liquide | ||
(France) | ||
Nonexecutive Director of Reed Elsevier, Sara Lee Corp. (United States) | ||
and Air France/KLM (France) | ||
Chairman of the Board of Directors of INSEAD (France) | ||
Alain Mérieux | Chairman of bioMérieux | 2002 |
(1938, French) | Director of Eurazeo and Compagnie Plastic Omnium | |
Lars Thunell | President and CEO of SEB Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken | 1999 |
(1948, Swedish) | Chairman of the Board of IBX, Integrated Business Exchange | |
Karel Vuursteen | Former CEO of Heineken | 2002 |
(1941, Dutch) | Member of the Board of Directors of Heineken Holding | |
Member of the Supervisory Boards of Royal Ahold and ING Group | ||
Member of the Supervisory Board of Electrolux (Sweden) | ||
Member of the Supervisory Board of Henkel (Germany) | ||
Mr. Loudon, Mr. Van Veen, Mrs. Bottomley and Mr. Vuursteen are the members of the Remuneration and Nomination Committee.
The Audit Committee is formed by Mr. van den Brink, Mr. Bufe, Mr. Cohen, and Mr. Thunell.
86
Remuneration
Supervisory Board members receive a fixed annual remuneration that is determined by the General Meeting of Shareholders. In accordance with the Articles of Association, the Supervisory Board may vote a remuneration to one or more of its members who have been designated to exercise wholly or partly one or more powers or activities of the Supervisory Board for the work performed by them in such office.
The members of the Supervisory Board are subject to the Akzo Nobel Rules on Inside Information and report all transactions in Akzo Nobel shares to the applicable authorities. The Company has chosen not to follow provision III.7.3 of the Code that requires notification by members of the Supervisory Board of all changes in their holdings of shares in Dutch listed companies, as this is governed by the Companys own internal code. The same considerations apply as stated in this respect for the members of the Board of Management.
Committees
The Supervisory Board has established three Committees: the Audit Committee, the Nomination Committee, and the Remuneration Committee. Each Committee has a charter describing its role and responsibility and the manner in which it reports to the full Supervisory Board on its duties. These charters are included in the Rules of Procedure, published on the Companys website. The Committees report on their deliberations and findings to the full Supervisory Board.
The Audit Committee assists the Supervisory Board in its oversight of the quality and integrity of the accounting, auditing, reporting, and risk management practices of the Company. The Audit Committee focuses on these and a number of other subjects, included in its charter. The Chairman of the Audit Committee is Dr. Thunell. The Supervisory Board has determined, that Dr. Thunell is an audit committee financial expert as defined in Item 16A of Form 20-F.
A major point of attention of corporate governance rules is the independence of the auditors. The Audit Committee has been delegated direct responsibility for compensation and oversight of the auditors and the services they provide to the Company. The auditors are prohibited from providing certain nonaudit services to the Company. In order to anchor this in the procedures of the Company, the Supervisory Board adopted the Akzo Nobel Auditors Independence Policy and the related Akzo Nobel Audit Committee Preapproval Policy on Audit, Audit-Related, and Nonaudit Services. All the aforementioned documents and policies are available on Akzo Nobels website.
The Nomination Committee and the Remuneration Committee, until 2005 combined in one committee, consist of the same members.
The Nomination Committee focuses on drawing up selection criteria and appointment procedures for Supervisory Board and Board of Management members, assessing the size and composition of both Boards, assessing the functioning of the individual members, making proposals for appointments and reappointments, and supervising the Board of Management in the selection of senior management. The role of the Nomination Committee is formalized in the amendment of the Articles of Association, which includes the proposed changes to the appointment procedure for members of the Supervisory Board and of the Board of Management described above.
The Remuneration Committee is responsible for drafting proposals to the Supervisory Board on the remuneration policy, the remuneration of individual members of the Board of Management, the remuneration schemes for Akzo Nobel executives involving Akzo Nobel shares, and preparing proposals
87
by the Supervisory Board to the General Meeting of Shareholders concerning the remuneration of the members of the Supervisory Board.
The Remuneration Committee is chaired by Mr. Loudon. As Mr. Loudon is Chairman of the Supervisory Board and a former member of the Board of Management, this constitutes, for continuity reasons, a temporary deviation from Code provision III.5.11. This situation will no longer exist after Mr. Loudons retirement in 2006.
Activities in 2004
The full Supervisory Board met five times in the course of 2004. All meetings were well attended by all Board members. The October meeting was held at the Intervet site in Boxmeer, the Netherlands, where a special focus was placed on Akzo Nobels animal healthcare business unit.
All meetings were plenary sessions with the full Board of Management. On two occasions, the Supervisory Board held separate meetings, which were partly attended by the CEO, to evaluate its working methods, procedures, its own functioning and that of its committees as well as the functioning of the Board of Management and its individual members, and its relationship with the Board of Management. It also discussed the composition of the Supervisory Board and its Committees.
The Chairman of the Supervisory Board prepares the meetings with the assistance of the Chairman of the Board of Management. The Supervisory Board discussed such issues as Company strategy, corporate governance, risk management, restructuring measures, and the approval of major investments, acquisitions, and divestments. Regular agenda items included financial and operational performance, share price development, operational planning, and the annual financing and investment plan.
In light of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the United States and the Dutch Corporate Governance Code, corporate governance was reviewed and preparations were made to revise the Articles of Association. Although the Rules of Procedure of the Supervisory Board and its Committees had been amended in 2004, a more detailed review took place in early 2005. The Rules of Procedure are available on the Companys website.
The Supervisory Board again devoted considerable time to discussions on the Companys strategy. The Supervisory Board discussed with the Board of Management the overall strategy including objectives, associated risks, and the mechanisms for controlling financial risks. In three separate sessions the strategy of Pharma, Coatings, and Chemicals was reviewed and discussed in more detail. The Supervisory Board also discussed and consented to the Companys overall strategy.
The Board of Management keeps the Supervisory Board regularly informed of intended organizational changes and appointments of senior managers.
In December 2004 the full Supervisory Board received training on the new IFRS requirements and their consequences for the Company.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee
currently consists of four members and was chaired by Mr. Fentener van Vlissingen
until his resignation. He was succeeded as chairman by Lars Thunell. Mr. van
den Brink filled the vacancy caused by the resignation of Mr. Fentener van Vlissingen
in May 2004.
88
The Audit Committee had seven regular meetings in 2004. The CEO, the CFO, the Director of Corporate Control, the internal auditor, and the lead partner of the external auditor KPMG attended all regular meetings. In addition, the Audit Committee met with only the CEO and CFO being present, and held a meeting with only the external auditor.
The Audit Committee regularly discussed financial statements, as well as the Annual Report on Form 20-F for SEC filing, internal and external control procedures, risk management, Internal Auditing reports, and the external auditors performance and independence. Before the announcement of quarterly results, the Audit Committee was informed of the figures and consulted on the report and press release to be published.
In addition, in 2004 considerable time was spent on corporate governance. With the assistance of an external advisor, the Committee reviewed how it functioned and proposed a revised Charter, which was later approved by the Supervisory Board and included in the Rules of Procedure.
The Audit Committee further discussed such items as: | |
• | Treasury and Finance (including the Companys hedging policy) |
• | IFRS implementation |
• | implementation of the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act |
• | pensions |
• | nonrecurring items. |
Remuneration Committee and Nomination Committee
The Remuneration and Nomination Committee was split into two separate committees in December 2004. The two Committees consist of the same four members. The Committees met three times in 2004. Mr. Loudon chairs the Remuneration Committee and the Nomination Committee.
The Nomination Committee made proposals for the succession of Mr. van Veen in 2005 and reviewed the composition and division of tasks within the Board of Management in view of Mr. Van der Meers retirement in 2005. The Remuneration Committee made a recommendation on the remuneration and remuneration policy for the members of the Board of Management, including personal targets. The Supervisory Board approved the Committees recommendations and will submit the remuneration policy to the General Meeting of Shareholders for adoption. A performance-related share plan and a revised performance-related option plan, both for Executives, will also be submitted for approval to the General Meeting of Shareholders.
For the principal elements of the Supervisory Boards remuneration report reference is made to page 92.
Changes in the Supervisory Board
At theGeneral Meeting of Shareholders of April 22, 2004, the total number of Supervisory Board members was reduced by one and fixed at ten. Effective May 1, 2004, Frits Fentener van Vlissingen stepped down, having reached the age limit.
Also effective May 1, 2004, Dolf van den Brink, Professor Financial Institutions at the University of Amsterdam and former member of the Managing Board of ABN AMRO Bank, was appointed to the Supervisory Board for a four-year term. Aarnout Loudon and Virginia Bottomley were reappointed for, respectively, a two-year and a four-year period.
89
At the General Meeting of Shareholders on April 21, 2005, Maarten van Veen resigned after having served on the Board for seven years.
The General Meeting of Shareholders approved that Maarten van den Bergh, nonexecutive chairman of the Board of Lloyds TSB Group and former president of Royal Dutch Petroleum Company and vice-chairman of the Committee of Managing Directors of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group, was appointed to the Supervisory Board for a four-year term to succeed Mr. van Veen.
Also at this meeting, Abraham Cohen was stepping down from the Supervisory Board. The Rules of Procedure of the Supervisory Board provide that in principle members will step down after having served three four-year terms. However, given the challenges Akzo Nobels Pharma business is facing and will continue to face in the next few years and given the importance of the U.S. market in general, the Supervisory Board considered an exception to this general rule to be in the best interest of the Company. The General Meeting of Shareholders reappointed Mr. Cohen for a four-year period.
All nominations were made in accordance with the membership profile, which can be found on Akzo Nobels website.
All Supervisory Board members meet the applicable independence requirements of the Dutch Corporate Governance Code, except for Mr. van Lede and Mr. van den Brink. However, the Supervisory Board considers Mr. van den Brink to be independent under the Code. Reference is made to the details of the Supervisory Board members on pages 85 and with respect to Mr. van den Brinks independence to the explanation in the Corporate Governance chapter on page 83.
Board of Management
General
The Board of Management is entrusted
with the management of the Company, which means, among other things, that it
defines the strategic direction, establishes the policies, and manages the Companys
day-today operations. The members of the Board of Management collectively manage
the Company and are responsible for its performance. They are jointly and individually
accountable for all decisions made by the Board of Management. In performing
its duties, the Board of Management is guided by the interest of the Company
and its affiliated enterprise.
The Chairman leads the Board of Management in its overall management of the Company to achieve its performance goals and ambitions. He is the main point of liaison with the Supervisory Board. The CFO is specifically responsible for the Companys financial affairs. The Board of Management has members with specific responsibility for the main product areas: Pharma, Coatings, and Chemicals.
Akzo Nobels organizational model is based on business units. The General Managers are responsible for the performance of their business units. To safeguard consistency and coherence for the total organization, Corporate Directives have been established by the Board of Management.
For effective steering of the strategy and operations of the business units, the Board of Management has delegated certain authorities to Board Committees for Pharma, Coatings, and Chemicals. Furthermore, a Pensions Board Committee oversees the general pension policies to be implemented in the various pension plans of the Company. Board Committees consist of at least two Board members. Delegation of authorities to Board Committees and individual Board members is laid down in an internal authority schedule.
90
The Board of Management appoints its own secretary, which may be and at this moment is the same person as the Secretary of the Supervisory Board. This is Mr. G.H. (Han) Jalink (1949, Dutch), serving in this capacity since 2002.
The composition of the Board of Management on May 31, 2005 was as follows:
Served in such or | ||
Board of Management | Position with Company | similar capacity since |
Hans Wijers | Chairman and CEO | 2002 |
(1951, Dutch) | ||
Rob Frohn | CFO | 2004 |
(1960, Dutch) | ||
Toon Wilderbeek | Pharma | 2002 |
(1950, Dutch) | ||
Leif Darner | Chemicals | 2004 |
(1952, Swedish) | ||
Effective May 1, 2005, Rudy van der Meer retired from the Board of Management.
Appointment, Conflicts of Interest
The General Meeting of Shareholders appoints the members of the Board of Management. The Meeting of Holders of Priority Shares is entitled to make binding nominations for such appointments. As a rule, the members of the Board of Management step down at the Annual General Meeting in the year in which they reach the age of 62. Members of the Board of Management can be removed from office by the General Meeting of Shareholders.
Starting with the appointments made in 2004, members of the Board of Management are appointed for four-year terms, with the possibility of reappointment. This is in line with the Codes provision II.1.1. However, the contracts of the incumbent members of the Board of Management were not renegotiated, as this was not felt to be in the interest of the Company.
In the amendment of the Articles of Association, the maximum four-year term for members of the Board of Management appointed as of 2004 will be formalized.
The Meeting of Holders of Priority Shares has the right to make binding nominations for the appointment of members of the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board. The priority shares are held by the Akzo Nobel Foundation. The Board of the Akzo Nobel Foundation consists of the members of the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board.
According to the Codes recommendation (provision IV.1.1) the General Meeting of Shareholders should be able to pass a resolution to cancel the binding nature of a nomination for the appointment of the Supervisory Board or the Board of Management. This provision also states that the Company may require that such resolution will be subject to a quorum, which may not exceed one third of the issued capital. In this connection it is noted that the Companys Articles of Association provide that the holders of priority shares have the power to draw up binding nominations for appointments as aforesaid. These nominations cannot be canceled by the General Meeting of Shareholders. The Company subscribes to the Codes
91
principle in general and therefore proposes additional provi sions relating to the nomination procedures. In the amendment of the Articles of Association, aside from the existing nomination powers of the Meeting of Holders of Priority Shares, an additional nomination procedure will be introduced. This means that in normal circumstances the members of the Supervisory Board and the Board of Management will be appointed on the basis of a nonbinding nomination by the Supervisory Board. The Board of the Akzo Nobel Foundation has confirmed its intention to use its binding nomination rights only in case of exceptional circumstances, such as in the event of a (threatened) hostile takeover. In both of the aforesaid situations, resolutions to appoint a person as a member of the Supervisory Board or the Board of Management require a simple majority. Of course, shareholders meeting the requirements of the Articles of Association also have the right to nominate members of the Supervisory Board or the Board of Management. Such appointments will require a two-thirds majority representing at least fifty percent of the outstanding share capital.
Although a deviation from provision IV.1.1 of the Code, the Supervisory Board and the Board of Management believe the Company is introducing provisions in this respect that will enhance the continuity of the Companys management and policies. In this connection it is observed that the Board of the Foundation will consist only of those members of the Supervisory Board who are not a member of the Audit Committee.
Members of the Board of Management
are allowed to hold a maximum of two supervisory board memberships in other
companies. This is in line with the Code (provision II.1.7). The exception to
this rule is that in the year prior to their retirement, Board of Management
members are allowed to hold more than two supervisory board memberships in order
to allow them to prepare for their postretirement activities, provided this
does not interfere with the execution of their tasks as members of the Board
of Management. Acceptance of external supervisory board memberships is subject
to approval by the Supervisory Board, which power has been delegated to the
Chairman of the Supervisory Board.
The handling of (potential) conflicts of interest between the Company and members of the Board of Management is governed by the Rules of Procedure for the Board of Management. Decisions to enter into transactions under which Board of Management members would have conflicts of interests that are of material significance to the Company and/or to the relevant Board of Management member require the approval of the Supervisory Board.
Changes in the Board of Management
Effective May 1, 2004, Fritz Fröhlich retired as CFO and Deputy Chairman of the Board of Management. Rob Frohn, who until the end of 2003 was General Manager of Surface Chemistry, succeeded him as a member of the Board of Management and CFO.
Dag Strömqvist retired from the Board of Management effective July 1, 2004.
Leif Darner, until May 1, 2004, General Manager of Marine & Protective Coatings, succeeded Mr. Strömqvist.
Rudy van der Meer retired effective May 1, 2005. It was decided not to fill this vacancy. Hans Wijers will take responsibility for Akzo Nobels Coatings businesses in addition to his duties as CEO.
At the General Meeting of Shareholders on April 21, 2005, it was decided to decrease the number of members of the Board of Management to four.
92
B. | COMPENSATION |
Remuneration in 2004
Pursuant to the Dutch Disclosure of Remuneration of Board Members Act, total remuneration and shares held by members of the Supervisory Board and the Board of Management are specified below.In 2004, the aggregate remuneration of the Supervisory Board and Board of Management was EUR 6.5 million. The aggregate amount set aside or accrued by the Company in 2004 to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for those individuals was EUR 1.4 million.
Supervisory Board
In respect of their functions the members of the Supervisory Board received the following remuneration:
In euros | 2004 | 2003 | ||
Aarnout Loudon, Chairman1) | 59,000 | 56,100 | ||
Frits Fentener van Vlissingen3) | 16,000 | 47,200 | ||
Maarten van Veen1)4) | 48,000 | 47,200 | ||
Virginia Bottomley1) | 48,000 | 45,700 | ||
Dolf van den Brink5) | 32,000 | |||
Uwe-Ernst Bufe2) | 48,000 | 32,000 | ||
Abraham Cohen2) | 48,000 | 47,200 | ||
Cees van Lede | 41,000 | 27,300 | ||
Alain Mérieux | 41,000 | 41,000 | ||
Lars Thunell2) | 48,000 | 47,200 | ||
Karel Vuursteen1) | 48,000 | 45,700 | ||
1) | Member of the Remuneration Committee and member of the Nomination Committee. |
2) | Member of the Audit Committee. |
3) | Until May 1, 2004, Deputy Chairman and member of the Audit Committee. |
4) | From May 1, 2004, Deputy Chairman. |
5) | From May 1, 2004, member of the Supervisory Board and member of the Audit Committee. |
In accordance with the articles of association and good corporate governance practice, the remuneration of Supervisory Board members is not dependent on the results of the Company. The Company does not grant stock options and/or shares to its Supervisory Board members and does not provide loans to them. Travel expenses and facilities for members of the Supervisory Board are borne by the Company and reviewed by the Audit Committee.
Former members of the Supervisory Board did not receive any remuneration.
Board of Management
The remuneration policy and the individual service contracts of the members of the Board of Management are determined by the Supervisory Board within the framework of the remuneration policy adopted by the General Meeting of Shareholders. The Remuneration Committee prepares all relevant information and provides advice to the Supervisory Board on all matters relating to the remuneration and service contracts of the Board of Management.
93
The objective of the Companys remuneration policy is to provide remuneration in a form that will attract, retain, and motivate the members of the Board of Management as top managers of a major international company. In the determination and differentiation of the remuneration levels of the CEO, the CFO, and the other members, due allowance is made for the individuals specific responsibilities. Remuneration is differentiated on a basis comparable to that in other large Dutch multinational companies. To ensure that remuneration is linked to performance, a significant proportion of the remuneration package is variable and dependent on short- and long-term performance of the individual Board member and the Company.
Remuneration Structure 2004
The total remuneration package of the members of the Board of Management consists of:
– | base salary |
– | performance-related short-term incentive |
– | performance-related stock options |
– | performance-related restricted shares |
– | pension provisions |
– | other benefits, including severance payments. |
The Remuneration and Nomination Committee considers the remuneration structure each year to ensure it meets the objectives of the remuneration policy.
In 2004, the value of fixed and variable components at target levels breaks down as follows:
Other Board | ||||||
CEO | members | Average | ||||
Fixed | 39% | 43% | 42% | |||
Variable | 61% | 57% | 58% | |||
This breakdown is in line with the policy to provide a highly performance-related remuneration package. The variable components are related to stretching performance targets. Therefore, the reward related to these components may be lower than indicated. Only in the situation that actual performance is above targeted performance may a reward be granted that is higher than indicated.
Base Salary 2004
The Supervisory
Board decided not to adjust base salary levels for 2004. The base salary for
members of the Board of Management appointed in 2004 amounted to EUR 460,500
and is equal to the base salaries of the other members of the Board of Management,
with the exception of the CEO.
Short-Term Incentive (annual
bonus) 2004
The short-term incentive
(annual bonus) as described in the remuneration policy was applied for the first
time in 2004.
The members of the Board of Management, going forward in that position during the whole of 2005, have informed the Remuneration Committee that they have the intention, during the next open period, to invest 50% of their 2004 net bonus in Akzo Nobel shares, which will be held for a period of not less than three years.
94
Long-Term Incentives
2004
In 2004 the Remuneration
Committee fixed the number of options relating to the option arrangement 20012011.
These options were granted on the condition that the number of options could
(after three years) be reduced by a maximum of 50% if certain performance criteria
were not met or not sufficiently met.
The Committee has fixed the number of options on the basis of the average of the EVA on Invested Capital during the years 20012003. The outcome of this calculation resulted in a discount of 5.6% of 50% of the number of granted options. Consequently, 97.2% of the number of options became unconditional.
Under the new option plan applicable as from the year 2004, 23,000 conditional options were granted to the CEO and 15,000 to the other members of the Board of Management. The members of the Board of Management who retired in 2004 received 20,000 (Mr. Fröhlich) and 10,000 options (Mr. Strömqvist).
The number of performance-related shares granted to the members of the Board of Management in 2004 amounted to 33,000 for the CEO and 22,000 for the other members. Board members who retired in 2004 did not receive any performance-related shares.
Stock Options1
In 2002, stock options were
granted to the Board of Management with a term of ten years and a performance-dependent
vesting period of three years. After three years, the number of options granted
can be decreased by a maximum percentage of 50, if specific performance criteria
are not met or not sufficiently met. From 2003 onwards, options granted expire
after seven years.
All outstanding options from the series 1999, which were exercisable immediately upon grant, lapsed in 2004.
The stock options granted in 2004 are conditional during a period of three years after grant and have a total term (including the three-year conditional period) of seven years. The exercise price of the stock options is the Euronext Amsterdam opening price on the first day after the General Shareholders Meeting that the Akzo Nobel share is quoted ex dividend (2004: EUR 31.45).
Members of the Board of Management held no Akzo Nobel share options other than the stock options mentioned in this Annual Report.
Pensions
Members of the Board of Management
normally retire in the year that they reach the age of 62. Different pension
plans are provided to members of the Board of Management, based on the salaries,
local customs, and rules in the countries of origin.
The pension plan for all Dutch members of the Board of Management appointed after January 1, 2002, is based on an income- and age-related defined contribution plan.
Loans
As a policy and as required
by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Company does not provide loans to members of
the Board of Management. There are currently no loans outstanding.
1 | For a description of the option plan and the Akzo Nobel Employee Share Plan reference is made to Note 13 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Akzo Nobel. |
95
Contracts of Employment
Starting with the appointments
made in 2004, members of the Board of Management are appointed for four-year
terms, with the possibility of reappointment.
Former Members of the
Board of Management
Charges relating to former
members of the Board of Management amounted to EUR 547,900 in 2004, mainly related
to pension expenses (2003: EUR 656,700).
Overview of Remuneration
2004
The members of the Board
of Management received the following salaries, performance related bonuses and
other emoluments1.
|
|
|
|
|
In euros | 2004 | 2003 | ||
|
|
|
|
|
Hans Wijers, Chairman from May 1, 2003 | ||||
Salary | 644,900 | 614,000 | ||
Bonus | 628,500 | 338,400 | ||
Other emoluments | 6,000 | 5,300 | ||
Leif Darner, from July 1, 2004 | ||||
Salary | 230,300 | |||
Bonus | 207,300 | |||
Other emoluments | 3,100 | |||
Rob Frohn, from May 1, 2004 | ||||
Salary | 307,000 | |||
Bonus | 276,300 | |||
Other emoluments | 4,300 | |||
Rudy van der Meer | ||||
Salary | 460,500 | 460,500 | ||
Bonus | 392,400 | 235,500 | ||
Other emoluments | 3,000 | 5,000 | ||
Toon Wilderbeek | ||||
Salary | 460,500 | 460,500 | ||
Bonus | 414,500 | 240,000 | ||
Other emoluments | 6,000 | 5,000 | ||
Fritz Fröhlich, until May 1, 2004 | ||||
Salary | 184,100 | 552,200 | ||
Bonus | 129,900 | 284,000 | ||
Other emoluments | 1,700 | 6,400 | ||
Dag Strömqvist, until July 1, 2004 | ||||
Salary | 214,900 | 460,500 | ||
Bonus | 144,600 | 235,500 | ||
Other emoluments | 1,400 | 4,500 | ||
|
1 | Other emoluments concern employers charges (social contributions and healthcare contributions). |
96
After deduction of any contributions made by members of the Board of Management, pension expenses borne by the Company were as follows:
In euros | 2004 | 2003 | ||
Hans Wijers | 281,300 | 198,100 | ||
Leif Darner, from July 1, 2004 | 44,500 | |||
Rob Frohn, from May 1, 2004 | 119,900 | |||
Rudy van der Meer | 15,100 | 359,300 | ||
Toon Wilderbeek | 300,700 | 237,200 | ||
Fritz Fröhlich | 463,900 | 436,200 | ||
Dag Strömqvist | 95,600 | 286,800 | ||
The aggregate number of options held by the members of the Board of Management at December 31, 2004, is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year | Exercise | Outstanding at | Granted | Lapsed | Outstanding at |
Expiry
date
|
|||||||
of | price in | December 31, | in 2004 | in 2004 | December 31, |
|
|||||||
Number of options | issue | EUR | 2003 | 2004 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hans Wijers | 2002 | 46.53 | 14,850 | 14,850 |
April
25, 2012
|
||||||||
2003 | 19.51 | 29,700 | 29,700 |
April
22, 2010
|
|||||||||
2004 | 31.45 | 23,000 | 23,000 |
April
25, 2011
|
|||||||||
Value outstanding |
|
||||||||||||
options, in EUR | 568,800 |
|
|||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
Leif Darner | 1999 | 42.50 | 4,500 | 4,500 |
|
||||||||
2000 | 44.82 | 4,950 | 4,950 |
April
27, 2005
|
|||||||||
2001 | 46.75 | 4,950 | 4,950 |
April
30, 2006
|
|||||||||
2002 | 46.53 | 4,950 | 4,950 |
April
25, 2009
|
|||||||||
2003 | 19.51 | 4,950 | 4,950 |
April
22, 2010
|
|||||||||
2004 | 31.45 | 15,000 | 15,000 |
April
25, 2011
|
|||||||||
Value outstanding |
|
||||||||||||
options, in EUR | 182,900 |
|
|||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
Fritz Fröhlich, retired at |
|
||||||||||||
May 1, 2004 | 1999 | 42.50 | 27,000 | 27,000 |
|
||||||||
2000 | 44.82 | 29,700 | 29,700 |
April
27, 2010
|
|||||||||
2001 | 46.75 | 29,700 | 832 | 28,868 |
April
30, 2011
|
||||||||
2002 | 46.53 | 29,700 | 29,700 |
April
25, 2012
|
|||||||||
2003 | 19.51 | 29,700 | 29,700 |
April
22, 2010
|
|||||||||
2004 | 31.45 | 20,000 | 20,000 |
April
25, 2011
|
|||||||||
Value outstanding |
|
||||||||||||
options, in EUR | 802,000 |
|
|||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
Rob Frohn | 1999 | 42.50 | 1,200 | 1,200 |
|
||||||||
2000 | 44.82 | 4,950 | 4,950 |
April
27, 2005
|
|||||||||
2001 | 46.75 | 4,950 | 4,950 |
April
30, 2006
|
|||||||||
2002 | 46.53 | 4,950 | 4,950 |
April
25, 2009
|
|||||||||
2003 | 19.51 | 4,950 | 4,950 |
April
22, 2010
|
|||||||||
2004 | 31.45 | 15,000 | 15,000 |
April
25, 2011
|
|||||||||
Value outstanding |
|
||||||||||||
options, in EUR | 182,900 |
|
|||||||||||
|
97 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year | Exercise | Outstanding at | Granted | Lapsed | Outstanding at | Expiry date | ||||||||
of | price in | December 31, | in 2004 | in 2004 | December 31, | |||||||||
Number of options | issue | EUR | 2003 | 2004 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rudy van der Meer | 1999 | 42.50 | 24,000 | 24,000 | ||||||||||
retired at May 1, 2005 | 2000 | 44.82 | 26,400 | 26,400 | April 27, 2010 | |||||||||
2001 | 46.75 | 26,400 | 739 | 25,661 | April 30, 2011 | |||||||||
2002 | 46.53 | 26,400 | 26,400 | April 25, 2012 | ||||||||||
2003 | 19.51 | 26,400 | 26,400 | April 22, 2010 | ||||||||||
2004 | 31.45 | 15,000 | 15,000 | April 25, 2011 | ||||||||||
Value outstanding | ||||||||||||||
options, in EUR | 693,600 | |||||||||||||
Dag Strömqvist, retired at | ||||||||||||||
July 1, 2004 | 1999 | 42.50 | 6,000 | 6,000 | ||||||||||
2000 | 44.82 | 3,300 | 3,300 | April 27, 2005 | ||||||||||
2000 | 44.82 | 13,200 | 13,200 | April 27, 2010 | ||||||||||
2001 | 46.75 | 26,400 | 739 | 25,661 | April 30, 2011 | |||||||||
2002 | 46.53 | 26,400 | 26,400 | April 25, 2012 | ||||||||||
2003 | 19.51 | 26,400 | 26,400 | April 22, 2010 | ||||||||||
2004 | 31.45 | 10,000 | 10,000 | April 25, 2011 | ||||||||||
Value outstanding | ||||||||||||||
options, in EUR | 615,700 | |||||||||||||
Toon Wilderbeek | 1999 | 42.50 | 4,500 | 4,500 | ||||||||||
2000 | 44.82 | 6,600 | 6,600 | April 27, 2005 | ||||||||||
2001 | 46.75 | 6,600 | 6,600 | April 30, 2006 | ||||||||||
2002 | 46.53 | 3,300 | 3,300 | April 25, 2009 | ||||||||||
2002 | 46.53 | 13,200 | 13,200 | April 25, 2012 | ||||||||||
2003 | 19.51 | 26,400 | 26,400 | April 22, 2010 | ||||||||||
2004 | 31.45 | 15,000 | 15,000 | April 25, 2011 | ||||||||||
Value outstanding | ||||||||||||||
options, in EUR | 484,700 | |||||||||||||
|
In 2004, no stock options were exercised by the members of the Board of Management.
Remuneration Policy 2005
The Companys remuneration policy, including all structures and policies related to the remuneration and employment contracts of the Board of Management, was reviewed in light of the Dutch Corporate Governance Code. As a consequence, the Supervisory Board adjusted the remuneration packages of the Board of Management. The total remuneration package of the members of the Board of Management consists of:
| base salary |
| performance-related short-term incentive |
| performance-related stock options |
| performance-related restricted shares |
| pension provisions |
| other benefits, including severance payments. |
To ensure overall competitiveness of the remuneration provided to the Board of Management, the remuneration levels of the Board of Management are assessed against a peer group. The Remuneration
98 |
Committee consults professional independent remuneration experts to ensure an appropriate comparison. Statistical models are used to modify the data of the peer group companies to assume a similar size as Akzo Nobel and a similar scope of responsibilities of the Board of Management. This remuneration package is based on a remuneration policy that will be submitted for adoption to the General Meeting of Shareholders in April 2005. It should be noted that the performance-related option and share plans for members of the Board of Management were approved by shareholders in April 2004.
It is the Companys policy to gradually move toward overall remuneration levels that are at the median level of the external benchmark of the following peer group of companies:
| Aegon | | Royal DSM |
| Heineken | | Wolters Kluwer |
| Reed Elsevier | | Royal Numico |
| TPG | | Royal Ahold |
| VNU | | KPN |
Royal Ahold and KPN are not included in the peer group for the CEO.
In line with the Companys remuneration policy, variable performance-related remuneration will be an important part of total compensation.
Base Salary
The base salary
levels of the members of the Board of Management are almost without exception
at or below the lower quartile of the peer group of companies used in the external
comparison.
While the focus on variable performance-related compensation elements will continue, the base salaries need to be more aligned with the market median in order to remain competitive. The Supervisory Board considers each year whether the circumstances allow a reconsideration of the base salaries.
Short-Term Incentive
(Annual Bonus)
The target short-term incentive
(annual bonus) will be 80% of the base salary for the CEO and 65% of the base
salary for the other members of the Board of Management. The bonus opportunity
is linked to EVA in order to encourage the Board of Management to create long-term
value for the Companys shareholders and stakeholders. The target EVA for
the bonus will be determined annually by the Supervisory Board and will be based
on budget. The Supervisory Board ensures that targets are realistic and sufficiently
stretching. EVA performance accounts for 70% of the annual bonus opportunity.
The remaining 30% of the bonus opportunity will be based on individual targets.
The threshold level of the EVA-related part of the bonus is 80% of the targeted
EVA. In case of performance below the threshold level there will be no payout.
The maximum bonus in any one year will not exceed 1.5 times the target bonus.
The maximum bonus for the CEO will not exceed 120% of his base salary and 100%
for the other members of the Board of Management. TheCompany
will not disclose the targets as these qualify as commercially sensitive information.
This bonus scheme is fully aligned with the bonus arrangement for Executives
at Akzo Nobel.
Long-Term Incentives
The long-term incentives
plan intends to stimulate the performance-driven culture at Akzo Nobel and is
linked to stretching performance targets. This plan was presented in 2004 and
consists of performance stock options and performance shares. Both schemes were
approved by the General Meeting of Shareholders in April 2004.
99 |
The stock option plan will be conditional on performance upon vesting. The number of stock options that will be granted to the Board of Management is determined by the Supervisory Board. Market levels as well as Company-specific circumstances will be taken into account in determining the appropriate conditional number of options to be granted. The actual number of options which the Board of Management receives depends on the Companys performance during a three-year vesting period. The total option term is seven years.
The performance measure used to determine the number of options that vest is set by the average of the results of the comparison between planned and realized EVA on Invested Capital (EOI) or economic value created in relation to invested capital during the period of three consecutive years. This measure is used to encourage EVA performance over a longer period of time. The EOI targets are set annually by the Supervisory Board. These specific targets will not be disclosed as they qualify as commercially sensitive information.
As a policy, the exercise price of the stock options is the Euronext Amsterdam opening price on the first day after the General Meeting of Shareholders that the Akzo Nobel share is quoted ex dividend.
Stock options will not vest below 80% of the targeted EOI. The number of granted options is also the maximum number of options that vest upon achieving the targeted performance. If targeted performance is exceeded, there will be no increase in the number of options that vest.
The expected value of performance stock options for the Board of Management is based on the Binomial Option Pricing Model, which is in line with international accounting regulations. The calculations for the valuation will be reviewed by the Companys auditors.
The aim of the performance share plan is to align the interests of the Board of Management and the shareholders in order to improve the performance of the Company. Under the plan, shares will be granted to the members of the Board of Management provided that certain performance targets are achieved and the contract of employment is continued. These targets are determined by the Supervisory Board in the first quarter of the year of issue on the basis of the weighted average of the price of the Akzo Nobel share increased by the dividend paid over a period of three years (Total Shareholder Return). The TSR will be compared with the following peer group:
| Bayer | | Merck KGaA |
| CIBA Specialty Chemicals | | Novo Nordisk |
| Clariant | | PPG Industries |
| Degussa | | Schering |
| Dow Chemical Company | | Serono |
| Royal DSM | | Solvay |
| Dupont de Nemours | | UCB |
| Imperial Chemical Industries | | Valspar |
There have been no adjustments in the peer group as published in the Annual Report for 2003. Based on this peer group, Akzo Nobel will be ranked for its total return to shareholders. Independent external specialists will conduct this analysis to determine the number of shares that will vest over a three-year period. The determination of the final ranking (and thus the vesting of shares) will be reviewed by the Companys auditors at the end of the performance period.
100
Given the Companys historical performance, market expectations, and strategy, the following performance incentive zone will apply. There will be no shares that vest for a position below the tenth position of the sixteen peer companies. For the fifth position, all shares conditionally granted will vest. The maximum number of shares will vest only for the first position within the peer group. This is 150% of the target value of the number of shares conditionally granted.
The expected value of the performance share plan is based on probability analyses. In valuating its incentive plans, the Company is assisted by independent external advisers. All valuations are reviewed by the Companys auditors.
Pensions
The pension plan
for all the members of the Board of Management appointed after January 1, 2002,
is based on an income- and age-related defined contribution plan. The available
premium is invested with a pension fund. The pension payment at pension age
depends on the premiums received and the investment results during the period.
The premium percentages to be paid for the Board member concerned are fixed
by the Supervisory Board taking into account pension buildup (internally or
externally) in the period preceding the appointment as Board member and the
rules applicable in the countries of origin. External reference data can be
used in determining market competitive levels of pension arrangements. If applicable,
pension rights built up in the period preceding Board membership will be adjusted
in conformity with the relevant rules and regulations. Members of the Board
of Management normally retire in the year that they reach the age of 62. Members
of the Board of Management pay a personal contribution.
C. BOARD PRACTICES
Reference is made to information under Item 6.A.
D. EMPLOYEES
The tables below set forth the distribution of the number of employees per group and geographical area for the last three fiscal years.
|
|
|||||
Number of employees per segment, December 31 | ||||||
2004 | 2003 | 2002 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pharma | 19,400 | 20,700 | 21,800 | |||
Coatings | 29,000 | 28,300 | 29,400 | |||
Chemicals | 11,900 | 14,400 | 15,500 | |||
Other | 1,100 | 1,200 | 1,200 | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total | 61,400 | 64,600 | 67,900 | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
101
Number of employees by country or region, December 31, | ||||||
2004 | 2003 | 2002 | ||||
The Netherlands | 11,300 | 12,700 | 13,000 | |||
Germany | 4,100 | 4,100 | 4,700 | |||
Sweden | 4,000 | 4,300 | 4,500 | |||
United Kingdom | 4,200 | 4,600 | 4,900 | |||
Other European countries | 13,500 | 13,500 | 14,400 | |||
USA and Canada | 8,400 | 9,500 | 10,600 | |||
Latin America | 4,400 | 4,600 | 4,700 | |||
Asia | 9,200 | 9,000 | 8,800 | |||
Other regions | 2,300 | 2,300 | 2,300 | |||
Total | 61,400 | 64,600 | 67,900 | |||
The Company was well prepared to face the multitude of challenges of the year. Ongoing restructuring programs were vigorously pursued, and various new programs were started to address pressure on our earnings.
In 2004, workforce was reduced by 2,650 people due to restructurings. Divestments and acquisitions on balance resulted in a decrease of workforce by 1,610 people. Especially in Coatings, the Company expanded its workforce in those activities and regions where it is growing. We are actively participating in attractive growth in Asia, particularly China, and in Eastern Europe.
To date, the major restructuring programs initiated in 2001 and expanded during 2002, 2003 and 2004, have resulted in a total workforce reduction by 9,000, some 13 percent of the Companys workforce.
The Company generally has good relationships with the labor unions.
E. SHARE OWNERSHIP
Shares of Akzo Nobel N.V. held by the Members of the Supervisory Board and the Board of Management
At May 31, 2005, the members of Supervisory Board held 10,697 Akzo Nobel N.V. common shares and did not hold any other Akzo Nobel N.V. securities, except for Mr. Van Lede who still holds options under the Akzo Nobel Stock Option Plan, stemming from the time when he was Chairman of Akzo Nobels Board of Management and for which reference is made to the table below.
The ownership of Akzo Nobel N.V. common shares breaks down as follows:
|
|
|
Number of shares | ||
|
|
|
Virginia Bottomley | 500 | |
Abraham Cohen | 4,000 | |
Cees van Lede | 5,500 | |
Karel Vuursteen | 400 | |
|
|
102
Former Supervisory Board Member Maarten van Veen held 297 common shares.
At May 31, 2005, Mr. Van Lede held the following options:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year
|
Exercise | Outstanding at | Lapsed | Outstanding at | Expiry date | ||||||
of
|
price in | December 31, | in 2004 | December 31, | |||||||
issue
|
EUR | 2003 | 2004 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1999
|
42.50 | 36,000 | 36,000 | April 25, 2004 | |||||||
2000
|
44.82 | 39,600 | 39,600 | April 27, 2010 | |||||||
2001
|
46.75 | 39,600 | 1,109 | 38,491 | April 30, 2011 | ||||||
2002
|
46.53 | 39,600 | 39,600 | April 25, 2012 | |||||||
2003
|
19.51 | 39,600 | 39,600 | April 22, 2010 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At May 31, 2005, the members of the Board of Management held 13,099 Akzo Nobel N.V. common shares. The ownership breaks down as follows:
Number of shares | ||
Hans Wijers | 5,934 | |
Leif Darner | 1,425 | |
Rob Frohn | 3,000 | |
Toon Wilderbeek | 2,740 | |
Former Board of Management member Rudy van der Meer held 1,183 common shares.
Members of the Board of Management held no options other than the aforementioned stock options.
No member of the Supervisory Board or the Board of Management beneficially owns more than 1 percent of Akzo Nobel N.V. common shares.
Item 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS
As required by the Disclosure of major Holdings in Listed Companies Act 1996, the Netherlands Authority for the Financial Markets announced in July 2002 that ING had acquired a position of 5 percent in Akzo Nobel common shares. At December 31, 2004, ING held 17,811,647 common shares, representing 6.2 percent of Akzo Nobel common shares outstanding. ING does not have any different voting rights from the rights of other common shareholders.
At year-end 2004, Akzo Nobel estimates that there were approximately 64 percent of its shares (including ADRs) held in the United States, 18 percent in the Netherlands, 5 percent in the United Kingdom, and 13 percent in other countries. About 10 percent of the total number of shares were owned by private investors and 90 percent by institutional investors.
In February 1989, Akzo Nobel established a sponsored American Depositary Receipt facility with Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York, as depositary, pursuant to which American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) representing American Depositary Shares (ADSs) are issued. In October 1999, Akzo Nobel terminated its depositary arrangements with Morgan Guaranty Trust Company and appointed103
Citibank, N.A., as depositary for its ADR facility. In October 2004, Akzo Nobel terminated its depositary arrangements with Citibank, N.A. and appointed Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as depositary for its ADR facility. In connection with the four-for-one stock split, which took effect on July 1, 1998, the ADSs were redenominated so that one ADS represents one Akzo Nobel common share (until July 1, 1998 each ADS represented one-half of a common share of Akzo Nobel). Akzo Nobel has been informed by the depositary that in the United States as of March 31, 2005, there were 60,607,199 sponsored ADSs (representing 21 percent of the outstanding common shares) which were held by record holders.B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The nonconsolidated companies of Akzo Nobel N.V. are shown in Exhibit 8, to which reference is made. Certain nonconsolidated companies sell goods and provide services to consolidated Akzo Nobel companies. In addition, consolidated Akzo Nobel companies sell goods and provide services to certain nonconsolidated companies. Such transactions were not significant on an individual or aggregate basis. These transactions were conducted at arms length with terms comparable to transactions with third parties.
In the ordinary course of business the Company has transactions with various organizations with which certain of its members of the Supervisory Board or Board of Management are associated but no material transactions responsive to this item have been entered into in the period commencing January 1, 2001 to the date of this report. Likewise there have been no material transactions with members of the Supervisory Board or Board of Management, any other senior management personnel or any family member of such persons. Also no loans have been extended to members of the Supervisory Board or Board of Management, any other senior management personnel or any family member of such persons.
C. INTEREST OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL
Not applicable.
A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.
See Item 18 Financial Statements for the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company.
Legal Proceedings
Environmental Matters
The Company
is subject to extensive European Union, national and local laws and regulations
governing discharges to the air and water as well as the handling and disposal
of solid and hazardous wastes. In addition, the Company is subject to regulatory
requirements governing the remediation of environmental contamination associated
with past releases of hazardous substances. Governmental authorities have the
power to enforce compliance with these requirements, and violators may be subject
to civil or criminal penalties, injunctions, or both. Third parties also may
have the right to sue to enforce compliance. The Company is involved in (legal)
proceedings with regulatory authorities in various countries that may require
the Company to pay fines relating to violations of environmental laws and regulations,
comply with more rigorous standards or other requirements, and incur capital
and operating expenses to meet such obligations.
104
The Company is subject to hazardous substance cleanup laws in various countries that impose liability for the costs of cleaning up contamination resulting from past spills, disposal or other releases of hazardous substances. In particular, the Company may be subject to liability under the United States Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund) and similar laws that impose liabilitywithout a showing of fault, negligence or regulatory violationon the generator of hazardous substances that have caused, or may cause, environmental contamination.
Pursuant to CERCLA, in certain circumstances, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) may order one or more potentially responsible parties (PRPs) to clean up environmental contamination. In other cases, the EPA may clean up a site and then seek reimbursement of expenditures of federal funds from PRPs. Courts have interpreted CERCLA generally to impose joint and several liability without regard to fault for cleanup (and certain other) costs on all PRPs. This means that each PRP conceivably could be held liable for the entire amount of necessary cleanup costs. As a practical matter, however, liability is often apportioned among PRPs based on the volume and/or toxicity of the wastes disposed by each PRP.
It is the Companys policy to accrue and charge against earnings environmental cleanup costs when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and an amount is reasonably estimable. These accruals are reviewed periodically and adjusted, if necessary, as assessments and cleanups proceed and additional information becomes available. Environmental liabilities can change substantially by the emergence of additional information on the nature or extent of contamination, the necessity of employing particular methods of remediation, actions by governmental agencies or private parties, or other factors of a similar nature. Cash expenditures often lag behind the period in which an accrual is recorded by a number of years.
In accordance with the aforementioned policies, as of December 31, 2004, the aggregate environmental related long-term liabilities and accruals accounted for amounted to EUR 242 million (December 31, 2003: EUR 203 million).
Although the Company believes that over the years it and its predecessors utilized operating practices that were standard in the relevant industry and were in compliance with existing environmental regulations, hazardous materials may have been released in or under currently or previously operated sites.Consequently, the Company may be required to remediate contamination at some of these sites. Although the Company does not have sufficient information to estimate its potential liability in connection with any potential future remediation, it believes that if any such remediation is required, it will occur over an extended period of time. The Company anticipates that there may be a need for future provisions for environmental costs which, in management's opinion based on information currently available, would not have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial position and liquidity, but could be materially adverse to the Companys results of operations in any one accounting period. Environmental liabilities can change substantially by the emergence of additional information on the nature or extent of contamination, the necessity of employing particular methods of remediation, actions by governmental agencies or private parties or other factors of a similar nature.
While it is not feasible to predict the outcome of all pending environmental exposures, it is reasonably possible that there will be a need for future provisions for environmental costs which, in managements opinion based on information currently available, would not have a material effect on the Companys financial position but could be material to the Companys results of operations in any one accounting period.
105
Antitrust Cases
Akzo Nobel is involved in investigations
by the antitrust authorities in the European Union, the United States, and Canada
into alleged violations of the respective antitrust laws for some products in
these jurisdictions. The Company is fully cooperating with the authorities in
these investigations. In addition, the Company is defending civil damage claims
in relation to some of these alleged antitrust violations. At
December 31, 2003, the Company had a provision for antitrust cases of EUR 75
million. Fines, civil damage settlements, and legal costs incurred in 2004 in
connection with these cases amounted to EUR 5 million (2003: EUR 27 million).
In 2004, based on an estimate of probable fines, civil damage claims, and costs to be paid over a number of years to cometaking into account legal advice and the current facts and circumstancesthe Company added EUR 110 million to the provision for antitrust cases. This addition to the provision also includes amounts related to the fines of EUR 21 million, imposed by the European Commission in December 2004 in connection with Akzo Nobel companies alleged involvement in a cartel for choline chloride, and of EUR 84,5 million, imposed by the European Commission in January 2005 for alleged involvement in a monochloroacetic acid cartel. The Company has appealed both decisions. At December 31, 2004, the provision for antitrust cases amounted to EUR 180 million.
In January 2005 the Company received a Statement of Objections by the EU Commission regarding an alleged EU cartel in Hydrogen Peroxide and Persalts. In this case as well as in investigations by the US DOJ and the Canadian Bureau of Competition into alleged antitrust violations in Hydrogen Peroxide in North America the Company is fully cooperating with the authorities. The Company believes that discussions with the US DOJ regarding a possible disposition of the matter may be finalized in the next few months.
It should be understood, however, that in light of possible future developments such as (a) the outcome of investigations of the various antitrust authorities, (b) potential additional lawsuits by (direct or indirect) purchasers, (c) possible future civil settlements, and (d) rulings or judgments in the pending investigations or in related civil suits, the antitrust cases are likely to result in additional liabilities and related costs. The Company at this point in time cannot estimate any additional amount of loss or range of loss in excess of the recorded amounts with sufficient certainty to allow such amount or range of amounts to be meaningful. Moreover, if and to the extent that the contingent liabilities materialize, they are typically paid over a number of years and the timing of such payments cannot be predicted with confidence. The Company believes that the aggregate amount of any additional fines and civil damages to be paid will not materially affect the Company's financial position. The aggregate amount, however, could be material to the Company's results of operations or cash flows in any one accounting period.
With regard to Flexsys, a 50/50 joint venture for rubber chemicals with Solutia Inc., authorities in the United States, Canada, and Europe are investigating alleged antitrust violations in the rubber chemicals industry. We have been informed by Flexsys management that it is cooperating with the authorities and will continue to do so. In April 2005 both Flexsys and the Company received a Statement of Objections by the EU Commission. Based on this Statement of Objections the Company has reason to believe that Flexsys and the Company will not be fined by the EU Commission. We are also aware of a number of purported class actions and individual actions having been filed against Flexsys in federal court (by direct purchasers) and in various state courts (by alleged indirect purchasers) in the United States, and in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, Canada. We are informed that fifteen of the U.S. state court actions have been dismissed against Flexsys on various grounds and that motions to dismiss or otherwise dispose of the remaining cases are still pending in seven remaining state cases. The Company is named as codefendant in the federal actions and in one state action in Tennessee. Flexsys has entered a
106
settlement agreement with the plaintiffs in the federal class action, subject to certain conditions including but not limited to final court approval. (currently scheduled for June 21, 2005). The settlement resolves the plaintiffs claims against the Company. Flexsys has recognized certain provisions for these cases and the Company does not believe that it will be liable for funding any judgments against, settlements made by, or related costs incurred by Flexsys. The carrying value of the Companys investment in Flexsys, however, may be affected by these cases.
Other Litigation and
Contingent Liabilities (Including Remeron®
Cases)
In December
2002 summary judgment of noninfringement was obtained by certain generic drug
manufacturers sued by the Company under the U.S. Hatch-Waxman Act, alleging
inducement of infringement by such manufacturers of the Company's U.S. patent
protecting the use of mirtazapine (Remeron®)
in combination with one or more SSRIs for the treatment of depression. Three
of the generic drug manufacturers sued by the Company filed antitrust claims
against the Company as counterclaims in the infringement actions brought by
the Company. In addition, antitrust claims were filed against the Company in
the United States on behalf of nine large chain store and grocery store pharmacies,
and by alleged classes of direct and indirect purchasers of Remeron®.
These cases were consolidated in the Federal District Court of New Jersey. In
addition to these cases, the state attorneys general of the States of Texas,
Florida, and Oregon opened civil investigations to determine if the Company's
conduct violated their respective laws and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC),
working with the State Attorneys General, opened a civil investigation to determine
whether the Company violated federal law.
The action brought by an alleged class of direct purchasers remains pending in the Federal District Court in Newark, New Jersey. In September 2004, the District Court entered an order dismissing three of the five claims brought by those direct purchasers while denying the plaintiffs motion for partial summary judgment. In February 2005 the District Court entered an order denying the plaintiffs motion for partial summary judgment on the issue of establishing monopoly power and granting the Companys motion for summary judgment with respect to establishing monopoly power via the direct evidence approach. The Court indicated that it would address the Companys pending motion for summary judgment with respect to the traditional market definition approach in a future opinion. That motion, as well as the Companys motion for summary judgment addressed to plaintiffs two remaining claims, remain outstanding, as does the plaintiffs motion for class certification and its motion for partial summary judgment with respect to an aspect of one of its claims. No trial date has been set. The Company will continue to defend the remaining claims vigorously.
107
There are pending against Akzo Nobel N.V. and its subsidiaries a number of other claims, all of which are contested. The Company is also involved in disputes with tax authorities in several jurisdictions.Furthermore, in the context of the divestitures of businesses the relevant Akzo Nobel companies have agreed to indemnify and/or provide guarantees to the buyers (and/or their successors and assigns) regarding certain representations and warranties or developments.
While the outcome of these claims, disputes, indemnifications and guarantees cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes, based upon legal advice and information received, that the final outcome will not materially affect the consolidated financial position of the Company but could be material to the Companys result of operations or cashflows in any one accounting period.
Dividend Policy
It is Akzo Nobels intention to pay a dividend of 35 40 percent of (NL GAAP) net income excluding restructuring and impairment charges and results on divestments, but this is subject to earnings, managements views on the business and allocation of capital, and so could change at any time.
B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES
From January 1, 2005, Akzo Nobel issues its consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Interpretations. The comparative figures for 2004 have been restated accordingly. For the Summary of Significant Accounting Policies applied under IFRS and a presentation of the financial information for 2004 in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, see the Companys website. Reference is also made to the report IFRS-based reporting for 2004 & implementation of IAS 32 and 39, which has been furnished to the SEC, which is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report.
The results for the first quarter of 2005 were published on April 19, 2005 and a Form 6-K was furnished with the SEC on the same date. The report is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report.
At the end of March, Organon and Johnson & Johnson mutually agreed to end their copromotion with regard to the antipsychotic drug Risperdal® and replaced it with a financial agreement. The need for this new agreement has arisen as a result of Organons development of its own antipsychotic products, notably asenapine through an alliance with Pfizer. The new agreement has no material impact on Organons future royalty income. Upfront payments were concluded of EUR 125 million upon signing and EUR 25 million in January 2006. Including discounting effects, this resulted in the special benefit of EUR 149 million, before taxes.
A. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS
The tables below sets forth the high and low sales prices for Akzo Nobel common shares on the EURONEXT stock exchange in Amsterdam during the periods indicated and for the ADSs on NASDAQ/NMS. One ADS represents one Akzo Nobel common share.
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Amsterdam | NASDAQ/NMS | ||||||||
High | Low | High | Low | ||||||
In
euros per share
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U.S. dollars per ADS
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2000 | 59.15 | 37.30 | 54.00 | 36.50 | |||||
2001 | 57.85 | 33.73 | 54.50 | 31.00 | |||||
2002 | 54.50 | 27.25 | 47.30 | 27.56 | |||||
2003 | 32.44 | 16.00 | 38.67 | 18.12 | |||||
2004 | 33.79 | 24.87 | 43.75 | 30.88 | |||||
2003 | 1stquarter | 32.44 | 16.00 | 33.42 | 18.12 | ||||
2ndquarter | 24.80 | 18.05 | 28.93 | 20.02 | |||||
3rdquarter | 30.68 | 21.88 | 33.59 | 29.16 | |||||
4thquarter | 30.61 | 25.36 | 38.67 | 29.92 | |||||
2004 | 1stquarter | 33.79 | 28.05 | 42.66 | 34.87 | ||||
2ndquarter | 32.30 | 27.85 | 38.05 | 33.59 | |||||
3rdquarter | 30.62 | 24.87 | 37.33 | 30.88 | |||||
4thquarter | 32.68 | 27.92 | 43.75 | 34.88 | |||||
December 2004 | 32.68 | 30.96 | 43.75 | 41.24 | |||||
January 2005 | 32.24 | 30.96 | 41.83 | 41.32 | |||||
February 2005 | 34.83 | 31.17 | 43.15 | 42.92 | |||||
March 2005 | 35.54 | 33.27 | 46.16 | 43.27 | |||||
April 2005 | 36.28 | 30.82 | 46.84 | 40.26 | |||||
May 2005 | 32.84 | 31.25 | 41.90 | 39.10 | |||||
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B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
Not applicable.
C. MARKETS
As of May 31, 2005, the Akzo Nobel common shares were listed on the following stock exchanges:
The Netherlands: | Euronext Amsterdam |
United States of America: | NASDAQ/NMS, as American Depositary Shares |
The Euronext stock exchange in Amsterdam is the principal trading market for Akzo Nobel common shares.
D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
Not applicable.
E. DILUTION
Not applicable.
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F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE
Not applicable.
Item 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A. SHARE CAPITAL
Not applicable.
B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
The following description sets out certain information concerning the Companys common shares, EUR 2 per share, and summarizes certain provisions of the Companys Articles of Association (the Articles of Association or the Articles) and the Dutch Civil Code1. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Companys Articles of Association and the Dutch Civil Code.
The Companys authorized capital is EUR 1,600,019,200, which is divided into 48 priority shares of EUR 400 each, 600,000,000 common shares of EUR 2 each, and 200,000,000 cumulative preferred shares of EUR 2 each, divided into fifty series numbered 1 through 50 of 4,000,000 shares each. As of December 31, 2004, 48 priority shares and 286,147,260 common shares were issued and fully paid up.
Principal Objects
Article 3 of the Companys Articles of Association provides that its objects include participation directly or indirectly in partnerships, companies and other legal entities, and to do all such things necessary to manage and finance such entities, including the holding and administering of patents and other intellectual property rights.
General
All of the issued and outstanding common shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Common shares are registered shares or bearer shares, at the option of the shareholder concerned. Registered shares may be Model I shares (no share certificate issued) or Model II shares (share certificate issued without a dividend sheet). A shareholder may also elect to replace Model I shares with Model II shares, and vice versa, subject to any minimum number of shares established by the Board of Management. Model I registered shares may be transferred by delivery to the Company of a signed deed of transfer in the form made available by the Company. Model II registered shares may be transferred by delivery of the certificate for such shares, if the form on its reverse, of a similar instrument accompanying the certificate, has been signed by the transferor.
Voting Rights
The number of members of both the Supervisory Board and the Board of Management is determined by the General Meeting of Shareholders on the proposal of the Meeting of the Holders of Priority Shares. The
1 | All references to the Articles of Association and the Dutch Civil Code are based upon English translations of such documents and are qualified by the original Dutch provisions. |
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members of both Boards are appointed and removed from office by the General Meeting of Shareholders. The Meeting of the Holders of Priority Shares have the exclusive right to draw up binding lists of nominees for appointment to the Supervisory Board and the Board of Management of the Company. At least two persons must be nominated for each vacancy. If less than half the subscribed capital is present, a two-thirds majority of the votes cast is required in order for the General Meeting of Shareholders to adopt a resolution to remove a member of the Supervisory Board, unless such removal is proposed by the Supervisory Board itself. A two-thirds majority of the votes cast is required for a resolution to remove a member of the Board of Management, unless proposed by the Supervisory Board.
At shareholders meetings each cumulative preferred share and each common share is entitled to one vote. Each priority share is entitled to two hundred votes. Attendance, whether by person or by proxy, for purposes of having the right to vote at a general meeting is decided upon by the chairman of the general meeting in accordance with the Articles of Association. Unless the Articles of Association or the Dutch Civil Code stipulate otherwise, all resolutions of the General Meeting of Shareholders must be approved by a majority of the votes cast. The chairman of the meeting shall decide the manner of voting, including the possibility of voting by acclamation.
Proposals to amend the Articles of Association and dissolve the Company require approval of the Meeting of the Holders of Priority Shares. Amendment to the Articles of Association altering the special rights of the holders of preferred shares must be approved at a meeting of the holders of those shares. Before the General Meeting of Shareholders may alter the special rights of holders of priority shares, a proposal to that effect must be approved by the vote of at least three-fourths of the outstanding priority shares.
General Meeting of Shareholders
The Articles usepersons entitled to attend shareholders meetings to mean: | |
(a) | the Company's shareholders; |
(b) | holders of depositary receipts for shares issued with the Company's sponsorship; and |
(c) | pledgees or usufructuaries of shares in the Company's capital, excepting pledgees or usufructuaries of shares whereof the voting rights are vested in the shareholderand whereof the rights that the law confers on holders of depositary receipts for shares issued with the Company's sponsorship were withheld when the pledge or usufruct was created or transferred. |
The Articles use persons entitled to attend shareholders meetings and to vote thereat to mean: | |
(a) | Company shareholders having the right to vote; |
(b) | usufructuaries or pledgees having the right to vote for the shares to which the usufruct or pledge relates. |
With due observance of the mandatory rules of law and of the provisions of the Articles, the Board ofManagement may issue further instructions concerning the manner in which shareholders and other persons entitled to attend shareholders' meetings may exercise their rights.
Notice of a General Meeting of Shareholders shall be given by the Board of Management or by the Supervisory Board through advertisements inserted in one or more national daily newspapers and in the Official List of Euronext Amsterdam N.V. (the Amsterdam stock exchange). The period intervening between the date on which notice of a meeting is given and the date fixed for such meeting, not counting either of these dates, shall be at least twenty-one days.
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One or more persons entitled to attend shareholders meetings and vote thereat who alone or jointly represent at least one-hundredth part of the total issued capital may submit proposals for consideration at the General Meeting of Shareholders, provided that such proposals be submitted in writing to the Companys office at least six weeks in advance of the meeting. However, the Board of Management reserves the right not to place proposals from persons mentioned above in this paragraph on the agenda if it judges them to be evidently not in the interest of the Company or of an enterprise in which the Company has a direct or indirect interest, or if the proposed decision on the issue in question is not within the competence of the General Meeting of Shareholders.
Article 110 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code provides that one or more shareholders, who jointly represent at least one-tenth of the issued capital may, on their application, be authorized by the President of the Court to convene a General Meeting of Shareholders. The President of the Court shall disallow the application if it does not appear to him that the applicants have previously requested the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board in writing, stating the exact matters to be considered, to convene a General Meeting of Shareholders and neither the Board of Management nor the Supervisory Board, which in this case have equal powers, have taken the necessary steps so that the General Meeting of shareholders could be held within six weeks after the request. For the application of this article, holders of depositary receipts issued for shares with cooperation of the company have the same rights as shareholders.
Without prejudice to the other provisions of article 47 of the Articles, the members of the Supervisory Board and the Board of Management and the persons entitled to attend shareholders meetings shall have the right to attend the General Meeting of Shareholders.
Every person entitled to attend shareholders' meetings and vote thereat shall have the right to attend the General Meeting of Shareholders, either in person or by proxy duly authorized in writing, to address the meeting, and to vote thereat: (a) provided that he has declared his intention to do so not later than on the day named in the convening notice, which day cannot be earlier than seven and not later than five clear days before the day of the meeting (not counting either the day that he declared his intention or the day of the meeting), at the venue specified in that notice; and (b) in the case of a holder of bearer shares, a usufructuary with the right to vote, or a pledgee with the right to vote, provided that he has deposited the document evidencing his right not later than on the day named in the convening notice, which day cannot be earlier than seven and not later than five clear days before the day of the meeting (not counting the day that the share certificates were deposited or the day of the meeting), at the venue specified in that notice, against a receipt. This receipt shall also serve as ticket of admission to the meeting.
Every person entitled to attend shareholders' meetings shall have the right to attend the General Meeting of Shareholders, either in person or by proxy duly authorized in writing, and to address the meeting. The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis.
The Board of Management may decide that those persons shall be considered as entitled to attend meetings or attend meetings and vote thereat that, at a record date then to be set, have these rights and had their names recorded in a register designated by the Board of Management for that purpose, regardless of who would have been entitled, at the time of the General Meeting of Shareholders, to attend the meeting, or attend the meeting and vote thereat, if a record date as contemplated in this paragraph had not been set. The convening notice for the meeting shall both state the record date and the manner in which the persons entitled to attend the meeting, or attend the meeting and vote thereat, may have their
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names registered and exercise their rights. These provisions shall apply notwithstanding the provisions of the second and third paragraphs of this article.
The person entitled to attend shareholders meetings who wishes to be represented at the General Meeting of Shareholders by a proxy duly authorized in writing shall present the proxy statement, or cause it to be presented, at the place specified in the convening notice not later than on the date named therein.
Any disputes on the question whether a person entitled to attend shareholders meetings or a proxy has furnished sufficient proof of his identity to be allowed to attend the General Meeting of Shareholders and exercise the right to vote, and on all other issues connected with the correct procedure at the meeting, shall be decided by the chairman of that meeting. The chairman shall decide on admission to the meeting of persons other than those entitled under article 47 of the Articles.
For the purpose of article 47 of the Articles, the Company has the right to go by the account of the keepers of registers as referred to in this article or in the convening notice or notices, and by the account of agencies or banks involved in ascertaining who is entitled to attend the meeting or attend the meeting and vote thereat.
General Meetings of Shareholders are presided over by the Chairman of the Supervisory Board or, in his absence, by one of the Deputy Chairmen or, if all Deputy Chairmen are absent, by one of the other members of the Supervisory Board. If no member of the Supervisory Board is present, the meeting shall choose a chairman.
The annual General Meeting
of Shareholders shall be held each year not later than June 30. The agenda for
this meeting shall at least comprise the following items:
(a) consideration of
the written annual report of the Board of Management on the Company's business
and the Boards conduct thereof;
(b) adoption
of the annual financial statements and–
with due observance of article 43 of the Articles – the allocation of
profit.
These items need not be included in the agenda if an extension has been granted of the term for the preparation of the annual financial statements and the submission of the annual report, or if a proposal for such an extension is part of the agenda.
Age-Limit Requirements
Any person aged 70 or more shall not be eligible for appointment to the Supervisory Board. In accordance with a rotation schedule to be established by the Supervisory Board, at the annual General Meeting of Shareholders at least one-fourth of the total number of members shall step down, including any member of the Supervisory Board who since the previous annual General Meeting of Shareholders has attained the age of 70.
Dividends
Subject to the provisions of the Dutch Civil Code, with the approval of the Supervisory Board, the Board of Management may make a payment of an interim dividend if the profits so permit. The profits are allocated first to the preferred shares in the manner described in Article 43 of the Articles of Association. The Board of Management may then determine, with the approval of the Supervisory Board, the portion of the profits that should be added to capital reserves. The remaining profits, if any, are distributed to the priority shares (up to EUR 24 per share) and then equally to the common shares, all in conformity with Article 43 of the
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Articles of Association. Article 105 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code provides that distribution of profits to shareholders may be made only to the extent that shareholders equity exceeds the sum of the amount of the paid and the called up part of the capital and the reserves which must be maintained under the law or Articles of Association. Under Dutch law, a company may make interim distributions if it demonstrates that it has fulfilled the above requirement by providing an interim statement of assets and liabilities on a date no earlier than the first day of the third month preceding the month in which the resolution to make a distribution is published.
Liquidation
Rights Upon liquidation of the Company, the assets remaining after payment of all debts and of the liquidation costs will be distributed as follows: |
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- | first to the holders of preferred shares in the amount of the par value of his shares plus the excess over par paid at the time of issue, in addition to the amount of any shortfall in distributions as described in Article 43 of the Articles of Association plus a prorated amount of the annual distribution calculated in the manner described in paragraph (iii) of Article 58 of the Articles of Association; |
- | next, to the extent possible, the holders of priority shares will receive the aggregate par value amount of their shares; |
- | next, the holders of common shares will be repaid the par value of their shares; and. |
- | next, accrued and unpaid dividends, if any, shall be paid on the priority shares |
Any balance remaining thereafter shall be distributed among the holders of common shares, pro rata to the number of shares held by each of them. |
Preemptive Rights
The Company may only issue authorized shares in accordance with a proposal of the Board of Management and only after the General Meeting of Shareholders has adopted a resolution to issue such shares or granted to the Board of Management a general empowerment of a duration not greater than five years to issue such shares. Such a resolution or empowerment is valid only if it has been approved by every group of holders of shares of the same class whose rights the issue will adversely affect. The Company may not issue shares without the approval of the Supervisory Board. Generally, subject to certain limitations and qualifications, Article 96 (a) of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code provides each shareholder a preemptive right to acquire any issue of shares pro rata to the aggregate amount of his shares. Under the Dutch Civil Code and Article 5 of the Articles of Association, such preemptive rights may be restricted of excluded by a resolution of the General Meeting of Shareholders.
Capital Reduction
The General Meeting of Shareholders may, upon the proposal of the Board of Management which has been duly approved by the Supervisory Board, resolve to reduce the issued capital of the Company by canceling shares or by reducing the par value of shares by means of amendment of the Articles of Association. Partial repayment may be made for all shares or exclusively for common shares, preferred shares or any series of preferred shares.
Amendment of the Articles of Association
On April 21, 2005, the General Meeting of Shareholders decided to amend the Articles of Association. A request has been made to the Dutch Ministry of Justice for the required certificate of no objection to the notarial deed of amendment to the Articles. After this certificate of no objection has been obtained, the civil
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notary will execute the deed of amendment of the Articles and the amended Articles will come into effect. At that point in time, the amended Articles will be furnished on Form 6-K.
The amendments to the Articles are based on the introduction of the Dutch Corporate Governance Code (the“Code”), on December 9, 2003 and the Act that came into force on October 1, 2004, including changes to Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code with respect to companies limited by shares (naamloze vennootschappen).
The main elements of the amendment of the Articles are:
Approval of Important
Resolutions of the Board of Management by the General Meeting of Shareholders
In line with the Code
and the changes in the Dutch Civil Code mentioned above, the Articles will
include a provision stating that resolutions of the Board of Management with
regard to an important change in the identity or character of the Company or
the enterprise shall be subject to the approval of the General Meeting of Shareholders
Nomination Procedure
for the Board of Management and Supervisory Board
Currently, the meeting of
holders of priority shares has the right to make binding nominations for the
appointment of members of the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board.
The priority shares are held by the Akzo Nobel Foundation. The Board of the
Akzo Nobel Foundation consists of the members of the Board of Management and
the Supervisory Board. Due to a grandfathering provision of the legislator at
the time, these nominations cannot be cancelled by the General Meeting of Shareholders.
According to the Codes recommendation (provision IV.1.1), the general meeting of shareholders should be able to pass a resolution to cancel the binding nature of a nomination for the appointment of the members of the Supervisory Board or of the Board of Management. The Company subscribes to the Code's principle in general and therefore additional provisions relating to the nomination procedures are included in the amendment of the Articles. In the amendment of the Articles, an additional nomination procedure will be introduced (see articles 25 and 32 of the proposal). The provisions entail that in normal circumstances the members of the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board will be appointed on the basis of a nonbinding nomination by the Supervisory Board. The Board of the Akzo Nobel Foundation has confirmed its intention to use its binding nomination rights only in case of exceptional circumstances, such as in the event of a (threatened) hostile takeover.
Although a deviation from provision IV.1.1. of the Code, the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board believe these provisions will enhance the Company's corporate governance. In this context, it is noted that the Board of the Foundation will in future only consist of those Members of the Supervisory Board that are not at the same time members of the Audit Committee.
Members of the Board
of Management appointed for Four-Year Periods
In line with the Code, in
the amendment of the Articles, members of the Board of Management will be proposed
for a maximum period of four years, provided however that the term of office
shall lapse in the fourth year after the appointment, at the end of the month
in which the annual General Meeting of Shareholders is held. Reappointment is
possible.
Adoption of Remuneration
Policy by the General Meeting of Shareholders
In line with the Code and
the changes to the Dutch Civil Code mentioned above, the Articles will include
that the General Meeting of Shareholders adopts the remuneration policy for
the Board of Management,
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upon a proposal of the Supervisory Board. The remuneration of members of the Board of Management will, with due observance of this policy, be determined by the Supervisory Board. A proposal regarding the arrangements for the remuneration of the Board of Management in the form of shares or rights to acquire shares shall need the approval of the General Meeting of Shareholders.
Discharge
and indemnification of members of the Board of Management and Supervisory Board
In line with the Code it
is stated in the Articles that the discharge of the members of the Board of
Management and Supervisory Board with respect to the performance of their duties
in the respective financial year will be put on the agenda of the General Meeting
of Shareholders as separate items for the Board of Management and Supervisory
Board, respectively.
It is common knowledge that especially in the United States, the exposure for the directors of companies for liability suits, forcing them to incur significant defense costs, has increased considerably. In light of the fact that Akzo Nobel is listed on NASDAQ in the United States, it is deemed reasonable to protect the directors of the Company from these exposures in a way similar to what is common practice in the United States. In line with international practices the amendment of the Articles includes a provision stating that the members of the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board will be indemnified for various costs and expenses, like the reasonable costs of conducting a defense against claims and damages. There shall be no entitlement to reimbursement if, among other things, the act or failure to act of the person concerned may be characterized as willful (opzettelijk), intentionally reckless (bewust roekeloos) or seriously culpable (ernstig verwijtbaar).
C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS
On October 20, 2003 the Company entered into a contract with Pfizer on asenapine. This contract was filed as Exhibit 4.a. to the Annual Report on Form 20-F 2003, which is incorporated by reference herein. The Company has not entered into other material contracts (other than those entered into in the ordinary course of business) in the past two years. For a description of significant acquisitions and divestments in 2004, 2003 and 2002 reference is made to note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 18 Financial Statements.
D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS
There are no legislative or other legal provisions currently in force in the Netherlands or arising under the Articles of Association restricting remittance to holders of securities of the Company not resident in the Netherlands. Cash dividends payable in euros on the securities of the Company may be officially transferred from the Netherlands and converted into any other convertible currency.
There are no limitations, either by the laws of the Netherlands or in the Articles of Association, which affect the rights of non-resident or foreign owners to hold or vote Akzo Nobel common shares.
E. TAXATION
Netherlands Taxation
The statements
below only represent a broad overview of the present Netherlands tax laws and
the present United States/Netherlands Tax Convention (the Tax Treaty)
applicable to holding and disposing shares of Akzo Nobel, which are both subject
to change, and are not to be read as extending by implication to matters not
specifically referred to herein.
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As to individual tax consequences, each investor in the common shares should consult his own tax advisor. |
Withholding
Tax
In general,
a dividend distributed by a company resident in the Netherlands (such as Akzo
Nobel) is subject to a withholding tax imposed by the Netherlands at a rate
of 25 percent. Stock dividends paid out of the Companys additional paid-in
capital recognized for Netherlands tax purposes are not subject to the above
withholding tax.
Pursuant to the provisions of the Tax Treaty, dividends paid by the Company to a shareholder that is a resident of the United States (as defined in the Tax Treaty), are generally eligible for a reduction in the rate of Netherlands withholding tax to 15 percent unless (I) the beneficial owner of the dividends carries on business in the Netherlands through a permanent establishment, or performs independent personal services in the Netherlands from a fixed base, and the common shares form part of the business property of such permanent establishment or pertain to such fixed base, or (II) the beneficial owner of the dividends is not entitled to the benefits of the Tax Treaty under the treaty-shopping provisions thereof. Dividends paid to qualifying exempt US pension trusts and certain qualifying exempt US organizations are exempt from Netherlands withholding tax under the Tax Treaty.
Capital
Gains
Capital gains
realized upon the sale or exchange of common shares by a non-resident individual
or by a non-resident corporation of the Netherlands are exempt from Netherlands
income tax, corporation tax or withholding tax, unless (I) such gains are effectively
connected with a permanent establishment in the Netherlands of the shareholders
trade or business or (II) are derived from a direct, indirect or deemed substantial
holding of common shares of such company (such substantial holding not being
a business asset).
In general, an individual has a substantial holding if he holds either directly or indirectly and either independently or jointly with his spouse, at least 5 percent of the nominal paid-up capital of any class of shares in a company.
Under the Tax Treaty, however, the Netherlands may tax a capital gain derived from a substantial holding only if the alienator has been a resident of the Netherlands at any time during the five-year period preceding the alienation and at the time of the alienation owns, either alone or together with family-related individuals, at least 25 percent of any class of shares of such company.
Estate
and Gift Taxes
No estate,
inheritance or gift taxes are imposed by the Netherlands on the transfer of
common shares if, at the time of the death of the shareholder or the transfer
of the common shares (as the case may be), such shareholder or transferor is
not a resident of the Netherlands, unless such common shares are attributable
to a permanent establishment or permanent representative of the shareholder
in the Netherlands.
Inheritance or gift taxes (as the case may be) are due, however, if such shareholder or transferor: |
|
(a) | has Netherlands nationality and has been a resident of the Netherlands at any time during the ten years preceding the time of the death or transfer, or |
(b) | has no Netherlands nationality but has been a resident of the Netherlands at any time during the twelve months preceding the time of transfer (for Netherlands gift taxes only). |
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United States Taxation
This section describes
the material United States federal income tax consequences of owning shares
or ADSs. It applies to you only if you hold your shares or ADSs as capital assets
for tax purposes. This section does not apply to you in all respects if you
are a member of a special class of holders subject to special rules, including:
- | a dealer in securities, |
- | a trader in securities that elects to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for your securities holdings, |
- | a tax-exempt organization, |
- | a life insurance company, |
- | a person that actually or constructively owns 10 percent or more of the voting stock of Akzo Nobel, or |
- | a person that holds shares or ADSs as part of a straddle or a hedging or conversion transaction. |
This section is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations, published rulings and court decisions, all as currently in effect, as well as on the income tax treaty between the United States of America and the Netherlands (the “Tax Treaty”). These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. In addition, this section is based in part upon the representations of the Depositary and the assumption that each obligation in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms.
You are a U.S. holder if you are a beneficial owner of shares or ADSs, and you are: |
|
- | a domestic corporation, |
- | a citizen or resident of the United States, |
- | an estate whose income is subject to United States federal income tax regardless of its source, or |
- | a trust if a United States court can exercise primary supervision over the trusts administration and one or more United States persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust. |
You should consult your own tax advisor regarding the United States federal, state and local, and Dutch and other tax consequences of owning and disposing of shares and ADSs in your particular circumstances. |
In general, and taking into account the earlier assumptions, for United States federal income tax purposes, if you hold ADRs evidencing ADSs, you will be treated as the owner of the shares represented by those ADSs. Exchanges of shares for ADSs, and ADSs for shares generally will not be subject to United States federal income tax.
Taxation of
Dividends
Under the United States federal income tax laws,
if you are a U.S. holder, you must include in your gross income the gross amount
of any dividend paid by Akzo Nobel out of its current or accumulated earnings
and profits (as determined for United States federal income tax purposes). You
must include any Netherlands tax withheld from the dividend payment in this
gross amount even though you do not in fact receive it. The dividend is taxable
income that you must include in income when you, in the case of shares, or the
Depositary, in the case of ADSs, receive the dividend, actually or constructively.
If you are a noncorporate U.S. holder, dividends paid to you in taxable years
beginning after December 31, 2002 and before January 1, 2009 that constitute
qualified dividend income will be taxable to you at a maximum rate of 15 percent
provided that you hold the shares or ADSs for more than 60 days during the 121-day
period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date and meet other holding
period requirements. Dividends
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paid by Akzo Nobel with respect to the shares or ADSs generally will be qualified dividend income. The dividend will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to United States corporations in respect of dividends received from other United States corporations. The amount of the dividend distribution that you must include in your income as a U.S. holder will be the U.S. dollar value of the Euro payments made, determined at the spot euro/ U.S. dollar rate on the date the dividend distribution is includible in your income, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. Generally, any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date you include the dividend payment in income to the date you convert the payment into U.S. dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss and will not be eligible for the special tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income. The gain or loss generally will be income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for United States federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of your basis in the shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. Subject to certain limitations,
the Netherlands tax withheld in accordance with the Tax Treaty and paid over
to the Netherlands will be creditable against your United States federal income
tax liability. Under a provision of the Netherlands dividend tax act Akzo Nobel
will apply a credit against the amount of the dividend tax withheld before remittance
to the Netherlands tax authorities. This credit is the lesser of:
• | 3 percent of the part of the gross dividend from which dividend tax is withheld, and |
• | 3 percent of the gross amount of dividends received from qualifying non-Netherlands subsidiaries. |
Dividends will be income from sources outside the United States, but generally will be "passive income" or "financial services income" which is treated separately from other types of income for purposes of computing the foreign tax credit allowable to you.
Taxation of Capital
Gains
If you are a U.S. holder
and you sell or otherwise dispose of your shares or ADSs, you will recognize
capital gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes equal to
the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount that you realize
and your tax basis, determined in U.S. dollars, in your shares or ADSs. Capital
gain of a noncorporate U.S. holder that is recognized on or after May 6, 2003
and before January 1, 2009, is generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15 percent
where the holder has a holding period greater than one year. Capital losses
may generally offset only capital gains. The gain or loss will generally be
income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit
limitation purposes.
F. | DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS |
Not applicable.
G. | STATEMENT BY EXPERTS |
Not applicable.
119
H. | DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY |
The documents that are exhibits to or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report can be read at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commissions public reference facilities at room 1024, 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms and their copy charges. The Companys filings since November 4, 2002, are also publicly available through the SECs website located at http://www.sec.gov.
Item 11. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
Foreign Currency Exchange
Risk Management
Akzo Nobel has operations
in more than 80 countries and, as a result, is exposed to changes in foreign
currency exchange rates. The Company manages most of these exposures on a consolidated
basis, which allows netting certain exposures to take advantage of any natural
offsets. To the extent the Company enters into forward exchange contracts to
hedge transaction exposures, these principally arise with respect to assets
and liabilities or firm commitments related to sales and purchases. The purpose
of Akzo Nobel's foreign currency hedging activities is to protect the Company
from the risk that the eventual functional currency net cash flows resulting
from trade transactions would be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates.
120
At December 31, 2004, the following contracts to buy and sell currencies were outstanding, all having maturities within one year:
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Currency | Buy contracts | Sell contracts | Mark to market | Mark to market | ||||
value | value | |||||||
Millions of euros | buy contracts* | sell contracts* | ||||||
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U.S. dollar | 272 | 391 | (27 | ) | 53 | |||
Canadian dollar | 169 | 89 | (3 | ) | (8 | ) | ||
Pound sterling | 307 | 5 | (6 | ) | | |||
Swedish krona | 152 | 128 | 1 | | ||||
Japanese yen | 2 | 122 | | 1 | ||||
Swiss franc | 53 | 31 | | | ||||
Australian dollar | 15 | 32 | | | ||||
Norwegian krone | 60 | 19 | | | ||||
Danish krone | 5 | 5 | | | ||||
Singapore dollar | 8 | 20 | | | ||||
Mexican pesos | 1 | 21 | | | ||||
Other | 25 | 38 | (2 | ) | 3 | |||
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Total | 1,069 | 901 | (37 | ) | 49 | |||
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* Asset/(Liability) |
The table below summarizes information on instruments and transactions that are sensitive to foreign currency exchange rates. For debt obligations, the table presents principal cash flows and related weighted average interest rates by expected maturity dates.
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Financial Instruments (Balance Sheet) | ||||||||||||||||
Expected maturity date | ||||||||||||||||
Millions of euros | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | Thereafter | Total |
Fair value |
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Long-term borrowings (USD) | 75 | 14 | 105 | 194 | 208 | |||||||||||
Average interest rate % | 6.44 | 6.28 | 6.54 | 6.48 | ||||||||||||
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The Company does not use financial instruments to hedge the translation risk related to equity and earnings of foreign subsidiaries and nonconsolidated companies.
Interest Rate Risk Management
In principle, the Company
manages interest rate risk by financing noncurrent assets and a certain portion
of current assets with equity, long-term liabilities and long-term borrowings
with fixed interest rates. The remainder of current assets is financed with
short-term liabilities, including floating rate short-term borrowings. In line
with this policy, a number of interest rate swap contracts have been entered
into.
121
The table below provides information about the Companys financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. For debt obligations the table presents principal cash flows and related weighted average interest rates by expected maturity dates. For interest rate swaps, the table presents notional amounts and weighted average interest rates by expected maturity dates.
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Expected maturity date | ||||||||||||||||
Millions of euros | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | Thereafter | Total | Fair value | ||||||||
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Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||
Long term borrowings | ||||||||||||||||
Fixed Rate (EUR) | ||||||||||||||||
Bond loan 95/05 | 227 | 227 | 235 | |||||||||||||
Average interest rate % | 7.00 | 7.00 | ||||||||||||||
Bond loan 98/08 | 512 | 512 | 550 | |||||||||||||
Average interest rate % | 5.38 | 5.38 | ||||||||||||||
Bond loan 02/09 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,090 | |||||||||||||
Average interest rate % | 5.63 | 5.63 | ||||||||||||||
Bond loan 03/11 | 750 | 750 | 772 | |||||||||||||
Average interest rate % | 4.25 | 4.25 | ||||||||||||||
Fixed Rate (USD) | ||||||||||||||||
Bond loan 07 | 75 | 75 | 80 | |||||||||||||
Average interest rate % | 6.44 | 6.44 | ||||||||||||||
Bond loan 09 | 14 | 14 | 14 | |||||||||||||
Average interest rate % | 6.28 | 6.28 | ||||||||||||||
Bond loan 12 | 105 | 105 | 114 | |||||||||||||
Average interest rate % | 6.54 | 6.54 | ||||||||||||||
Interest rate derivatives | ||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | ||||||||||||||||
Fixed to variable (EUR) | 145 | 145 | 6 | |||||||||||||
Average pay rate | Euribor 3 months | |||||||||||||||
Average receive rate % | 6.325 | 6.325 | ||||||||||||||
Variable to fixed (EUR) | 145 | 145 | (4) | |||||||||||||
Average pay rate | 5.30 | |||||||||||||||
Average receive rate % | 5.30 | Euribor 3 months | ||||||||||||||
Fixed to variable (EUR) | 650 | 650 | 30 | |||||||||||||
Average pay rate | Euribor 3 months | |||||||||||||||
Average receive rate % | 4.25 | 4.25 | ||||||||||||||
Interest rate currency swap | ||||||||||||||||
Fixed (EUR) to Variable (USD) | 500 | 500 | 237 | |||||||||||||
Average pay rate | Libor 3 months | |||||||||||||||
Average receive rate % | 5.625 | 5.625 | ||||||||||||||
Forward rate agreements | | |||||||||||||||
Fixed interest in a range from 2.18% to 2.46% for a volume of USD 300 million (maturity 2005). |
Commodities
In order to hedge the price risk of natural gas, the Company has entered into swap contracts for the underlying fuels, with an average volume of 32,000 ton coal, 30,000 barrels of crude oil and 12,000 ton heavy fuel oil for the period January through October 2005, whereby the price is fixed. The Company also
122
concluded futures contracts for the purchase of 1.0 million m3 of gas, reasonably spread over the period January through June 2005.
The fair value of such contracts is as follows:
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Millions of euros; asset | Fair value | |
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Petroleum swaps | | |
Gas futures | | |
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Item 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
None.
Item 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
Item 15. DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Akzo Nobel has a Disclosure Committee which monitors procedures established by the Company and advises the Board of Management to ensure adequate and timely disclosure of financial and nonfinancial information.
Under the supervision and with the participation of the Companys management, including the Companys Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level.
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and the Board of Management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.
123
There were no significant changes in the Companys internal controls over financial reporting during the period covered by this Annual Report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Companys internal controls over financial reporting.
Item 16.A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
The Supervisory Board has determined, that its member Dr. Lars Thunell is an Audit Committee Financial Expert as defined in Item 16A of Form 20-F.
The Company recognizes that its businesses have responsibilities within the communities in which they operate. The Company has a Financial Code of Ethics which applies to the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Senior Vice President Finance, the Director Corporate Control, the Director Corporate Tax, the Director Corporate Internal Audit, the Group Controllers, the Business Unit Controllers, the country controllers, and certain other senior financial officers specifically designated for the purpose.
The Company has published its Financial Code of Ethics on its website (www.akzonobel.com).
No changes have been made to the Financial Code of Ethics since its adoption and no waivers have been granted therefrom to the officers mentioned above.
Akzo Nobel is subject to the Corporate Governance Code 2004 of The Netherlands and the Corporate Governance Rules of NASDAQ, both of which require that the Company has a code of conduct. The Companys Business Principles, which apply to all employees including the members of the Board of Management, complies with the Corporate Governance Code of the Netherlands and serves as the code of conduct for the purpose of the Corporate Governance Rules of NASDAQ. The Company has established several procedures to arrange for dissemination of the Business Principles and training company-wide. It also has established procedures to monitor compliance with the Business Principles in general and certain of its provisions in particular and to provide for enforcement of the Business Principles.
Item 16.C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEE AND SERVICES
The external auditor is appointed by the General Meeting of Shareholders on the proposal of the Supervisory Board. The appointment is for an indefinite period of time with a review every three years by the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee advises the Supervisory Board, which will communicate the results of this assessment to the General Meeting of Shareholders. The lead auditor in charge of the Akzo Nobel account will be changed every five years.
The Audit Committee has been granted direct responsibility for compensation and oversight of the auditors and the services they provide to the Company. The Committee formally evaluates the independence of the external auditor and preapproves the fees for all audit, audit-related, and permitted nonaudit services rendered by the external auditor. The external auditors are prohibited from providing certain non-audit services to the Company. In order to anchor this in the procedures of the Company, the Audit Committee adopted the Akzo Nobel Auditors Independence Policy and the related Akzo Nobel Audit Committee Preapproval Policy on Audit, Audit-Related, and Nonaudit Services. The Audit Committee has adopted a policy on auditor independence which governs the external auditors
124
appointment, rotation, responsibilities, services rendered, compensation, and oversight. These policies can be found on the Companys website (www.akzonobel.com).
The aggregate fees billed by KPMG for professional services rendered for the years 2004 and 2003 were as follows:
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Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | ||
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Audit fees | 7.8 | 7.8 | ||
Audit-related fees | 2.8 | 3.0 | ||
Tax fees | 2.5 | 3.2 | ||
Other fees | 0.5 | 0.1 | ||
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Total | 13.6 | 14.1 | ||
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Audit fees consist of fees for the examination and audit of both the consolidated financial statements and statutory financial statements of certain subsidiaries of Akzo Nobel N.V. Audit-related fees primarily consist of fees in connection with audits of acquisitions and divestments and accounting consultations. Tax fees mainly relate to tax compliance and expatriate tax services. Other fees mainly comprise IT review and other permitted consultancy services.
All services rendered by KPMG have been approved by the Audit Committee.
Item 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
During 2004, no Akzo Nobel N.V. common shares were repurchased.
PART III
Akzo Nobel has responded to Item 18.
125
Item 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | |||
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | Page | ||
Report of independent auditors | 126 | ||
Financial Statements: | |||
- | Summary of significant accounting policies used in preparing the consolidated financial statements | 127 | |
- | Consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2004 and 2003 | 132 | |
- | Consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 | 133 | |
- | Consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002 | 134 | |
- | Notes to the consolidated financial statements | 135 | |
FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE1 | |||
II | Valuation and qualifying accounts | 181 |
1 | Schedules other than the one listed under this heading are omitted for the reason that they are not required or are not applicable. |
126
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Management of Akzo Nobel N.V. and Supervisory Board:
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Akzo Nobel N.V. and subsidiaries as listed in the accompanying index. In connection with our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we have also audited the financial statement schedule as listed in the accompanying index. These consolidated financial statements and the financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and the financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States of America). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Akzo Nobel N.V. and subsidiaries at December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2004, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the Netherlands. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
Accounting principles generally accepted in the Netherlands vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Information relating to the nature and effect of such differences is presented in Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements.
Arnhem, the Netherlands | |
February 3, 2005 | KPMG Accountants N.V. |
127
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES USED IN PREPARING THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
General
The consolidated financial statements of Akzo Nobel N.V. (Akzo Nobel) and subsidiaries have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the Netherlands (NL GAAP), which differ in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP). See Note 22 for a description of the differences between NL GAAP and US GAAP affecting Akzo Nobel's net income and shareholders' equity.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Akzo Nobel N.V. and its subsidiaries. Subsidiaries are companies of which Akzo Nobel directly and/or indirectly has control. All of the assets, liabilities, and results of the consolidated companies are included. Minority interest in equity and earnings is shown separately. Transactions between consolidated companies are eliminated.
Valuation
The principles of valuation and determination of income used in the consolidated financial statements are based on historical costs.
Translation of Foreign Currencies
In the balance sheet, amounts in foreign currencies are translated into euros at year-end exchange rates. Foreign exchange differences are included in income. Results on currency hedging contracts are also recognized in income to offset the foreign exchange differences on the related hedged items. Exchange differences on anticipatory hedges of firm commitments regarding sales and purchases are deferred on the balance sheet until the hedged transactions have been reflected in the accounts. The capitalized or accrued amount is included in receivables or current liabilities.
Statements of income in foreign currencies are translated into euros at average exchange rates.
Foreign exchange differences resulting from translation into euros of shareholders equities and of intercompany loans of a permanent nature with respect to subsidiaries outside the euro region are directly added to, or deducted from, equity.
Before being consolidated, the financial statements of subsidiaries established in hyperinflationary countries are adjusted for the effects of changing prices.
128
Principles of Valuation of Assets and Liabilities
Intangible Assets
Purchased
goodwill is capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated
useful life. In the majority of cases, economic life exceeds the rebuttable
legal maximum of 5 years because benefits are expected to be generated over
this longer period. Goodwill is determined as the difference between the fair
value of the consideration paid for new interests and the fair value of the
purchased net assets at the date of acquisition.
Development costs are capitalized if it is probable that sufficient future economic benefits will be generated by the intangible asset arising from development, and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life, which in the majority of cases is 5 years.
Other intangible assets, such as licenses, know-how, and intellectual property rights, are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life, which in the majority of cases is 10 to 15 years.
Property, Plant and
Equipment
Property,
plant and equipment are valued at cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost includes
the financing charges of capital investment projects under construction. Capital
investment grants are deducted from property, plant and equipment.
Depreciation is computed by the straight-line method based on estimated useful life, which in the majority of cases is 10 years for plant equipment and machinery, and which ranges from 20 to 30 years for buildings.
Impairment of Intangible
Assets and Property, Plant and Equipment
Intangible
assets and property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset
may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset is measured by a comparison
of the carrying amount of the asset with discounted value of the future net
cash flows expected to be generated by the asset, either directly or indirectly.
If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds this discounted cash flow value,
an impairment charge for this excess is recognized.
Financial Noncurrent
Assets
Interests
in companies where Akzo Nobel can exercise significant influence are treated
as nonconsolidated companies and are stated at the amount of Akzo Nobels
share in shareholders equity. The calculation of shareholders equity
is based as much as possible on the Akzo Nobel principles of valuation.
Loans to nonconsolidated companies are carried at face value less such provisions as are considered necessary.
For the valuation of deferred tax assets reference is made to Deferred Taxes.
Other financial noncurrent assets are stated at face value, at cost, or at lower market value. For pension prepayments reference is made to Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits.
129
Inventories
Inventories
are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of inventories
comprise all costs of manufacturing purchase, costs of conversion and other
costs incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition.
The costs of conversion of inventories include direct labor and fixed and variable
production overheads and takes into account the stage of completion. The costs
of inventories are determined using the first-in first-out (FIFO) method. Provisions
are made for obsolescence.
Receivables
Receivables
are stated at face amounts less such provisions as are considered necessary.
Management decides upon such allowance after an assessment of the creditworthiness
based on external and internal sources of information and the specific circumstances
for the debtor. This assessment also takes into account certain somewhat more
general circumstances such as serious adverse economic conditions in a specific
country or region.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash
equivalents are carried at face value, with the exception of marketable private
borrowings and marketable securities, which are valued at the lower of cost
or market value.
Long-term Liabilities
Provisions
are recorded when it is probable that a liability has materialized, and the
amount involved is reasonably estimable. Provisions are stated at face value,
except for certain long-term provisions, which have been discounted against
present long-term interest rates.
Pensions and Other
Postretirement Benefits
The Company accounts
for the costs of pension plans and postretirement benefits other than pensions
in accordance with U.S. accounting standards SFAS 87 and SFAS 106, respectively.
Most of the Companys defined-benefit pension plans are funded with plan assets that have been segregated in a trust or foundation. For plans, which are not separately funded, the Company recognizes a provision for such amounts. Valuations of both funded and unfunded plans are carried out by independent actuaries. Pension costs primarily represent the increase in the actuarial present value of the obligation for projected pension benefits based on employee service during the year and the interest on this obligation in respect of employee service in previous years, net of the expected return on plan assets. In the event, however, that at any date the accumulated benefit obligation, calculated as the present value of the benefits attributed to employee service rendered prior to that date and based on current and past compensation levels, would be higher than the market value of the plan assets and/or the existing level of the pension provision, the difference is, pursuant to SFAS 87, added to provisions by means of recognition of an intangible asset for prior service costs with the balance, net of taxes, being charged to shareholders equity.
In certain countries the Company also provides postretirement benefits other than pensions to its employees. These plans are generally not funded. Valuations of the obligations under these plans are carried out by independent actuaries. The costs relating to such plans primarily consist of the present value of the benefits attributed on an equal basis to each year of service and the interest on this obligation in respect of employee service in previous years.
Deferred Taxes
Deferred tax
assets and liabilities are based on timing differences between the valuation
of assets and liabilities for accounting purposes and the valuation for tax
purposes. Measurement of deferred tax assets
130
and liabilities are based on timing differences between the valuation of assets and liabilities for accounting purposes and the valuation for tax purposes. Measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities is based upon the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those timing differences are expected to be reversed. Deferred tax assets, including assets arising from losses carried forward, are recognized if it is more likely than not that the asset will be realized. Nonrefundable dividend taxes are taken into account in the determination of provisions for deferred taxes to the extent of earnings expected to be distributed by affiliated companies.
Stock-Based Compensation
The costs for the performance
share plan for the Board of Management and the Employee Share Plan, whereby
Akzo Nobel N.V. common shares are conditionally granted to Board members and
employees, are expensed over the vesting period, effective for the rights granted
from 2002 onwards.
Long-Term Borrowings
and Short-Term Debt
Long-term borrowings and short-term
debt are stated at face value.
Principles of Determination of Income
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue
when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the
sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured.
For most of the Companys products, these criteria are generally met at
the time the product is shipped and delivered to the customers and, depending
on the delivery conditions, title and risk have passed to the customer and acceptance
of the product, when contractually required, has been obtained, or, in cases
where such acceptance is not required, when management has established that
all aforementioned conditions for revenue recognition have been met and no further
post-shipment obligations exist. Examples of the abovementioned delivery conditions
are Free on Board point of delivery and Costs Insurance Paid
point of delivery, where the point of delivery may be the shipping warehouse
or any other point of destination as agreed in the contract with the customer.
Revenues are recorded net of sales taxes, customer discounts, rebates and similar charges. For products for which a right of return exists during a defined period, revenue recognition is determined based on the historical pattern of actual returns. Return policies are typically in conformity with customary return arrangements in local markets.
Service revenue is recognized as services are rendered.
Provision for estimated contract losses, if any, is made as soon as such losses are foreseen.
131
Other Principles Observed
in Preparation of Statement of Income
The determination of income
is closely associated with the valuation of assets and liabilities. In addition,
the following principles are observed in the preparation of the statement of
income:
• | Cost of sales comprises the manufacturing costs of the goods and services sold and delivered, and any inventory write-downs to lower net realizable value. Manufacturing costs include such items as: | |
| the costs of raw materials and supplies, energy, and other materials; | |
| depreciation and the costs of maintenance of the assets used in production; | |
| salaries, wages, and social charges for the personnel involved in manufacturing; | |
| amortization of goodwill. | |
• | Research costs and preparation and start-up expenses are charged to income as incurred. | |
• | Royalty income is recognized on an accrual basis under Other Results. | |
• | Restructuring and impairment charges, significant results on divestments, and costs of major law suits and antitrust cases are disclosed separately to enhance the insight into the underlying result for the period. This lay-out of the statement of income better reflects the underlying trends in the results of the activities. | |
• | Interest on interest swaps and forward rate agreements is included in the statement of income under Financing Charges. | |
• | Taxes on income comprise both current and deferred taxes, including effects of changes in tax rates. | |
• | Income from nonconsolidated companies consists of Akzo Nobels equity in earnings of these companies and interest on loans granted to them, with due allowance being made for taxes relating to these items. |
Earnings per Share
Earnings per common share are calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year, which are as follows:
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2004 | 2003 | 2002 | ||||
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Shares for basic earnings per share | 285,745,587 | 285,691,957 | 285,827,092 | |||
Effect of dilutive securities | 660,310 | 721,016 | 504,113 | |||
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Shares for diluted earnings per share | 286,405,897 | 286,412,973 | 286,331,205 | |||
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132
AKZO NOBEL | ||||
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS | ||||
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Before allocation of profit | December 31, | |||
Millions of euros, except per share amounts | 2004 | 2003 | ||
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Assets | ||||
Current assets | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 3) | 1,811 | 727 | ||
Receivables (Note 4) | 2,616 | 2,533 | ||
Accounts receivable from nonconsolidated companies | 33 | 32 | ||
Inventories (Note 5) | 1,978 | 2,133 | ||
Prepaid expenses | 118 | 106 | ||
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Total current assets | 6,556 | 5,531 | ||
Intangible assets (Note 6) | 561 | 590 | ||
Property, plant and equipment, net (Note 7) | 3,535 | 3,967 | ||
Nonconsolidated companies (Note 8) | 318 | 353 | ||
Deferred tax assets (Note 20) | 351 | 429 | ||
Deferred tax assets for minimum pension liability | 354 | 361 | ||
Other assets | 730 | 723 | ||
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Total assets | 12,405 | 11,954 | ||
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Liabilities and shareholders equity | ||||
Short-term liabilities | ||||
Short-term borrowings (Note 9) | 258 | 441 | ||
Current liabilities (Note 10) | 3,056 | 2,843 | ||
Payables to nonconsolidated companies | 2 | 4 | ||
Current portion of long-term borrowings (Note 11) | 302 | 40 | ||
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Total short-term liabilities | 3,618 | 3,328 | ||
Long-term borrowings (Note 11) | 2,392 | 2,677 | ||
Long-term liabilities (Note 12) | 3,219 | 3,307 | ||
Minority interest | 140 | 140 | ||
Shareholders equity (Note 13) | ||||
Priority shares: | ||||
48 shares authorized and outstanding of EUR 400 per share | | | ||
Common shares: | ||||
Authorized 600,000,000 shares of EUR 2 per share | ||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2004: 286,147,260 shares | 572 | |||
Outstanding at December 31, 2003: 286,147,260 shares | 572 | |||
Additional paid-in capital | 1,803 | 1,803 | ||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (1,070) | (1,045) | ||
Other reserves | 1,635 | 1,395 | ||
Undistributed profits | 770 | 516 | ||
Statutory reserves | 85 | 85 | ||
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Capital and reserves | 3,795 | 3,326 | ||
Minimum pension liability | (759) | (824) | ||
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Total shareholders equity | 3,036 | 2,502 | ||
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|||
Total liabilities and shareholders equity | 12,405 | 11,954 | ||
|
|
See accounting policies and accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
133
AKZO NOBEL
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
|
||||||
for the years ended December 31, | ||||||
Millions of euros, except per share amounts | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||
|
||||||
Net sales | 12,688 | 13,051 | 14,002 | |||
Cost of sales | (6,851 | ) | (6,933 | ) | (7,301 | ) |
|
|
|
||||
Gross margin | 5,837 | 6,118 | 6,701 | |||
Selling expenses | (3,255 | ) | (3,317 | ) | (3,549 | ) |
Research and | ||||||
development expenses | (823 | ) | (887 | ) | (912 | ) |
General and | ||||||
administrative expenses | (676 | ) | (742 | ) | (801 | ) |
Restructuring and impairment | ||||||
charges (Note 16) | (199 | ) | (308 | ) | (236 | ) |
Antitrust and Remeron® court | ||||||
cases (Note 14) | (199 | ) | ||||
Gains on divestments (Note 17) | 509 | 25 | 91 | |||
Other results, net (Note 18) | 106 | 175 | 68 | |||
|
|
|
||||
Operating income | 1,300 | 1,064 | 1,362 | |||
Interest income | 19 | 18 | 15 | |||
Interest expense | (142 | ) | (184 | ) | (219 | ) |
|
|
|
||||
Financing charges, | ||||||
net (Note 19) | (123 | ) | (166 | ) | (204 | ) |
|
|
|
||||
Operating income less net financing charges | 1,177 | 898 | 1,158 | |||
Income taxes (Note 20) | (298 | ) | (254 | ) | (335 | ) |
|
|
|
||||
Earnings of consolidated companies less income taxes | 879 | 644 | 823 | |||
Earnings from nonconsolidated companies (Note 8) | 12 | 7 | 30 | |||
|
|
|
||||
Earnings before minority interest | 891 | 651 | 853 | |||
Minority interest | (35 | ) | (49 | ) | (35 | ) |
|
|
|
||||
Net income | 856 | 602 | 818 | |||
|
|
|
||||
Basic earnings per share | 3.00 | 2.11 | 2.86 | |||
|
|
|
||||
Diluted earnings per share | 2.99 | 2.10 | 2.86 | |||
|
|
|
See accounting policies and accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
134
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
|
||||||||||||
For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||||||
Net income | 856 | 602 | 818 | |||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash | ||||||||||||
provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||
Minority interest | 35 | 49 | 35 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization, including write- | ||||||||||||
downs | 667 | 790 | 791 | |||||||||
Book gains on divestments | (509 | ) | (30 | ) | (94 | ) | ||||||
Nonconsolidated companies (net of dividends | ||||||||||||
received) | 71 | 3 | 42 | |||||||||
Changes in deferred tax, pensions and other | ||||||||||||
long-term liabilities | (1 | ) | 116 | (172 | ) | |||||||
Changes in working capital net of effect of | ||||||||||||
acquisitions and disposals: | ||||||||||||
Receivables and prepaid expenses | (169 | ) | (71 | ) | 172 | |||||||
Inventories | (23 | ) | (105 | ) | (102 | ) | ||||||
Current liabilities exclusive of dividends, | ||||||||||||
borrowings and current portion of long-term | ||||||||||||
liabilities | 348 | 57 | 47 | |||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||
156 | (119 | ) | 117 | |||||||||
Other | (2 | ) | (14 | ) | 11 | |||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,273 | 1,397 | 1,548 | |||||||||
Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||||||
Purchase of intangible assets | (28 | ) | (27 | ) | (19 | ) | ||||||
Expenditures for property, plant and equipment | (551 | ) | (581 | ) | (689 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and | ||||||||||||
equipment | 47 | 56 | 14 | |||||||||
Investments in nonconsolidated companies and | ||||||||||||
repayment of loans by nonconsolidated companies | (29 | ) | 78 | (11 | ) | |||||||
Acquisition of consolidated interests, net of cash | ||||||||||||
acquired | (80 | ) | (101 | ) | (257 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from sale of interests | 989 | 147 | 208 | |||||||||
Other | 6 | (23 | ) | (25 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||
Net cash generated by/used in investing activities | 354 | (451 | ) | (779 | ) | |||||||
Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid | (366 | ) | (370 | ) | (363 | ) | ||||||
Purchase of shares | (6 | ) | ||||||||||
Issuance of shares | 4 | |||||||||||
Increase of long-term borrowings | 22 | 782 | 1,044 | |||||||||
Repayment of long-term borrowings | (12 | ) | (635 | ) | (213 | ) | ||||||
Short term borrowings exceeding three months: | ||||||||||||
Increase | 266 | 454 | ||||||||||
Repayment | (396 | ) | (1,389 | ) | ||||||||
Changes in other short-term borrowings | (179 | ) | (359 | ) | (186 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||
Net cash used for by financing activities | (535 | ) | (712 | ) | (655 | ) | ||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (8 | ) | (27 | ) | (49 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||
Increase cash and cash equivalents | 1,084 | 207 | 65 | |||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents: | ||||||||||||
At beginning of year | 727 | 520 | 455 | |||||||||
At end of year | 1,811 | 727 | 520 | |||||||||
For supplemental disclosures
see Note 23.
See accounting policies and accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
135
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
(1) Industry Segment Information and Geographic Data
Akzo Nobel, headquartered in Arnhem, the Netherlands, is a market-driven and technology-based company, serving customers throughout the world with healthcare products, coatings, and chemicals.
(a) Industry Segment Information
The information presented below illustrates the relative importance of the individual groups.
|
||||||||||||
Net sales | Operating income | |||||||||||
Millions of euros | 2004 | 20031 | 20021 | 2004 | 20031 | 20021 | ||||||
|
||||||||||||
Pharma | 3,246 | 3,550 | 4,008 | 398 | 538 | 747 | ||||||
Coatings | 5,249 | 5,160 | 5,444 | 360 | 369 | 424 | ||||||
Chemicals | 4,305 | 4,470 | 4,675 | 762 | 257 | 270 | ||||||
Miscellaneous products, | ||||||||||||
intragroup deliveries, non- | ||||||||||||
allocated items and | ||||||||||||
eliminations | (112 | ) | (129 | ) | (125 | ) | (220 | ) | (100 | ) | (79 | ) |
|
||||||||||||
Total | 12,688 | 13,051 | 14,002 | 1,300 | 1,064 | 1,362 | ||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
Identifiable assets | Capital expenditures | Depreciation | ||||||||||||||||
Millions of euros | 2004 | 20031 | 20021 | 2004 | 20031 | 20021 | 2004 | 20031 | 20021 | |||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
Pharma | 2,999 | 3,153 | 3,195 | 158 | 210 | 297 | 151 | 158 | 152 | |||||||||
Coatings | 3,088 | 3,008 | 3,290 | 122 | 124 | 128 | 119 | 136 | 145 | |||||||||
Chemicals | 2,763 | 3,310 | 3,605 | 269 | 241 | 251 | 260 | 295 | 316 | |||||||||
Miscellaneous products, | ||||||||||||||||||
nonallocated, and | ||||||||||||||||||
eliminations, including | ||||||||||||||||||
cash and cash | ||||||||||||||||||
equivalents | 3,237 | 2,130 | 2,208 | 2 | 6 | 13 | 10 | 10 | 9 | |||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
12,087 | 11,601 | 12,298 | 551 | 581 | 689 | 540 | 599 | 622 | ||||||||||
Nonconsolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
companies | 318 | 353 | 491 | |||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
Total | 12,405 | 11,954 | 12,789 | 551 | 581 | 689 | 540 | 599 | 622 | |||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
1 | 2003 and 2002 figures have been adjusted for a minor regrouping of activities between Coatings and Chemicals. |
136
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
(b) Geographic Data
Below geographic information for Akzo Nobel is presented for net sales, operating income, identifiable assets and expenditures for property, plant and equipment.
Net sales by region of destination |
Net sales by region of origin
|
Operating income |
||||||||||||||||
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||||||||
The Netherlands | 826 | 825 | 816 | 2,624 | 2,546 | 2,662 | 72 | 171 | 179 | |||||||||
Germany | 1,159 | 1,147 | 1,084 | 1,043 | 1,088 | 1,051 | 92 | 73 | 34 | |||||||||
Sweden | 506 | 510 | 517 | 1,152 | 1,102 | 1,184 | 30 | 66 | 95 | |||||||||
United Kingdom | 831 | 840 | 963 | 846 | 798 | 911 | (110 | ) | (118 | ) | (16 | ) | ||||||
Other European | ||||||||||||||||||
countries | 4,012 | 3,963 | 3,951 | 2,918 | 3,100 | 3,016 | 508 | 509 | 591 | |||||||||
USA and Canada | 2,443 | 2,944 | 3,723 | 2,220 | 2,604 | 3,318 | (72) | 94 | 100 | |||||||||
Latin America | 726 | 704 | 767 | 490 | 470 | 506 | 67 | 60 | 96 | |||||||||
Asia | 1,535 | 1,453 | 1,513 | 1,084 | 1,022 | 1,064 | 158 | 125 | 140 | |||||||||
Other regions | 650 | 665 | 668 | 311 | 321 | 290 | 46 | 59 | 52 | |||||||||
Result on divestments | 509 | 25 | 91 | |||||||||||||||
Total | 12,688 | 13,051 | 14,002 | 12,688 | 13,051 | 14,002 | 1,300 | 1,064 | 1,362 | |||||||||
Identifiable assets | Capital expenditures | |||||||||||
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | ||||||
The Netherlands | 2,799 | 2,942 | 2,618 | 189 | 173 | 197 | ||||||
Germany | 823 | 798 | 819 | 23 | 27 | 36 | ||||||
Sweden | 846 | 773 | 798 | 60 | 55 | 36 | ||||||
United Kingdom | 944 | 913 | 1,134 | 29 | 26 | 25 | ||||||
Other European countries | 2,098 | 2,074 | 2,210 | 81 | 110 | 136 | ||||||
USA and Canada | 1,636 | 2,014 | 2,772 | 52 | 81 | 177 | ||||||
Latin America | 454 | 400 | 424 | 61 | 18 | 31 | ||||||
Asia | 835 | 848 | 838 | 47 | 81 | 41 | ||||||
Other regions | 284 | 302 | 306 | 9 | 10 | 10 | ||||||
10,719 | 11,064 | 11,919 | 551 | 581 | 689 | |||||||
Eliminations and cash and cash equivalents | 1,368 | 537 | 379 | |||||||||
Nonconsolidated companies | 318 | 353 | 491 | |||||||||
Total | 12,405 | 11,954 | 12,789 | 551 | 581 | 689 | ||||||
(2) Acquisitions and Dispositions
In September 2003 Akzo Nobel announced its plan to sell Catalysts, Coating Resins, and Phosphorus Chemicals from its Chemicals portfolio. In 2004 these divestments were completed. Effective July 31, 2004, Catalysts and Phosphorus Chemicals were divested for EUR 616 million and EUR 231 million, respectively, resulting in an after-tax gain of EUR 331 million and EUR 68 million, respectively. In December 2004, Coating Resins was divested for EUR 110 million, resulting in an after-tax gain of EUR 31 million.
137
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
In July 2004, the German decorative paint wholesaler Timpe & Mock was acquired for an amount of EUR 35 million, including EUR 17 million goodwill.
In March 2003, the CIRS SpA antifouling and suspending agents business was acquired for EUR 36 million, including EUR 32 million goodwill.
Effective June 30, 2003, the Impregnated Papers business was divested for EUR 112 million, resulting in a gain of EUR 2 million after taxes.
In April 2002, the Awlgrip® marine and aerospace coatings business was acquired for EUR 27 million, including EUR 19 million goodwill.
At the end of June 2002, the Industrial Specialties business of Crompton Corporation, including operations in the United States, Europe, and Asia, was acquired for EUR 96 million, of which EUR 15 million was paid in 2003. Goodwill was nil.
At the end of September 2002, the liquid pharmaceuticals manufacturing business Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd, United Kingdom, was divested for EUR 102 million. The after-tax gain on this divestiture amounted to EUR 91 million.
Effective September 2002, Ferros powder coatings businesses in the Americas and Asia Pacific were acquired for EUR 70 million, including goodwill of EUR 45 million.
During 2004, 2003, and 2002, Akzo Nobel acquired other businesses in strategic markets and geographic areas. Also several other activities were divested in 2004 and 2003. None of these were significant to the consolidated financial statements.
All acquisitions were accounted for on the basis of the purchase accounting method.
(3) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | ||
Cash in banks | 282 | 243 | ||
Short-term investments | 1,529 | 484 | ||
Total | 1,811 | 727 | ||
Short-term investments almost entirely consist of cash loans, time deposits, marketable private borrowings, and marketable securities immediately convertible into cash.
At December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, the amount of cash and cash equivalents was freely available.
138
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
(4) Receivables
|
|||||
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | |||
|
|||||
Trade receivables | 1,975 | 1,956 | |||
Taxes | 335 | 246 | |||
Other receivables | 319 | 360 | |||
|
|
||||
2,629 | 2,562 | ||||
Discounted drafts with recourse | (13) | (29) | |||
|
|||||
Total | 2,616 | 2,533 | |||
|
|||||
Allowances for doubtful accounts included as a deduction from receivables | 165 | 166 | |||
|
(5) Inventories
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | ||
Raw materials and supplies | 596 | 586 | ||
Work in process | 400 | 474 | ||
Finished products and goods for resale | 977 | 1,067 | ||
Inventory prepayments | 5 | 6 | ||
Total | 1,978 | 2,133 | ||
Provisions for obsolescence deducted from inventory book values | 146 | 160 | ||
139
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
(6) Intangible Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Millions of euros | Total | Goodwill |
Licenses,
know
-how, and
intellectual
property
rights
|
Prior
service
costs
for
minimum
pension
liability
|
Development
costs
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Balance at December 31, 2001 | |||||||||||
Cost of acquisition | 623 | 218 | 371 | 27 | 7 | ||||||
Accumulated amortization/impairment | (115 | ) | (15 | ) | (99 | ) | (1 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Book value | 508 | 203 | 272 | 27 | 6 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Changes in book value | |||||||||||
Acquisitions | 127 | 127 | |||||||||
Divestitures | (4 | ) | (4 | ) | |||||||
Investments | 19 | 19 | | ||||||||
Amortization | (59 | ) | (19 | ) | (39 | ) | (1 | ) | |||
Impairments | (82 | ) | (8 | ) | (74 | ) | |||||
Change related to minimum pension liability | 146 | 146 | |||||||||
Change in exchange rates | (26 | ) | (21 | ) | (5 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total changes in 2002 | 121 | 75 | (99 | ) | 146 | (1 | ) | ||||
Balance at December 31, 2002 | |||||||||||
Cost of acquisition | 758 | 314 | 264 | 173 | 7 | ||||||
Accumulated amortization/impairment | (129 | ) | (36 | ) | (91 | ) | (2 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Book value | 629 | 278 | 173 | 173 | 5 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Changes in book value | |||||||||||
Acquisitions | 61 | 61 | |||||||||
Divestitures | (11 | ) | (6 | ) | (5 | ) | |||||
Investments | 27 | 22 | 5 | ||||||||
Amortization | (53 | ) | (25 | ) | (26 | ) | (2 | ) | |||
Impairments | (23 | ) | (2 | ) | (21 | ) | |||||
Change related to minimum pension liability | (8 | ) | (8 | ) | |||||||
Change in exchange rates | (32 | ) | (25 | ) | (7 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total changes in 2003 | (39 | ) | 3 | (37 | ) | (8 | ) | 3 | |||
Balance at December 31, 2003 | |||||||||||
Cost of acquisition | 775 | 339 | 260 | 165 | 11 | ||||||
Accumulated amortization/impairment | (185 | ) | (58 | ) | (124 | ) | (3 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Book value | 590 | 281 | 136 | 165 | 8 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Changes in book value | |||||||||||
Acquisitions | 48 | 47 | 1 | ||||||||
Divestitures | (5 | ) | (1 | ) | (4 | ) | |||||
Investments | 28 | 25 | 3 | ||||||||
Amortization | (53 | ) | (28 | ) | (22 | ) | (3 | ) | |||
Impairments | (11 | ) | (11 | ) | |||||||
Change related to minimum pension liability | (28 | ) | (28 | ) | |||||||
Change in exchange rates | (8 | ) | (7 | ) | (1 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total changes in 2004 | (29 | ) | | (1 | ) | (28 | ) | | |||
Balance at December 31, 2004 | |||||||||||
Cost of acquisition | 778 | 370 | 258 | 137 | 13 | ||||||
Accumulated amortization/impairment | (217 | ) | (89 | ) | (123 | ) | (5 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Book value | 561 | 281 | 135 | 137 | 8 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
140
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
For details on the impairment charges reference is made to Note 16.
(7) Property, Plant and Equipment
Millions of euros | Total |
Buildings
and land
|
Plant
equipment
and
machinery
|
Other
equipment
|
Construction
in
progress and
prepayments
on projects
|
Assets
not
used in the
production
process
|
||||||
Balance at December 31, 2001 | ||||||||||||
Cost of acquisition | 10,337 | 2,838 | 6,002 | 924 | 535 | 38 | ||||||
Accumulated depreciation/impairment | (5,769 | ) | (1,083 | ) | (3,985 | ) | (675 | ) | (26 | ) | ||
Book value | 4,568 | 1,755 | 2,017 | 249 | 535 | 12 | ||||||
Changes in book value | ||||||||||||
Acquisitions | 159 | 31 | 123 | 5 | | | ||||||
Divestitures | (9 | ) | (3 | ) | (2 | ) | | (4 | ) | |||
Capital expenditures | 689 | 260 | 413 | 91 | (81 | ) | 6 | |||||
Disinvestments | (34 | ) | (17 | ) | (11 | ) | (4 | ) | | (2 | ) | |
Depreciation | (622 | ) | (112 | ) | (426 | ) | (83 | ) | (1 | ) | ||
Impairments | (28 | ) | (8 | ) | (19 | ) | (1 | ) | | |||
Changes in exchange rates | (321 | ) | (137 | ) | (130 | ) | (13 | ) | (41 | ) | | |
Total changes in 2002 | (166 | ) | 14 | (52 | ) | (5 | ) | (126 | ) | 3 | ||
Balance at December 31, 2002 | ||||||||||||
Cost of acquisition | 10,315 | 2,864 | 6,105 | 906 | 409 | 31 | ||||||
Accumulated depreciation/impairment | (5,913 | ) | (1,095 | ) | (4,140 | ) | (662 | ) | (16 | ) | ||
Book value | 4,402 | 1,769 | 1,965 | 244 | 409 | 15 | ||||||
Changes in book value | ||||||||||||
Acquisitions | 36 | 18 | 7 | 1 | 10 | |||||||
Divestitures | (79 | ) | (27 | ) | (49 | ) | (2 | ) | (1 | ) | ||
Capital expenditures | 581 | 130 | 294 | 82 | 60 | 15 | ||||||
Disinvestments | (52 | ) | (22 | ) | (15 | ) | (6 | ) | (3 | ) | (6 | ) |
Depreciation | (599 | ) | (113 | ) | (402 | ) | (82 | ) | (2 | ) | ||
Impairments | (115 | ) | (81 | ) | (32 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||
Changes in exchange rates | (207 | ) | (68 | ) | (103 | ) | (6 | ) | (29 | ) | (1 | ) |
Total changes in 2003 | (435 | ) | (163 | ) | (300 | ) | (13 | ) | 37 | 4 | ||
Balance at December 31, 2003 | ||||||||||||
Cost of acquisition | 9,837 | 2,736 | 5,692 | 902 | 446 | 61 | ||||||
Accumulated depreciation/impairment | (5,870 | ) | (1,130 | ) | (4,027 | ) | (671 | ) | (42 | ) | ||
Book value | 3,967 | 1,606 | 1,665 | 231 | 446 | 19 | ||||||
141
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
Millions of euros | Total |
Buildings
and land
|
Plant
equipment
and
machinery
|
Other
equipment
|
Construction
in
progress and
prepayments
on projects
|
Assets
not
used in the
production
process
|
||||||
Balance at December 31, 2003 | ||||||||||||
Cost of acquisition | 9,837 | 2,736 | 5,692 | 902 | 446 | 61 | ||||||
Accumulated depreciation/impairment | (5,870 | ) | (1,130 | ) | (4,027 | ) | (671 | ) | (42 | ) | ||
Book value | 3,967 | 1,606 | 1,665 | 231 | 446 | 19 | ||||||
Changes in book value | ||||||||||||
Acquisitions | 8 | | 4 | 4 | ||||||||
Divestitures | (301 | ) | (90 | ) | (181 | ) | (6 | ) | (24 | ) | | |
Capital expenditures | 551 | 146 | 362 | 75 | (34 | ) | 2 | |||||
Transfer between categories | (51 | ) | (3 | ) | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | 58 | |||
Disinvestments | (32 | ) | (7 | ) | (17 | ) | (3 | ) | (1 | ) | (4 | ) |
Depreciation | (540 | ) | (107 | ) | (354 | ) | (78 | ) | (1 | ) | ||
Impairments | (63 | ) | (4 | ) | (20 | ) | (14 | ) | (25 | ) | ||
Changes in exchange rates | (55 | ) | (26 | ) | (23 | ) | (3 | ) | (3 | ) | ||
Total changes in 2004 | (432 | ) | (139 | ) | (232 | ) | (27 | ) | (64 | ) | 30 | |
Balance at December 31, 2004 | ||||||||||||
Cost of acquisition | 9,141 | 2,576 | 5,186 | 830 | 382 | 167 | ||||||
Accumulated depreciation/impairment | (5,606 | ) | (1,109 | ) | (3,753) | (626) | (118 | ) | ||||
Book value | 3,535 | 1,467 | 1,433 | 204 | 382 | 49 | ||||||
The total book value of land at December 31, 2004 was EUR 234 million (at December 31, 2003: EUR 273 million).
The book value of property, plant and equipment financed by installment buying and leasing and not legally owned by the Company was EUR 44 million at December 31, 2004 (at December 31, 2003: EUR 104 million).
For details on the impairment charges reference is made to Note 16.
(8) Nonconsolidated Companies
|
|
|
|
|
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | ||
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in nonconsolidated companies | 301 | 345 | ||
Loans to nonconsolidated companies | 17 | 8 | ||
|
|
|
|
|
Total | 318 | 353 | ||
|
|
|
|
142
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
Dividends received from nonconsolidated companies in 2004, 2003 and 2002 amounted to EUR 123 million, EUR 17 million and EUR 82 million, respectively.
Earnings from nonconsolidated companies in 2004 include a tax charge of EUR 3 million, in 2003 a tax credit of EUR 4 million, and in 2002 a tax credit of EUR 1 million.
At December 31, 2004, consolidated retained earnings included EUR 132 million (2003: EUR 233 million) of undistributed earnings from Akzo Nobel's investments in nonconsolidated companies. Accounts receivable from and payable to nonconsolidated companies are separately presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The most important nonconsolidated companies are the 50-percent interest in Flexsys, the remaining 20% interest in the former Fibers activities, and the 30-percent interest in Methanor.
Summarized information of nonconsolidated companies on a 100-percent basis follows:
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | ||
Current assets | 797 | 1,265 | ||
Noncurrent assets | 982 | 1,007 | ||
Total assets | 1,779 | 2,272 | ||
Current liabilities | 435 | 604 | ||
Noncurrent liabilities | 600 | 754 | ||
Shareholders equity | 744 | 914 | ||
Total liabilities and equity | 1,779 | 2,272 | ||
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||
Net sales | 2,653 | 3,018 | 3,283 | |||
Income before tax | 248 | 16 | 34 | |||
Net income / (loss) | 214 | (10 | ) | 31 | ||
The increase of the 2004 statement of income figures predominantly is caused by higher earnings for the remaining 20-percent stake in the former Fibers activities, Flexsys, and Dyo Sadolin, partially offset by the divestment of the Catalysts joint ventures. The lower 2003 statement of income figures predominantly relate to lower earnings for the remaining 20-percent stake in the former Fibers activities and Flexsys.
Certain nonconsolidated companies sell goods and provide services to consolidated Akzo Nobel companies. In addition, consolidated Akzo Nobel companies sell goods and provide services to certain nonconsolidated companies. Such transactions were not significant. Terms of these transactions were generally comparable to transactions with third parties.
143
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
(9) | Short-term Borrowings |
Balance at end of year | Weighted average interest | |||
in millions of euros | rate at end of year | |||
Year ended December 31, 2002 | ||||
Banks | 517 | 6% | ||
Commercial paper | 396 | 3% | ||
Borrowings from nonconsolidated companies | 66 | 5% | ||
Year ended December 31, 2003 | ||||
Banks | 416 | 4% | ||
Commercial paper | ||||
Borrowings from nonconsolidated companies | 25 | 3% | ||
Year ended December 31, 2004 | ||||
Banks | 241 | 5% | ||
Commercial paper | ||||
Borrowings from nonconsolidated companies | 17 | 2% | ||
|
|
|
|
Commercial paper relates to Akzo Nobels commercial paper program in the United States, which at December 31, 2004, as at December 31, 2003, had a maximum of USD 1.0 billion (year-end 2004:EUR 0.7 billion; year-end 2003: EUR 0.8 billion), and to Akzo Nobels Euro commercial paper program, which at December 31, 2004, as at December 31, 2003, had a maximum of EUR 1.5 billion. At December 31, 2004, and at December 31, 2003, there was no commercial paper outstanding.
(10) | Current Liabilities |
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | ||
Prepayments by customers | 17 | 14 | ||
Payable to suppliers | 1,146 | 1,091 | ||
Taxes and social security contributions | 531 | 361 | ||
Amounts payable to employees | 289 | 329 | ||
Dividends | 1 | 3 | ||
Pensions | 135 | 313 | ||
Current portion of long-term liabilities related | ||||
to restructurings | 121 | 169 | ||
Current portion of other long-term liabilities | 249 | 153 | ||
Other | 567 | 410 | ||
|
||||
Total | 3,056 | 2,843 | ||
|
|
|
|
144
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
(11) | Long-term Borrowings |
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | ||
Debentures | 2,508 | 2,551 | ||
Debt to credit institutions | 94 | 77 | ||
Other borrowings | 92 | 89 | ||
2,694 | 2,717 | |||
Current portion | (302 | ) | (40 | ) |
|
||||
Total | 2,392 | 2,677 | ||
|
|
|
|
Debentures and other borrowings can be specified as follows:
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | ||||
Debentures | ||||||
7 | % | 1995 maturing 2005 | 227 | 227 | ||
5.38 | % | 1998 maturing 2008 | 512 | 512 | ||
5.63 | % | 2002 maturing 2009 | 825 | 851 | ||
4.25 | % | 2003 maturing 2011 | 750 | 750 | ||
6.44 | % | 1997 maturing 2007 (USD) | 75 | 82 | ||
6.54 | % | 1997 maturing 2012 (USD) | 105 | 114 | ||
Other debenture loans with various currencies, rates approximately 6% and | ||||||
various maturities | 14 | 15 | ||||
2,508 | 2,551 | |||||
Debt to credit institutions | ||||
Debt with various currencies and various rates | 94 | 77 | ||
94 | 77 | |||
Other borrowings | ||||
Borrowings with various currencies, various rates, and various maturities; | ||||
including capital lease obligations | 92 | 89 | ||
92 | 89 | |||
145
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
Aggregate maturity is as follows:
Millions of euros | 2004 | |
2005 | 302 | |
2006 | 21 | |
2007 | 81 | |
2008 | 520 | |
2009 | 844 | |
Later | 926 | |
Total | 2,694 | |
The average interest rate was 4.9 percent in 2004, 5.1 percent in 2003, and 5.9 percent in 2002.
None of the debt to credit institutions and other borrowings have been secured by mortgages etc.
At December 31, 2004, the total amount of long-term credit facilities arranged by Akzo Nobel was EUR 1.5 billion (at December 31, 2003: EUR 1.5 billion). Neither at the end of 2004 nor at the end of 2003, the facilities were used.
(12) Long-term Liabilities
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | ||
Deferred taxes | 479 | 590 | ||
Pension and postretirement benefits other than | 2,234 | 2,226 | ||
pensions | ||||
Restructuring of activities | 120 | 120 | ||
Environmental costs | 205 | 183 | ||
Other | 181 | 188 | ||
Total | 3,219 | 3,307 | ||
Deferred Tax Provisions
For details on the total
position for deferred taxes reference is made to Note 20.
Provisions for Pensions
and Postretirement Benefits other than Pensions
Akzo Nobel has a number of
defined benefit pension plans covering the majority of employees. The benefits
for these plans are based primarily on years of service and employees' compensation.
The funding policy for the plans is consistent with local requirements in the
countries of establishment.
Obligations under the defined benefit plans are systematically provided for by depositing funds with trustees or separate foundations, under insurance policies, or by balance sheet provisions. Plan assets principally consist of long-term interest-earning investments, quoted equity securities, and real estate.
146
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
Akzo Nobel also provides certain healthcare and life insurance benefits for most of the Company's retired employees in the United States and the Netherlands. The Company accrues for the expected costs of providing such postretirement benefits during the years that the employee renders the necessary services.
Valuations of the obligations under the pension and other postretirement plans are carried out by independent actuaries. The measurement date for the pension and postretirement plans in the Netherlands is December 31. The measurement date for most foreign plans is September 30, with due allowance for contribution and benefit payments during the fourth quarter.
Below a table is provided with a summary of the changes in the pension benefit obligation and plan assets for 2004 and 2003.
The Netherlands | Foreign | Total | ||||||||||
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2004 | 2003 | 2004 | 2003 | ||||||
Benefit obligation | ||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year | (4,138 | ) | (4,023 | ) | (4,229 | ) | (4,332 | ) | (8,367 | ) | (8,355 | ) |
Acquisitions | (3 | ) | (15 | ) | (18 | ) | ||||||
Settlements/curtailments | 167 | 1 | 168 | |||||||||
Service costs | (130 | ) | (141 | ) | (79 | ) | (76 | ) | (209 | ) | (217 | ) |
Contribution by employees | (22 | ) | (22 | ) | (17 | ) | (10 | ) | (39 | ) | (32 | ) |
Interest costs | (212 | ) | (207 | ) | (236 | ) | (225 | ) | (448 | ) | (432 | ) |
Plan amendments | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||||||
Benefits paid | 202 | 193 | 249 | 270 | 451 | 463 | ||||||
Actuarial gains and losses | (242 | ) | 65 | (91 | ) | (117 | ) | (333 | ) | (52 | ) | |
Changes in exchange rates | 104 | 278 | 104 | 278 | ||||||||
Balance at end of year | (4,375 | ) | (4,138 | ) | (4,298 | ) | (4,229 | ) | (8,673 | ) | (8,367 | ) |
Plan assets | ||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year | 3,383 | 3,086 | 2,948 | 2,896 | 6,331 | 5,982 | ||||||
Acquisitions | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||
Settlements/curtailments | (75 | ) | (1 | ) | (76 | ) | ||||||
Contribution by employer | 220 | 148 | 96 | 102 | 316 | 250 | ||||||
Contribution by employees | 22 | 22 | 17 | 10 | 39 | 32 | ||||||
Benefits paid | (198 | ) | (187 | ) | (216 | ) | (238 | ) | (414 | ) | (425 | ) |
Actual return on plan assets | 354 | 311 | 282 | 382 | 636 | 693 | ||||||
Changes in exchange rates | (82 | ) | (204 | ) | (82 | ) | (204 | ) | ||||
Balance at end of year | 3,706 | 3,383 | 3,044 | 2,948 | 6,750 | 6,331 | ||||||
Funded status | (669 | ) | (755 | ) | (1,254 | ) | (1,281 | ) | (1,923 | ) | (2,036 | ) |
Unrecognized net loss | 592 | 546 | 1,096 | 1,176 | 1,688 | 1,722 | ||||||
Unrecognized prior service | ||||||||||||
costs | 123 | 145 | 12 | 17 | 135 | 162 | ||||||
Net balances | 46 | (64 | ) | (146 | ) | (88 | ) | (100 | ) | (152 | ) | |
147
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
The net balance of the pension benefit plans is recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as follows:
The Netherlands | Foreign | Total | ||||||||||
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2004 | 2003 | 2004 | 2003 | ||||||
Prepaid pension costs (under Other Assets) | 49 | 440 | 477 | 489 | 477 | |||||||
Provisions
for pensions and other postretirement benefits (under Long-term Liabilities) |
(246 | ) | (319 | ) | (1,583 | ) | (1,652 | ) | (1,829 | ) | (1,971 | ) |
Intangible assets | 123 | 145 | 14 | 20 | 137 | 165 | ||||||
Charged against shareholders equity | 120 | 110 | 983 | 1,067 | 1,103 | 1,177 | ||||||
Net balances | 46 | (64 | ) | (146 | ) | (88 | ) | (100 | ) | (152 | ) | |
For all plans, the accumulated benefit obligation exceeded plan assets both at December 31, 2004, and at December 31, 2003.
Details for the minimum pension liability are as follows :
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Netherlands | Foreign | Total | ||||||||||
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2004 | 2003 | 2004 | 2003 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated benefit obligation | (3,903 | ) | (3,698 | ) | (4,187 | ) | (4,117 | ) | (8,090 | ) | (7,815 | ) |
Credit/(charge)
to shareholders equity for minimum pension liability
|
||||||||||||
- before taxes | (10 | ) | 206 | 84 | 238 | 74 | 444 | |||||
- after taxes | (11 | ) | 134 | 78 | 168 | 67 | 302 | |||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The 2004, 2003, and 2002 net periodic pension costs for the defined benefit pension plans were as follows:
The Netherlands | Foreign | Total | ||||||||||||||||
Millions of euro | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||||||||
Service
costs for benefits earned during
the period |
130 | 141 | 138 | 79 | 76 | 88 | 209 | 217 | 226 | |||||||||
Interest costs on
projected benefit
obligation |
212 | 207 | 198 | 236 | 225 | 250 | 448 | 432 | 448 | |||||||||
Expected return on plan assets | (228 | ) | (211 | ) | (225 | ) | (203 | ) | (182 | ) | (235 | ) | (431 | ) | (393 | ) | (460 | ) |
Amortization of prior service costs | 14 | 15 | 16 | 3 | 5 | | 17 | 20 | 16 | |||||||||
Amortization
of net actuarial loss/(gain)
|
10 | 23 | | 63 | 68 | 36 | 73 | 91 | 36 | |||||||||
Amortization
of transition (asset)/obligation |
(7 | ) | (8 | ) | 7 | 8 | | | ||||||||||
Settlement/curtailment loss/(gain) | (23 | ) | 3 | 5 | 1 | (20 | ) | 5 | 1 | |||||||||
Net periodic pension costs | 115 | 168 | 119 | 181 | 204 | 148 | 296 | 372 | 267 | |||||||||
148
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
The principal defined benefit pension plans cover approximately 50 percent of Akzo Nobel's employees. The remaining plans primarily represent defined contribution plans. Expenses for these plans totaled EUR 41 million in 2004, EUR 39 million in 2003, and EUR 31 million in 2002.
The weighted average assumptions underlying the computations were:
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||||||
The Netherlands | Foreign | Total | |||||||||||||||||
Percent | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | ||||||||||
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|
|
|
Pension benefit obligation at | |||||||||||||||||||
December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
- discount rate | 4.5 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.6 | ||||||||||
- rate of compensation increase |
2.5 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.6 | ||||||||||
Net periodic pension costs | |||||||||||||||||||
- discount rate | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 6.0 | ||||||||||
- rate of compensation increase |
2.5 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.8 | ||||||||||
- expected return on plan assets |
6.8 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 7.2 | ||||||||||
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The assumptions for the expected return on plan assets were based on a review of the historical returns of the asset classes in which the assets of the pension plans are invested. The historical returns on these asset classes were weighted based on the expected long-term allocation of the assets of the pension plans.
Akzo Nobels primary objective with regard to the investment of pension plan assets is to ensure that in each individual scheme sufficient funds are available to satisfy future benefit obligations. For this purpose so-called asset and liability management (ALM) studies are made periodically at each pension fund. For each of the pension plans an appropriate mix is determined on the basis of the outcome of these ALM studies, taking into account the national rules and regulations. Pension plan assets principally consist of long-term interest-earning investments, quoted equity securities, and real estate.
The pension plan asset allocation at December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the target allocation for 2005 for the pension plan in the Netherlands by asset category are as follows:
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|
|
|
Target allocation | Percentage of plan assets at December 31, | ||||||
Percent | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | ||||
|
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|
|
|
|
|
Equity securities | 30-50 | 44 | 42 | ||||
Long-term interest earning investments | 40-60 | 45 | 46 | ||||
Real estate | 7.5-12.5 | 10 | 9 | ||||
Other | 0-10 | 1 | 3 | ||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Total | 100 | 100 | |||||
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|
|
|
|
149
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
The weighted pension plan asset allocation at December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the target allocation for 2005, for the foreign pension plans by asset category are as follows :
|
||||||
Target
allocation
|
Percentage of plan assets at December 31, | |||||
Percent | 2004 | 2003 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity securities | 50-55 | 49 | 51 | |||
Long-term interest earning investments | 35-40 | 38 | 36 | |||
Real estate | 5-10 | 8 | 9 | |||
Other | 0-5 | 5 | 4 | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total | 100 | 100 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Postretirement benefit plans concern healthcare benefits plans in the Netherlands and the United States. Below a table is provided with a summary of the changes in the accumulated postretirement benefit obligations and plan assets for 2004 and 2003.
|
|||||||||||||
The Netherlands | The United States | Total | |||||||||||
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2004 | 2003 | 2004 | 2003 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefit obligation | |||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year | (193 | ) | (156 | ) | (375 | ) | (368 | ) | (568 | ) | (524 | ) | |
Settlements/curtailments | 5 | (1 | ) | 4 | |||||||||
Service costs | (7 | ) | (7 | ) | (15 | ) | (15 | ) | (22 | ) | (22 | ) | |
Interest costs | (10 | ) | (8 | ) | (22 | ) | (24 | ) | (32 | ) | (32 | ) | |
Benefits paid | 8 | 7 | 18 | 17 | 26 | 24 | |||||||
Actuarial gains and losses | 41 | (29 | ) | 21 | (55 | ) | 62 | (84 | ) | ||||
Changes in exchange rates | 29 | 70 | 29 | 70 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Balance at end of year | (156 | ) | (193 | ) | (345 | ) | (375 | ) | (501 | ) | (568 | ) | |
Plan assets | |||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||
Benefits paid | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | |||||
Actual return on plan assets | | | | | |||||||||
Changes in exchange rates | | | | | |||||||||
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|
||||||||
Balance at end of year | | 1 | | 1 | |||||||||
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|
|
|
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|
||||||||
Funded status | (156 | ) | (193 | ) | (345 | ) | (374 | ) | (501 | ) | (567 | ) | |
Unrecognized net loss | 30 | 80 | 78 | 109 | 108 | 189 | |||||||
Unrecognized prior service costs | 7 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 10 | |||||||
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|
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
Net balances | (119 | ) | (105 | ) | (265 | ) | (263 | ) | (384 | ) | (368 | ) | |
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|
The net balances of other postretirement benefit plans are all recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet under provisions for pensions and other postretirement benefits (under provisions).
The 2004 actuarial gains in the United States include the effect of the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003, which introduces prescription drug benefits for retirees as well
150
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
as a federal subsidy to sponsors of postretirement healthcare plans, which will both begin on January 1, 2006.
Net periodic other postretirement benefit costs are as follows:
The Netherlands | The United States | Total | |||||||||||||||||
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | ||||||||||
Service costs for benefits | |||||||||||||||||||
allocated to the period | 7 | 7 | 4 | 15 | 15 | 11 | 22 | 22 | 15 | ||||||||||
Interest costs on accumulated | |||||||||||||||||||
postretirement obligation | 10 | 8 | 7 | 22 | 24 | 21 | 32 | 32 | 28 | ||||||||||
Amortization of prior service | |||||||||||||||||||
costs | 1 | | 1 | | (1 | ) | 1 | | | ||||||||||
Net actuarial loss recognized | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | (1 | ) | 7 | 6 | | |||||||||
Curtailment loss/(gain) | | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
Net periodic other | |||||||||||||||||||
postretirement benefit costs | 22 | 18 | 13 | 41 | 42 | 31 | 63 | 60 | 44 | ||||||||||
Weighted average assumptions for postretirement benefits were as follows :
The Netherlands | The United States | ||||||||||||
Percent | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2004 | 2003 | 2004 | |||||||
Discount rate for net periodic | |||||||||||||
benefit cost | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 7.5 | |||||||
Discount rate for benefit | |||||||||||||
obligations at December 31 | 4.5 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.8 | |||||||
Assumed healthcare cost | |||||||||||||
trend rates at December 31 : | |||||||||||||
- healthcare trend rate | |||||||||||||
assumed for next year | | 4.0 | 4.0 | 9.0 | 9.5 | 10.0 | |||||||
- rate to which the cost rate is | |||||||||||||
assumed to decline | |||||||||||||
(the ultimate rate) | | 4.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |||||||
- year that the rate reaches | |||||||||||||
the ultimate trend rate | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2009 | 2009 | 2009 | |||||||
151
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
Assumed healthcare cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the healthcare plans. A one percentage point change in assumed healthcare cost trend rates would have the following effects:
The Netherlands | The United States | Total | ||||||||||
1 percentage point | 1 percentage point | 1 percentage point | ||||||||||
Millions of euros | increase | decrease | increase | decrease | increase | decrease | ||||||
Effect on total of service and interest costs | 2 | (2 | ) | 6 | (5 | ) | 8 | (7 | ) | |||
Effect on postretirement benefit obligation | 13 | (11 | ) | 49 | (41 | ) | 62 | (52 | ) | |||
Cash Flows
The Company expects
to contribute EUR 237 million to its pension plans in 2005, of which EUR 149
million for the pension plan in the Netherlands and EUR 88 million for the foreign
pension plans.
The following benefit payments, which take into account the effect of future service, are expected to be paid.
Pensions | Other retirement benefits | |||||||||||
The | The | The United | ||||||||||
Millions of euros | Netherlands | Foreign | Total | Netherlands | States | Total | ||||||
2005 | 197 | 239 | 436 | 8 | 17 | 25 | ||||||
2006 | 205 | 244 | 449 | 8 | 18 | 26 | ||||||
2007 | 214 | 247 | 461 | 9 | 19 | 28 | ||||||
2008 | 225 | 247 | 472 | 9 | 20 | 29 | ||||||
2009 | 235 | 252 | 487 | 10 | 21 | 31 | ||||||
2010-2014 | 1,357 | 1,322 | 2,679 | 59 | 125 | 184 | ||||||
Provisions for Restructuring
of Activities
Provisions for
restructuring of activities comprise accruals for certain employee termination
benefits and for costs which are directly associated with plans to exit specific
activities, primarily related to costs associated with closing down facilities.
152
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
The changes in these provisions (including the short-term portion) are summarized as follows:
Termination
|
Exit
|
Total
|
||||
Millions of euros | benefits
|
costs
|
provision
|
|||
Balance at December 31, 2001 | 225 | 175 | 400 | |||
Changes in exchange rates | (3 | ) | (11 | ) | (14 | ) |
Additions charged to income as restructuring charge | 68 | 55 | 123 | |||
Other additions charged to income | 15 | 9 | 24 | |||
Utilization | (123 | ) | (78 | ) | (201 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2002 | 182 | 150 | 332 | |||
Changes in exchange rates | (4 | ) | (6 | ) | (10 | ) |
Additions charged to income as restructuring charge | 149 | 21 | 170 | |||
Other additions charged to income | 14 | 4 | 18 | |||
Divestiture | | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | |
Utilization | (133 | ) | (86 | ) | (219 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2003 | 208 | 81 | 289 | |||
Changes in exchange rates | (2) | (2 | ) | |||
Additions charged to income as restructuring charge | 95 | 31 | 126 | |||
Other additions charged to income | (12 | ) | 14 | 2 | ||
Divestiture | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | ||
Utilization | (119 | ) | (53 | ) | (172 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2004 | 170 | 71 | 241 | |||
At December 31, 2004, the provision for termination benefits involves 2,870 employees that either already have been terminated or will be terminated in the near future (December 31, 2003: 3,200).
Provisions for Environmental
Costs
For details on
environmental exposures reference is made to Note 14.
Other provisions
Other provisions relate
to a great variety of risks and commitments, including provisions for antitrust
cases of EUR 180 million. Reference is made to Note 14.
(13) | Shareholders' Equity |
Capital Stock
Authorized capital
stock of Akzo Nobel N.V. is EUR 1,600,019,200 and consists of 48 priority shares
of EUR 400, 600 million common shares of EUR 2 and 200 million cumulative preferred
shares of EUR 2. Subscribed share capital consists of 48 priority shares, 286,147,260
common shares, and no preferred shares.
In 2004, no common shares were issued. In connection with Akzo Nobels stock option plan, the Company held 374,021 common shares at December 31, 2004 (December 31, 2003: 455,303, when it also included shares for Akzo Nobels Employee Share Plan).
153
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
The priority shares are held by “AKZO NOBEL STICHTING” (Akzo Nobel Foundation), an organization controlled by the Supervisory Board and the Board of Management of Akzo Nobel N.V. The Meeting of Holders of Priority Shares submits lists of nominees for the appointment to the Supervisory Board and the Board of Management of Akzo Nobel N.V. The General Meeting of Shareholders votes upon these lists of nominees. Amendment of the Articles of Association and dissolution of the Company shall require the approval of the Meeting of Holders of Priority Shares. The Articles of Association were amended after approval by the General Meeting of Shareholders of April 21, 2005. The main elements of the amendment of the Articles are described in Item 10.B.
The Board of Management is authorized to determine, with the approval of the Supervisory Board, the share of the profits to be added to retained earnings. The remainder of the profits shall be available for dividends to shareholders as follows: first to priority shares at 6 percent or the statutory interest whichever is lower, of their par value, with the balance available to common shares.
In case of liquidation, from the balance remaining after payment of debts, the holders of priority shares and common shares shall in that order be repaid the par value of their shares. From the balance remaining thereafter, accrued and unpaid dividends, if any, shall be paid first on the priority shares. Any balance remaining thereafter shall be distributed among the holders of common shares, pro rata according to the number of common shares.
According to Netherlands law, each holder of common shares has a preemptive right to acquire any issue of shares pro rata to the aggregate amount of his shares.
Each common share is entitled to one vote.
2004 Dividend Proposal
It is proposed
that dividend on priority shares of EUR 768 and on common shares of EUR 343 million
will be distributed. Following acceptance of this proposal, holders of common
shares will receive a dividend of EUR 1.20 per share of EUR 2, of which EUR 0.30
was paid earlier as an interim dividend. The final dividend of EUR 0.90 will
be made payable from May 2, 2005.
Statutory reserves
At the Annual
Meeting of Shareholders of April 26, 2001, an amendment of the Articles of Association
was approved whereby the par value of the priority shares was adjusted from NLG
1,000 to EUR 400 and of the common shares and the cumulative preferred shares
from NLG 5 to EUR 2. As the revised par values are somewhat lower than the original
par values, in accordance with section 67a of Book 2 of the Netherlands Civil
Code, the Company recognized a statutory reserve of EUR 77 million for this reduction
in subscribed share capital. Statutory reserves also include EUR 8 million for
capitalized development costs, as well as the reserves relating to the earnings
retained by affiliated companies after 1983. The latter statutory reserves have
been calculated by the so-called collective method.
Stock Options/Stock Appreciation Rights
Stock Options
Options are granted
to all members of the Board of Management, Senior Vice Presidents and Executives.
The number of participants was 733 in 2004 (2003: 762). The options for Senior
Vice Presidents and Executives expire after five years; while options granted
from 2002 expire after seven years. Options (conditionally) granted to members
of the Board of Management as from 2000 expire after ten years. Options
154
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
(conditionally) granted to members of the Board of Management as from 2000 expire after ten years. Options granted from 2003 onwards expire after seven years. All outstanding options from the series 1999, which were exercisable immediately upon grant, lapsed in 2004. Options issued as from 1999 cannot be exercised during the first three years. The Company currently does not purchase own shares in connection with its stock option plan.
No financing facilities exist for option rights or tax payable thereon. One option entitles the holder thereof to buy one Akzo Nobel N.V. common share of EUR 2 or one American Depositary Share (ADS). The exercise price is the Euronext Amsterdam opening price on the first day that the Akzo Nobel share is quoted ex dividend, or the opening price for an ADS on NASDAQ/NMS on the first day that the Akzo Nobel ADS is quoted ex dividend. For a certain portion of option rights granted in 2002 common shares were purchased. See also the disclosure under subscribed capital.
Options outstanding at December 31, 2004, have the following exercise prices and expiry dates:
Outstanding at | ||||||
Year of issue | Exercise price | December 31, 2004 | Expiry date | |||
Common Shares | In EUR | |||||
Vested options | ||||||
2000 | 44.82 | 853,700 | April 27, 2005 | |||
2000 | 44.82 | 148,500 | April 27, 2010 | |||
2001 | 46.75 | 852,500 | April 30, 2006 | |||
2001 | 46.75 | 144,342 | April 30, 2011 | |||
1,999,042 | ||||||
Unvested options | ||||||
2002 | 46.53 | 852,440 | April 25, 2009 | |||
2002 | 46.53 | 176,550 | April 25, 2012 | |||
2003 | 19.51 | 974,930 | April 22, 2010 | |||
2004 | 31.45 | 899,980 | April 25, 2011 | |||
2,903,900 | ||||||
American Depositary Receipts | In USD | |||||
Vested options | ||||||
2001 | 41.69 | 137,610 | April 30, 2006 | |||
Unvested options | ||||||
2002 | 42.05 | 140,690 | April 25, 2009 | |||
2003 | 21.21 | 181,610 | April 22, 2010 | |||
2004 | 37.25 | 205,700 | April 25, 2011 | |||
665,610 | ||||||
Total | 5,568,552 | |||||
155
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
Stock option activity during the periods indicated was as follows:
Common shares | American Depositary Receipts | |||||||
Weighted- | Weighted- | |||||||
average | average | |||||||
Number of | exercise price, | Number of | exercise price, | |||||
options | in EUR | options | in USD | |||||
Balance at December 31, 2001 | 3,658,676 | 44.76 | 148,170 | 41.69 | ||||
Granted | 1,063,970 | 46.53 | 153,450 | 42.05 | ||||
Exercised | (106,056 | ) | 36.66 | | ||||
Forfeited | (41,880 | ) | 45.28 | (2,640 | ) | 41.81 | ||
Balance at December 31, 2002 | 4,574,710 | 45.35 | 298,980 | 41.87 | ||||
Granted | 998,030 | 19.51 | 199,760 | 21.21 | ||||
Exercised | | | ||||||
;Forfeited | (486,940 | ) | 46.49 | (13,640 | ) | 35.21 | ||
Balance at December 31, 2003 | 5,085,800 | 40.17 | 485,100 | 33.55 | ||||
Granted | 904,480 | 31.45 | 216,800 | 37.25 | ||||
Exercised | | | ||||||
Forfeited | (1,087,338 | ) | 42.33 | (36,290 | ) | 32.64 | ||
Balance at December 31, 2004 | 4,902,942 | 38.08 | 665,610 | 34.81 | ||||
The fair values at grant date for the options granted during 2002 to 2004 were as follows:
Fair value at grant | ||||||
Year of issue | Exercise price | Expiry date | date | |||
Common Shares | In EUR | In EUR | ||||
2002 | 46.53 | April 25, 2009 | 13.09 | |||
2002 | 46.53 | April 25, 2012 | 14.66 | |||
2003 | 19.51 | April 22, 2010 | 4.94 | |||
2004 | 31.45 | April 25, 2011 | 7.94 | |||
American Depositary Receipts |
In
USD
|
In USD | ||||
2002 | 42.05 | April 25, 2009 | 11.91 | |||
2003 | 21.21 | April 22, 2010 | 4.92 | |||
2004 | 37.25 | April 25, 2011 | 8.48 | |||
The expected value of performance stock options for the Board of Management is based on the Binomial Option Pricing Model, using certain assumptions. These assumptions were used for these calculations only and do not necessarily represent an indication of Managements expectations of future developments. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumption, including expected share price volatility. The Companys employee stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options and changes in the subjective assumptions used for the calculation can materially affect the fair value estimate.
156
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
The assumptions used for the options granted during the years 2002, 2003, and 2004, were as follows:
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Year of issue year of expiry | Risk-free interest rate | Expected dividend yield | Expected option life | Expected share price volatility | ||||
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Common Shares | ||||||||
2002 2009 | 5.0% | 2.5% | 6.5 yrs | 30.6% | ||||
2002 2012 | 5.1% | 2.5% | 5 yrs | 30.6% | ||||
2003 2010 | 3.3% | 3.6% | 5 yrs | 33.7% | ||||
2004 2011 | 3.2% | 4.1% | 5 yrs | 35.2% | ||||
American Depositary Receipts | ||||||||
2002 2009 | 4.7% | 2.3% | 5 yrs | 30.8% | ||||
2003 2010 | 2.8% | 3.6% | 5 yrs | 31.8% | ||||
2004 2011 | 2.8% | 4.1% | 5 yrs | 32.7% | ||||
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Performance Share Plan
for the Board of Management
In 2004, a performance share
plan for the Board of Management was introduced. Under this plan the Supervisory
Board grants a number of conditional shares to the Board of Management each
year. The actual number of shares the Board of Management will receive depends
on the Companys Total Shareholder Return (TSR) performance over a three-year
period, compared with TSR performance of a specified peer group. For further
details see page 96 of this Annual Report. At December 31, 2004, the base number
of common shares granted was 121,000.
Employee Share Plan
Under the Akzo Nobel Employee
Share Plan, Akzo Nobel N.V. common shares were conditionally granted to the
employees. Generally, these rights vested if the employee had remained in the
Companys service for a period of three years. The number of shares granted
varied from country to country.
In November 2003, the Board of Management decided to accelerate the settlement of this plan. The rights for all shares granted vested at May 1, 2004.
157
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
Shareholders equity
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Thousands of euros | Millions of euros | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Priority shares | Common shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Number of shares |
Share capital | Number of shares |
Share capital | Additional paid-in capital |
Statutory reserves |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |
Other reserves |
Undistributed profits |
Capital and reserves |
Minimum pension liability |
Total | ||||||||||||||
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Balance at December 31, 2001 | 48 | 20 | 286,044,300 | 572 | 1,799 | 83 | (721 | ) | 600 | 585 | 2,918 | (40 | ) | 2,878 | |||||||||||
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Net income | 818 | 818 | 818 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends1 | (343 | ) | (343 | ) | (343 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Addition to other reserves | 328 | (328 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock due to exercise of options | 102,960 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase of common shares, net | (6 | ) | (6 | ) | (6 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Changes in minimum pension liability | (1,078 | ) | (1,078 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Capitalized development cost | (1 | ) | 1 | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (175 | ) | (175 | ) | (175 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
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Balance at December 31, 2002 | 48 | 20 | 286,147,260 | 572 | 1,803 | 82 | (896 | ) | 923 | 732 | 3,216 | (1,118 | ) | 2,098 | |||||||||||
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Net income | 602 | 602 | 602 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends1 | (343 | ) | (343 | ) | (343 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Addition to other reserves | 475 | (475) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase of common shares, net | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in minimum pension liability | 294 | 294 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Capitalized development cost | 3 | (3 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (149 | ) | (149 | ) | (149 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
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Balance at December 31, 2003 | 48 | 20 | 286,147,260 | 572 | 1,803 | 85 | (1,045 | ) | 1,395 | 516 | 3,326 | (824 | )2 | 2,502 | |||||||||||
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Net income | 856 | 856 | 856 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends1 | (343 | ) | (343 | ) | (343 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Addition to other reserves | 259 | (259 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Shareplan for Board of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management and employees | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Delivery of purchased of common shares | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Divested companies | 17 | (17 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in minimum pension liability | 65 | 65 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Capitalized development cost | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (42 | ) | (42 | ) | (42 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
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Balance at December 31, 2004 | 48 | 20 | 286,147,260 | 572 | 1,803 | 85 | (1,070 | ) | 1,635 | 770 | 3,795 | (759 | )2 | 3,036 | |||||||||||
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1 | EUR 0.90 per ordinary share and EUR 12.00 per priority share as final dividend for previous year, and EUR 0.30 and EUR 12.00, respectively, was declared as interim dividend for current year. |
2 | Includes minimum pension liability for nonconsolidated companies of EUR 10 million (2003: EUR 8 million). |
158
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
(14) Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
Environmental Matters
The Company is subject to extensive European
Union, national and local laws and regulations governing discharges to the
air and water as well as the handling and disposal of solid and hazardous
wastes. In addition, the Company is subject to regulatory requirements governing
the remediation of environmental contamination associated with past releases
of hazardous substances. Governmental authorities have the power to enforce
compliance with these requirements, and violators may be subject to civil
or criminal penalties, injunctions, or both. Third parties also may have
the right to sue to enforce compliance. The Company is involved in (legal)
proceedings with regulatory authorities in various countries that may require
the Company to pay fines relating to violations of environmental laws and
regulations, comply with more rigorous standards or other requirements, and
incur capital and operating expenses to meet such obligations.
The Company is subject to hazardous substance cleanup laws in various countries that impose liability for the costs of cleaning up contamination resulting from past spills, disposal or other releases of hazardous substances. In particular, the Company may be subject to liability under the United States Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund) and similar laws that impose liabilitywithout a showing of fault, negligence or regulatory violationon the generators of hazardous substances that have caused, or may cause, environmental contamination.Pursuant to CERCLA, in certain circumstances, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) may order one or more potentially responsible parties (PRPs) to clean up environmental contamination. In other cases, the EPA may clean up a site and then seek reimbursement of expenditures of federal funds from PRPs. Courts have interpreted CERCLA generally to impose joint and several liability without regard to fault for cleanup (and certain other) costs on all PRPs. This means that each PRP conceivably could be held liable for the entire amount of necessary cleanup costs. As a practical matter, however, liability is often apportioned among PRPs based on the volume and/or toxicity of the wastes disposed by each PRP.
It is the Companys policy to accrue and charge against earnings environmental cleanup costs when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and an amount is reasonably estimable. These accruals are reviewed periodically and adjusted, if necessary, as assessments and cleanups proceed and additional information becomes available. Environmental liabilities can change substantially by the emergence of additional information on the nature or extent of contamination, the necessity of employing particular methods of remediation, actions by governmental agencies or private parties, or other factors of a similar nature. Cash expenditures often lag behind the period in which an accrual is recorded by a number of years.
In accordance with the aforementioned policies, as of December 31, 2004 the aggregate environmental related long-term liabilities and accruals accounted for amounted to EUR 242 million (December 31, 2003: EUR 203 million). The liabilities have been discounted, using an average discount rate of 5.5 percent.
159
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
The obligations for environmental liabilities for each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows:
Millions of euros | Obligation | |
2005 | 62 | |
2006 | 64 | |
2007 | 35 | |
2008 | 31 | |
2009 | 30 | |
Later | 74 | |
Total | 296 | |
Although the Company believes that over the years it and its predecessors utilized operating practices that were standard in the relevant industry and were in compliance with existing environmental regulations, hazardous materials may have been released in or under currentlyor previouslyoperated sites.Consequently, the Company may be required to remediate contamination at some of these sites. Although the Company does not have sufficient information to estimate its potential liability in connection with any potential future remediation, it believes that if any such remediation is required, it will occur over an extended period of time. The Company anticipates that there may be a need for future provisions for environmental costs which, in management's opinion based on information currently available, would not have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial position and liquidity, but could be materially adverse to the Companys results of operations or cash flows in any one accounting period.
Antitrust Cases
Akzo Nobel
is involved in investigations by the antitrust authorities in the European Union,
the United States, and Canada into alleged violations of the respective antitrust
laws for some products in these jurisdictions. The Company is fully cooperating
with the authorities in these investigations. In addition, the Company is defending
civil damage claims in relation to some of these alleged antitrust violations.At
December 31, 2003, the Company had a provision for antitrust cases of EUR 75
million. Fines, civil damage settlements, and legal costs incurred in 2004 in
connection with these cases amounted to EUR 5 million (2003: EUR 27 million).
In 2004, based on an estimate of probable fines, civil damage claims, and costs to be paid over a number of years to cometaking into account legal advice and the current facts and circumstancesthe Company added EUR 110 million to the provision for antitrust cases. This addition to the provision also includes amounts related to the fines of EUR 21 million, imposed by the European Commission in December 2004 in connection with Akzo Nobel companies alleged involvement in a cartel for choline chloride, and of EUR 84,5 million, imposed by the European Commission in January 2005 for alleged involvement in a monochloroacetic acid cartel. The Company has appealed both decisions. At December 31, 2004, the provision for antitrust cases amounted to EUR 180 million.
In January 2005 the Company received a Statement of Objections by the EU Commission regarding an alleged EU cartel in Hydrogen Peroxide and Persalts. In this case as well as in investigations by the US DOJ and the Canadian Bureau of Competition into alleged antitrust violations in Hydrogen Peroxide in North America the Company is fully cooperating with the authorities. The Company believes that discussions with the US DOJ regarding a possible disposition of the matter may be finalized in the next few months.
160
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
It should be understood, however, that in light of possible future developments such as (a) the outcome of investigations of the various antitrust authorities, (b) potential additional lawsuits by (direct or indirect) purchasers, (c) possible future civil settlements, and (d) rulings or judgments in the pending investigations or in related civil suits, the antitrust cases are likely to result in additional liabilities and related costs. The Company at this point in time cannot estimate any additional amount of loss or range of loss in excess of the recorded amounts with sufficient certainty to allow such amount or range of amounts to be meaningful. Moreover, if and to the extent that the contingent liabilities materialize, they are typically paid over a number of years and the timing of such payments cannot be predicted with confidence. The Company believes that the aggregate amount of any additional fines and civil damages to be paid will not materially affect the Company's financial position. The aggregate amount, however, could be material to the Company's results of operations or cash flows in any one accounting period.With regard to Flexsys, a 50/50 joint venture for rubber chemicals with Solutia Inc., authorities in the United States, Canada, and Europe are investigating alleged antitrust violations in the rubber chemicals industry. We have been informed by Flexsys management that it is cooperating with the authorities and will continue to do so. In April 2005 both Flexsys and the Company received a Statement of Objections by the EU Commission. Based on this Statement of Objections the Company has reason to believe that Flexsys and the Company will not be fined by the EU Commission. We are also aware of a number of purported class actions and individual actions having been filed against Flexsys in federal court (by direct purchasers) and in various state courts (by alleged indirect purchasers) in the United States, and in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, Canada. We are informed that fifteen of the U.S. state court actions have been dismissed against Flexsys on various grounds and that motions to dismiss or otherwise dispose of the remaining cases are still pending in seven remaining state cases. The Company is named as codefendant in the federal actions and in one state action in Tennessee. Flexsys has entered a settlement agreement with the plaintiffs in the federal class action, subject to certain conditions including but not limited to final court approval. (currently scheduled for June 21, 2005). The settlement resolves the plaintiffs claims against the Company. Flexsys has recognized certain provisions for these cases and the Company does not believe that it will be liable for funding any judgments against, settlements made by, or related costs incurred by Flexsys. The carrying value of the Companys investment in Flexsys, however, may be affected by these cases.
Other Litigation
and Contingent Liabilities (Including Remeron® Cases)
In December
2002 summary judgment of noninfringement was obtained by certain generic drug
manufacturers, sued by the Company under the U.S. Hatch-Waxman Act, alleging
inducement of infringement by such manufacturers of the Company's U.S. patent
protecting the use of mirtazapine (Remeron®) in combination with
one or more SSRIs for the treatment of depression. Three of the generic drug
manufacturers sued by the Company filed antitrust claims against the Company
as counterclaims in the infringement actions brought by the Company. In addition,
antitrust claims were filed against the Company in the United States on behalf
of nine large chain store and grocery store pharmacies, and by alleged classes
of direct and indirect purchasers of Remeron®. These cases were
consolidated in the Federal District Court of New Jersey. In addition to these
cases, the state attorneys general of the States of Texas, Florida, and Oregon
opened civil investigations to determine if the Company's conduct violated their
respective laws and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), working with the State
Attorneys General, opened a civil investigation to determine whether the Company
violated federal law.
In April 2004, the Company reached settlements with the three generic manufacturers in an aggregate amount of USD 28 million. In September 2004, the Company reached a settlement with the indirect purchaser class (class of consumers and third party payers in the United States who paid for mirtazapine
161
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
during the relevant period) for total consideration of USD 36 million. This settlement also resolved the claims and investigations of the three state attorneys general that had commenced investigations as well as the claims of all other states. The FTC announced that in light of the states settlement it was closing its investigation without taking any action. The indirect purchasers and state attorneys general settlement is subject to certain conditions including, but not limited to, approval by the Federal District Court of New Jersey. In September 2004, the Company also settled with the nine large chain store and grocery store plaintiffs. The Company continues to believe that its actions in obtaining and enforcing its intellectual property rights were appropriate. However, given the costs and risks of defending these actions, the Company took the opportunity to resolve these matters. Including legal costs the Company recognized a total pretax charge of EUR 89 million for the Remeron® cases during 2004.
The action brought by an alleged class of direct purchasers remains pending in the Federal District Court in Newark, New Jersey. In September 2004, the District Court entered an order dismissing three of the five claims brought by those direct purchasers while denying the plaintiffs motion for partial summary judgment. In February 2005 the District Court entered an order denying the plaintiffs motion for partial summary judgment on the issue of establishing monopoly power and granting the Companys motion for summary judgment with respect to establishing monopoly power via the direct evidence approach. The Court indicated that it would address the Companys pending motion for summary judgment with respect to the traditional market definition approach in a future opinion. That motion, as well as the Companys motion for summary judgment addressed to plaintiffs two remaining claims, remain outstanding, as does the plaintiffs motion for class certification and its motion for partial summary judgment with respect to an aspect of one of its claims. No trial date has been set. The Company will continue to defend the remaining claims vigorously.
There are pending against Akzo Nobel N.V. and its subsidiaries a number of other claims, all of which are contested. The Company is also involved in disputes with tax authorities in several jurisdictions. Furthermore, in the context of the divestitures of businesses the relevant Akzo Nobel companies have agreed to indemnify and/or provide guarantees to the buyers (and/or their successors and assigns) regarding certain representations and warranties or developments.
While the outcome of these claims, disputes, indemnifications and guarantees cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes, based upon legal advice and information received, that the final outcome will not materially affect the consolidated financial position of the Company but could be material to the Companys result of operations or cashflows in any one accounting period.
Commitments
Purchase commitments
for property, plant and equipment aggregated EUR 96 million at December 31,
2004. At December 31, 2003, these commitments totaled EUR 80 million. In addition,
the Company has purchase commitments for raw materials and supplies incident
to the ordinary conduct of business.
Long-term liabilities contracted in respect of leasehold, rental, operational leases, research, etc., aggregated EUR 557 million at December 31, 2004 (at December 31, 2003: EUR 504 million). Payments due within one year amount to EUR 165 million (2003: EUR 153 million); payments due after more than five years amount to EUR 123 million (2003: EUR 84 million).
Expenses for non-cancelable operating leases and other commitments in 2004, 2003 and 2002 were EUR 153 million, EUR 188 million and EUR 141 million, respectively.
162
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
Obligations under long-term non-cancelable operating leases and other commitments for each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows:
Millions of euros | Lease | Other | Total | |||
2005 | 110 | 55 | 165 | |||
2006 | 77 | 33 | 110 | |||
2007 | 51 | 22 | 73 | |||
2008 | 32 | 14 | 46 | |||
2009 | 23 | 16 | 39 | |||
Later | 86 | 38 | 124 | |||
Total | 379 | 178 | 557 | |||
Guarantees
Guarantees relating to nonconsolidated
companies amounted to EUR 5 million (at December 31, 2003: EUR 9 million).
As general partner in several partnerships, Akzo Nobel companies are liable
for obligations incurred by these partnerships. At December 31, 2004, the
risk ensuing from these liabilities was EUR 92 million (at December 31, 2003:
EUR 139 million).
(15) Information about Financial Instruments
For information on the commercial paper programs reference is made to Note 9. For information on the standby multicurrency loan facility reference is made to Note 11.
Foreign Exchange Risk
Management
The Company routinely enters
into forward exchange contracts to hedge transaction exposures. These principally
arise with respect to assets and liabilities or firm commitments related
to sales and purchases. The purpose of Akzo Nobels foreign currency
hedging activities is to protect the Company from the risk that the eventual
functional currency net cash flows resulting from trade transactions are
adversely affected by changes in exchange rates.
At December 31, 2004, outstanding contracts to buy currencies totaled EUR 1.1 billion (at December 31, 2003: EUR 1.4 billion), while contracts to sell currencies totaled EUR 0.9 billion (at December 31, 2003: EUR 1.6 billion). These contracts mainly relate to U.S. dollars, Canadian dollars, Swedish kronor, pounds sterling, and Japanese yen.
The Company does not use financial instruments to hedge the translation risk related to equity, intercompany loans of a permanent nature, and earnings of foreign subsidiaries and nonconsolidated companies.
Interest Risk Management
In principle, the Company
manages interest risk by financing noncurrent assets and a certain portion
of current assets with equity, provisions, and long-term borrowings with
fixed interest rates. The remainder of current assets is financed with short-term
debt, including floating rate short-term borrowings. In line with this policy,
a number of swap contracts and forward rate agreements have been entered
into.
163
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
The Company swapped EUR 500 million fixed rate liabilities with an interest rate of 5.625 percent with floating rate LIBOR-related liabilities of USD 445 million and a remaining maturity of 4 years.
The Company swapped fixed rate liabilities with an interest rate of 4.25 percent with floating rate EURIBOR-related liabilities for an amount of EUR 650 million and a remaining maturity of 6 years.
The Company concluded forward rate agreements whereby the interest on deposits was fixed for an average volume of EUR 300 million in the range from 2.18% to 2.46%, ending October 2005.
Fixed rate liabilities with an interest rate of 6.3 percent were swapped with floating rate EURIBOR-related liabilities for an amount of EUR 145 million and a remaining maturity of 1 year. Floating rate EURIBOR-related liabilities were swapped with fixed rate liabilities with an interest rate of 5.3 percent for an amount of EUR 145 million and a remaining maturity of 1 year.
The above-mentioned Akzo Nobel financial instruments are accounted for as follows: | |
(a) | in the balance sheet, amounts in foreign currencies are translated into euros at year-end exchange rates. Foreign exchange differences are included in income. Results on currency hedging contracts are also recognized in income to offset the foreign exchange differences on the related hedged items. Exchange differences on anticipatory hedges of firm commitments regarding sales and purchases are deferred on the balance sheet until the hedged transactions have been reflected in the accounts. The capitalized or accrued amount is included in receivables or current liabilities; |
(b) | interest swaps contracts: interest is accrued in the statement of income as part of interest expense. |
Credit Risk
Under the agreements concluded
for its financial instruments, the Company is exposed to credit loss in the
event of nonperformance by the counterparty to any one of these agreements.
In the event of a counterpartys default, the resulting exposure would
equal the difference between (a) the prevailing market interest rate and
exchange rate and (b) the agreed swap interest and exchange rate. The Company
has no reason to expect nonperformance by the counterparties to these agreements,
given their high credit ratings.
Due to the geographical spread of the Company and the diversity of its customers, the Company is not subject to any material concentration of credit risks.
Commodities
In order to hedge the price
risk of natural gas, the Company has entered into swap contracts for the
underlying fuels, with an average volume of 32,000 ton coal, 30,000 barrels
of crude oil and 12,000 ton heavy fuel oil for the period January through
October 2005, whereby the price is fixed. The Company also concluded futures
contracts for the purchase of 1.0 million m3 of
gas, reasonably spread over the period January through June 2005.
164
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
Fair Value of Financial
Instruments
The carrying values and
estimated fair values of financial instruments do not differ materially with
the exception of the following:
December 31, 2004 | December 31, 2003 | |||||||
Millions of euros | Carrying | Estimated | Carrying | Estimated | ||||
Asset/(liability) | amount | fair value | amount | fair value | ||||
Long-term borrowings | (2,694 | ) | (2,868 | ) | (2,717 | ) | (2,834 | ) |
Foreign currency contracts | 11 | 12 | 93 | 91 | ||||
Interest rate currency swap | 175 | 237 | 148 | 202 | ||||
Interest swap contracts | | 32 | | 4 | ||||
Forward rate agreements | | | | | ||||
Petroleum swaps | | |||||||
Gas futures | | 2 | ||||||
Petroleum options | 2 | |||||||
The fair value of the Company's long-term borrowings is estimated based on the quoted market prices for the same or similar issues or on the current rates offered to the Company for debt with similar maturities.
The fair value of foreign currency contracts, swap contracts, forward rate agreements, petroleum options, and gas futures is estimated by calculation and obtaining quotes from dealers and brokers.
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, short-term borrowings and other current liabilities approximate fair value due to the short maturity period of those instruments.
The Company has no other significant financial instruments.
165
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
(16) Restructuring and Impairment Charges
In 2004, 2003 and 2002, the following restructuring and impairment charges for consolidated companies were included:
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||
Asset impairments at | ||||||
- Pharma | (31 | ) | (114 | ) | (77 | ) |
- Coatings | (16 | ) | (5 | ) | (2 | ) |
- Chemicals | (27 | ) | (19 | ) | (31 | ) |
Restructurings at: | ||||||
- Pharma | (20 | ) | (40 | ) | (34 | ) |
- Coatings | (38 | ) | (40 | ) | (24 | ) |
- Chemicals | (63 | ) | (90 | ) | (68 | ) |
- Others | (4 | ) | ||||
Total | (199 | ) | (308 | ) | (236 | ) |
2004
Pharmas
restructuring losses mainly concern impairment and closure costs of the Organon
production site in West Orange, New Jersey, and other worldwide cost reduction
programs.
Coatings restructuring charges predominantly concern the rationalization programs at Car Refinishes.
Restructurings and impairments at Chemicals relate to the closure of a Surface Chemistry site in the United Kingdom, the chlorine production in Bohus, Sweden, and staff cuts at Polymer Chemicals in Germany.
In total, these restructurings affect 1,840 jobs worldwide.
As can be noted from the above, impairment charges mainly relate to assets on sites (to be) closed. The impairment was determined based on the estimated fair value at which the assets are expected to be sold. Assets, for which it is not possible to be sold, were written down to zero.
2003
Impairment charges at Pharma were made in the context of the reassessment and redefinition of its global business, production, and marketing strategy. The writedowns concern facilities in the United States, Japan, United Kingdom, and some other countries. The impairment was determined based on the estimated fair value at which the assets are expected to be sold. Assets, for which it is not possible to be sold, were written down to zero.
The restructuring charges consist of provisions for severance payments and other restructuring costs. At Pharma, these predominantly concern the worldwide restructurings at Organon. Coatings charges relate to the restructuring of Transportation Coatings and cost saving measures at various other activities. At Chemicals, restructuring costs were incurred for especially Polymer Chemicals, Surface Chemistry, Base Chemicals, and Chelates.
In total, these restructurings affect 2,165 jobs worldwide.
166
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
2002
Pharmas
impairment include a write-down of EUR 67 million for the gepirone ER (Variza®)
know-how intangible asset. In view of the developments in 2002, the chances
of success have been reviewed. As a result, the Company decided to write down
this intangible asset to zero. There were also several impairments related to
the restructurings mentioned below, none of which were individually significant
to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The restructuring and impairment charges mainly relate to the Companys extended restructuring plans at all three groups, which affect 1,500 additional jobs worldwide.
(17) Gains on Divestments
|
||||||
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||
Gain on divestment | 509 | 25 | 91 | |||
In 2004, the gain on divestments
mainly related to the divestment of Catalysts, Phosphorus Chemicals and Coating
Resins. It should be noted that, although the deals are final, no ultimate settlement
has been reached yet for some of these divestments, so that amounts recognized
at this moment are best estimates and could change in a later stage, once the
final settlement has been reached.
In
2003, the gain on divestments mainly concerned the sale of Chemicals property
in the United Kingdom.
In 2002, it predominantly concerned the divestment
of Rosemont Pharmaceuticals in the United Kingdom.
(18) Other Results
The following items are included as other results:
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||
Special payments | 38 | 88 | ||||
Royalties | 76 | 55 | 57 | |||
Results on sale of redundant assets | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||
Pension premium refund Sweden | 15 | |||||
Environmental charges for risks at derelict sites of companies acquired in the past | (21 | ) | ||||
Currency exchange differences | (4 | ) | 16 | (15 | ) | |
Other items | 12 | 11 | 6 | |||
Total | 106 | 175 | 68 | |||
In 2004, special payments include the payment for the full transfer of Arixtra® to Sanofi-Synthélabo and the early entrance fee for a marketing license for Remeron® in Germany.
In 2003, special payments related to the cooperation agreement with Pfizer for asenapine.
167
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
(19) Financing Charges
Interest expense was reduced by EUR 4 million, EUR 6 million, and EUR 7 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, due to the capitalization of financing expenses of capital investment projects under construction.
(20) Income Taxes
The Company recognizes deferred tax assets in so far as their realization is more likely than not.
Tax charges/(benefits) are as follows:
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||
Operating income less financing charges | 298 | 254 | 335 | |||
Nonconsolidated companies1 | 3 | (4 | ) | (1 | ) | |
301 | 250 | 334 | ||||
Minimum pension liability | 7 | 2 | 142 | (477 | ) | |
Total | 308 | 392 | (143 | ) | ||
1 | Includes nonrefundable withholding taxes for dividends and income taxes relating to the Company's share in partnership earnings. |
2 | Includes the effect of the changes in enacted tax rate. |
Pre-tax income (including earnings from nonconsolidated companies) in the Netherlands and from foreign operations is as follows:
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||
The Netherlands | 338 | 125 | 122 | |||
Foreign | 854 | 776 | 1,065 | |||
Total | 1,192 | 901 | 1,187 | |||
168
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
The tax charges/(benefits) in the Netherlands and from foreign operations were as follows:
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||||||||
Current tax | ||||||||||||
The Netherlands | 44 | 77 | 48 | |||||||||
Foreign | 302 | 136 | 322 | |||||||||
346 | 213 | 370 | ||||||||||
Deferred tax | ||||||||||||
The Netherlands | (3 | ) | (34 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||||
Foreign | (42 | ) | 71 | (30 | ) | |||||||
(45 | ) | 37 | (36 | ) | ||||||||
Total | 301 | 250 | 334 | |||||||||
Included in the deferred income tax expense (benefit) above are benefits of operating loss carryforwards of EUR 10 million, EUR 69 million, and EUR 29 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively. Also included in the deferred income tax expense above are net adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balance of the valuation allowance of an increase of EUR 1 million, an increase of EUR 5 million, and a decrease of EUR 1 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively.
The table below reconciles the normal corporation tax rates in the Netherlands to the effective consolidated rates in the statement of income.
Percentages | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||
Corporate tax rate in the Netherlands | 35 | 35 | 35 | |||
Nontaxable income from nonconsolidated companies (excluding partnerships) | (2 | ) | (1 | ) | (4 | ) |
Effect of lower tax rates in specific countries1) | (3 | ) | (3 | ) | (4 | ) |
Tax exempt income/loss | (6 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) |
Change in valuation allowance | 1 | (2 | ) | 2 | ||
Total | 25 | 28 | 28 | |||
1) | Includes the effect of changes in enacted tax rates. |
Tax exempt income in 2004 mainly concerns the non taxable gains on the divestments at Chemicals.
169
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
At December 31, 2004, losses carried forward amounted to EUR 332 million, of which EUR 84 million will expire within five years. Losses in the amount of EUR 151 million expire after 5 years. For an amount of EUR 97 million of losses, there is no expiration date.
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2004 and 2003, are presented below.
|
|
|
|
|
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | ||
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating loss carry forwards | 96 | 169 | ||
Minimum pension liability | 354 | 361 | ||
Provisions | 352 | 320 | ||
Intangible assets | 46 | 57 | ||
|
|
|||
Total gross deferred tax assets | 848 | 907 | ||
Less valuation allowance | (53 | ) | (40 | ) |
|
|
|||
Net deferred tax assets | 795 | 867 | ||
Property, plant and equipment | (109 | ) | (172 | ) |
Overfunding at pension funds | (132 | ) | (119 | ) |
Other | (328 | ) | (376 | ) |
|
|
|||
Total deferred tax liabilities | (569 | ) | (667 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred tax asset | 226 | 200 | ||
|
|
|
|
|
Classification of deferred tax assets and liabilities, which is determined at a fiscal entity level, is as follows: | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | ||
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets | 351 | 429 | ||
Deferred tax assets for minimum pension liability | 354 | 361 | ||
Deferred tax provisions | (479 | ) | (590 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred taxes | 226 | 200 | ||
|
|
|
|
The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, was EUR 53 million and EUR 40 million, respectively. The net change in the valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002, was an increase of EUR 13 million, a decrease of EUR 25 million, and an increase of EUR 20 million, respectively, due to changed assessments of realizability of deferred tax assets.
170
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
In assessing the valuation of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which these temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deductible differences, net of the existing valuation allowances at December 31, 2004. The amount of the deferred tax assets considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near term if future estimates of projected taxable income during the carry forward period are lower.
No taxes have been provided for approximately EUR 1.4 billion of unremitted earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2004 (2003: EUR 1.5 billion). The remittance of these amounts would not lead to an income tax charge in the Netherlands and, in case of nonrefundable withholding taxes, part of these withholding taxes would be available for tax credits.
(21) | Earnings from Nonconsolidated Companies |
Earnings from nonconsolidated companies in 2004 include a net tax charge of EUR 3 million (2003: EUR 4 million credit; 2002: EUR 1 million credit).
2004 earnings include after-tax charges of EUR 29 million, mainly related to antitrust charges recognized at Flexsys and special charges for Acordis.
2003 earnings include net charges of EUR 29 million predominantly related to restructuring and antitrust charges recognized at Flexsys. 2002 earnings include similar charges for an after-tax amount of EUR 8 million recognized for Acordis.
(22) | Application of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America |
The accounting principles followed in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements (NL GAAP) differ in some respects from those generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP).
171
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
The reconciliation of net income is as follows:
For the year ended December 31, | ||||||
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||
Net income in accordance with NL GAAP | 856 | 602 | 818 | |||
Adjustments to reported income: | ||||||
Reversal NL GAAP amortization of goodwill (a) | 28 | 25 | 19 | |||
Goodwill write-downs (b) | (92 | ) | (4 | ) | (17 | ) |
Joint venture (c) | (6 | ) | 6 | 3 | ||
Stock compensation (d) | (1 | ) | (14 | ) | 21 | |
Development costs (e) | | (3 | ) | 1 | ||
Restructuring provisions (f) | 5 | 4 | (19 | ) | ||
Employee share plan (g) | (1 | ) | (4 | ) | (3 | ) |
Derivatives cumulative effect (h) | ||||||
Derivatives effect 2004/2003/2002 (h) | 35 | (2 | ) | 54 | ||
Pfizer contract on asenapine (i) | 31 | (88 | ) | |||
Income taxes (j) | (23 | ) | 37 | (17 | ) | |
Net income / (loss) in accordance with US GAAP | 832 | 559 | 860 | |||
Per share and ADS in accordance with US GAAP, in euros: | ||||||
Basic earnings / (loss) per share/ADS | 2.91 | 2.17 | 3.01 | |||
Diluted earnings / (loss) per share/ADS | 2.90 | 2.16 | 3.00 | |||
Comprehensive income is as follows:
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | ||||
Net income / (loss) in accordance with US GAAP | 832 | 559 | 860 | ||||
Other comprehensive income / (loss), net of taxes | |||||||
– | Foreign currency translation adjustments | (78 | ) | (314 | ) | (348 | ) |
– | Excess of minimum liability over unrecognized prior service cost, before taxes | 72 | 436 | (1,555 | ) | ||
– | Tax on excess of minimum liability over unrecognized prior service cost | (7 | )1 | (142 | ) | 477 | |
Comprehensive income / (loss) | 819 | 539 | (566) | ||||
1 | Includes the effect of the changes in enacted tax rate. |
172
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
The accumulated other comprehensive income / (loss) balances are as follows:
Foreign | Minimum | Accumulated | ||||
currency | pension | other | ||||
translation | liability | comprehensive | ||||
Millions of euros | adjustments | adjustment | income | |||
Balance at December 31, 2001 | (404 | ) | (40 | ) | (444 | ) |
2002 change | (348 | ) | (1,078 | ) | (1,426 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2002 | (752 | ) | (1,118 | ) | (1,870 | ) |
2003 change | (314 | ) | 294 | * | (20 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2003 | (1,066 | ) | (824 | ) | (1,890 | ) |
2004 change | (78 | ) | 65 | (13 | ) | |
Balance at December 31, 2004 | (1,144 | ) | (759 | ) | (1,903 | ) |
* Includes minimum pension liability for nonconsolidated companies of EUR 8 million. |
The reconciliation of shareholders equity is as follows:
December 31, | ||||
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | ||
Shareholders equity in accordance with NL GAAP | 3,036 | 2,502 | ||
Adjustments to reported shareholders equity: | ||||
Goodwill (a) | 3,064 | 3,163 | ||
Joint venture (c) | 5 | 12 | ||
Stock-compensation (d) | (15 | ) | (14 | ) |
Development costs (e) | (8 | ) | (8 | ) |
Restructuring provisions (f) | 17 | 12 | ||
Employee share plan (g) | | (4) | ||
Derivatives (h) | 95 | 60 | ||
Pfizer contract on asenapine (i) | (57 | ) | (88 | ) |
Income taxes (j) | (10 | ) | 16 | |
Shareholders equity in accordance with US GAAP | 6,127 | 5,651 | ||
173
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
An analysis of the change of shareholders' equity under US GAAP is as follows:
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||
Balance at beginning of year | 5,651 | 5,455 | 6,362 | |||
Net income / (loss) | 832 | 559 | 860 | |||
Dividends paid | (343 | ) | (343 | ) | (343 | ) |
Issuance of common shares | 5 | |||||
Purchase of common shares, net | (3 | ) | ||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (78 | ) | (314 | ) | (348 | ) |
Excess of minimum liability
over unrecognized prior service costs, net of income taxes |
65 | 294 | (1,078 | ) | ||
Balance at end of year | 6,127 | 5,651 | 5,455 | |||
The differences, which have an effect on net income and/or shareholders' equity, are as follows:
(a) | For NL GAAP purposes, until 1999 goodwill was charged directly to shareholders' equity. Since 2000, goodwill is capitalized and amortized over its estimated useful life not exceeding 20 years. |
For US GAAP, until 2001 goodwill was capitalized and amortized over its estimated useful life not exceeding 40 years. | |
The Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 141 as of July 1, 2001, and of SFAS No. 142 effective January 1, 2002. As of January 1, 2002, goodwill is determined to have an indefinite useful life, and therefore no longer amortized. Annually goodwill is tested for impairment in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142. | |
As a consequence, the unamortized goodwill balances per January 1, 2002, of pre 2000 acquisitions are to be capitalized for US GAAP and are no longer amortized. Starting in 2002, the NL GAAP amortization of goodwill related to post 1999 acquisitions has to be reversed for US GAAP. For 2004 this was an amount of EUR 28 million. | |
The impairment test in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142 did not result in additional charges in the Companys statement of income, except for the items mentioned under caption (b). |
174
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
An analysis of the change in the reconciling item for goodwill under US GAAP during 2004, 2003 and 2002 is as follows:
|
||
Millions of euros | ||
|
||
Balance at December 31, 2001 | 3,476 | |
Reversal of NL GAAP amortization | 19 | |
Additional write-downs (see (b) below) | (17 | ) |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (168 | ) |
|
||
Balance at December 31, 2002 | 3,310 | |
Reversal of NL GAAP amortization | 25 | |
Additional write-downs (see (b) below) | (4 | ) |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (168 | ) |
|
||
Balance at December 31, 2003 | 3,163 | |
Reversal of NL GAAP amortization | 28 | |
Additional write-downs (see (b) below) | (92 | ) |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (35 | ) |
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2004 | 3,064 | |
|
(b) |
The Company annually tests the US GAAP goodwill for impairment. This adjustment also includes the write-down of any remaining unamortized goodwill associated with businesses disposed of during the year. For 2004, the write down concerns the unamortized goodwill of Catalysts, Phosphorus Chemicals, and Coating Resins. For 2003, the write down concerns the unamortized goodwill of Impregnated Papers. For 2002 the write down concerns the unamortized goodwill of a part of the Akcros business, which was divested in April 2002. |
(c) |
During
1995, the Company transferred its rubber chemicals activities into a
50-50 joint venture, Flexsys, with Solutia Inc. Under NL GAAP the carrying value of the investment at December 31, 2004, was EUR 92 million and under US GAAP EUR 97 million, (at December 31, 2003: EUR 100 million and EUR 112 million, respectively). The higher carrying value under US GAAP is principally related to the goodwill associated with the Akzo Nobel businesses transferred into the joint venture. Such goodwill had been previously charged directly to equity for NL GAAP purposes. |
(d) |
In accordance with NL GAAP, stock compensation costs are charged to equity upon exercise of the stock appreciation rights. In accordance with APB 25, compensation costs, including the change in the liability for the difference between the exercise and the market price, should be recognized as a charge/credit against income. The compensation expenses for 2004 amounted to a charge of EUR 1 million (2003: EUR 14 million). |
No pro forma information is required, as the compensation expenses calculated pursuant to the provisions of FAS 123 are the same as those for APB 25, due to the cash settlement feature of the Companys stock option scheme. |
175
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
(e) | In accordance with NL GAAP development costs are to be capitalized and amortized, if certain conditions have been met. US GAAP does not allow capitalization and amortization of development costs. For US GAAP purposes, these costs have to be expensed as incurred. During 2004, the Company capitalized additional development costs for EUR 3 million and recognized an amortization charge of EUR 3 million for NL GAAP purposes. For 2003 EUR 5 million of development cost were capitalized, and EUR 3 million amortization charge was recognized for NL GAAP purposes. |
(f) | In accordance with NL GAAP a provision for restructuring is recognized at the moment a formal plan is approved, the plan identifies all significant actions to be taken to complete the plan, the period of time necessary to complete the plan indicates that significant changes to the plan are not likely, and in case of termination benefits, communication to the people involved an communication of the benefit arrangement is communicated before balance sheet date. For US GAAP purposes SFAS 146 Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities became effective for exit or disposal activities that are initiated after December 31, 2002, which means that a provision for exit cost can only be recognized if the goods or services for the exit program have been delivered. As a consequence, provisions for exit costs of EUR 17 million (EUR 11 million after taxes) recognized in accordance with NL GAAP could not be recognized. In 2003, EUR 21 million (EUR 14 million after taxes) were not recognized for US GAAP purposes since the goods or services for the exit program had not been delivered. |
In 2004 EUR 9 million (EUR 6 million after tax) were recognized under NL GAAP for provisions for termination benefits, which already were recognized for US GAAP in 2003 as part of ongoing plans in accordance with SFAS 88 Employers Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits. In 2004 there were no ongoing plans which did not qualify for NL GAAP which had to be recognized for US GAAP purposes. | |
(g) | In accordance with NL GAAP, the value of the shares granted under the Akzo Nobel Employee Share Plan on the date of the grant is recognized as a charge in the statement of income spread over the vesting period, which in general is 3 years. This standard is effective for rights granted from 2002 onwards. No charge was recognized for the shares granted under the Akzo Nobel Employee Share Plan in 2001. In accordance with US GAAP the fair value of these shares granted in 2001 (i.e. the share price at the date of grant) also has to be recognized as a charge against income over the vesting period of the grant. For 2002, the additional charge amounted to EUR 3 million (EUR 2 million after taxes). For 2003, the additional charge amounted to EUR 4 million (EUR 3 million after taxes). For 2004, the additional charge amounted to EUR 1 million (EUR 3 million after taxes). |
(h) | In accordance with NL GAAP, results on foreign currency forward hedging contracts (determined at year-end exchange rates) are recognized in income to offset the foreign exchange differences on the related hedged items. Exchange differences on anticipatory hedges of firm commitments regarding sales and purchases are deferred on the balance sheet until the hedged transactions have been reflected in the accounts. For interest swap contracts, interest is accrued in the statement of income as part of interest expense. |
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133,Accounting for Derivative Instruments (SFAS 133), as amended, was adopted by Akzo Nobel in 2001. This statement establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts (collectively referred to as derivatives), and for hedging activities. The Statement requires every derivative instrument be recorded in the balance sheet as either an asset or liability |
176
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
measured at its fair value. SFAS 133 requires that changes in the derivatives fair value be recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. The Company does not designate its derivatives for hedge accounting in accordance with US GAAP. Accordingly, changes in fair value of derivative instruments are recognized currently in earnings. | |
The cumulative effect for US GAAP purposes at January 1, 2001 of the implementation of SFAS 133 on net income was a gain of EUR 3 million for the foreign currency forward contracts and a gain of EUR 15 million for interest-rate swap contracts, as well as a loss of EUR 1 million for the interest rate cap contract and a loss of EUR 2 million relating to certain futures contracts to purchase electricity, all figures before taxes. The net after-tax cumulative effect was a gain of EUR 10 million. |
The developments for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002 were as follows:
|
|
|||||
For the year ended December 31, | ||||||
Millions of euros; gain/(loss) | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||
|
||||||
Foreign currency contracts | 3 | (7 | ) | | ||
Interest rate currency swaps | 8 | (1 | ) | 55 | ||
Interest rate swap contracts | 28 | | | |||
Interest rate cap contract | 1 | |||||
Forward rate agreements | | 1 | (1 | ) | ||
Petroleum options | (2 | ) | 2 | (1 | ) | |
Petroleum swaps | | |||||
Gas futures | (2 | ) | 2 | |||
Electricity futures | 1 | | ||||
|
||||||
Total | 35 | (2 | ) | 54 | ||
|
||||||
Net effect after taxes | 24 | (1 | ) | 35 | ||
|
(i) | In December 2003, the Company concluded a contract with Pfizer on the codevelopment and comarketing of asenapine. As a result thereof, the Company received an initial payment from Pfizer of EUR 88 million, which in accordance with the contract and the spirit thereof is a nonrefundable reimbursement of the expenses incurred by Akzo Nobel in prior years for the development of the asenapine related know-how so far. In accordance with NL GAAP, such payment was recognized as revenue immediately. |
In accordance with US GAAP revenue recognition rules for nonrefundable upfront fees as part of a contract whereby continuing involvement is required from the receiving company, this payment cannot be recognized as revenue upon receipt, but has to be deferred and recognized in future as the Company provides the continuing services required under the agreement, which for this payment is considered to be the development period 20042007. The payment is released against income pro rata to the expected development costs to be incurred over the period 20042007. As a result, for US GAAP purposes in 2004 EUR 31 million was recognized as income. | |
177
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
(j) | Represents the income tax effects of the aforementioned adjustments. |
(k) | The Company holds minority stakes (mostly 49 or 50 percent) in certain companies, which have been fully consolidated into the consolidated financial statements of Akzo Nobel, taking into account the minority interest of the other shareholders. This treatment is allowed for NL GAAP purposes, as these companies are considered so-called group companies. This mainly concerns the following companies: |
- | International Paint (Gulf) LLC | |
- | International Paint Saudi Arabia Ltd | |
- | Akzo Nobel Inda SA de CV. | |
- | Akzo Nobel Chang Cheng (Vietnam) Ltd | |
- | Warmte/Kracht Centrale Akzo Nobel Center V.O.F. | |
It should be noted that in 2004 the interest in several other Chang Cheng companies was increased from 50% to 67%. |
||
The effect of the difference with US GAAPwhich requires accounting under the equity method of such interestson shareholders equity and net income is nil. |
||
If these interests had been treated as nonconsolidated companies on a US GAAP basis the Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2004, would have shown a decrease in net sales of EUR 38 million, in operating income of EUR 5 million, in earnings of consolidated companies less income taxes of EUR 4 million, and in minority interest of EUR 2 million. On the other hand earnings from nonconsolidated companies would have increased by EUR 2 million. |
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The Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2003, would have shown a decrease in net sales of EUR 120 million, in operating income of EUR 24 million, in earnings of consolidated companies less income taxes of EUR 20 million, and in minority interest of EUR 10 million. On the other hand earnings from nonconsolidated companies would have increased by EUR 10 million. |
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The Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2002, would have shown a decrease in net sales of EUR 122 million, in operating income of EUR 21 million, in earnings of consolidated companies less income taxes of EUR 16 million, and in minority interest of EUR 8 million. On the other hand earnings from nonconsolidated companies would have increased by EUR 8 million. |
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The major effects on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as at December 31, 2004, would have been a decrease in current assets of EUR 23 million, in property, plant and equipment of EUR 10 million, in short-term liabilities of EUR 18 million, in long-term borrowings of EUR 1 million, and in minority interest of EUR 7 million. On the other hand, nonconsolidated companies would have increased by EUR 7 million. |
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The major effects on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as at December 31, 2003, would have been a decrease in current assets of EUR 67 million, in property, plant and equipment of EUR 17 million, in short-term liabilities of EUR 36 million, and in minority interest of EUR 27 million, and an increase in long-term borrowings of EUR 6 million. On the other hand, nonconsolidated companies would have increased by EUR 27 million. |
178
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
(l) | Until early 2004, the Company held a 50 percent interest in a joint venture with Sanofi-Synthélabo, which was included in the consolidated financial statements of Akzo Nobel on a proportional basis, which is allowed for NL GAAP purposes. The effect of the difference with US GAAPwhich requires accounting as nonconsolidated companies of such interestson shareholders equity and net income is nil. |
As the this joint venture ceased to exist early in 2004, there no longer is a difference between the accounting treatment for NL GAAP and US GAAP, which would impact the Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2004, and the Consolidated Balance Sheet as at December 31, 2004. |
|
If Sanofi-Synthélabo had been treated as nonconsolidated company on a US GAAP basis the Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2003 would have shown an increase in operating income of EUR 24 million, and in earnings of consolidated companies less income taxes of EUR 18 million. On the other hand earnings of nonconsolidated companies would have decreased by EUR 18 million. |
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The Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2002 would have shown an increase in operating income of EUR 49 million, and in earnings of consolidated companies less income taxes of EUR 31 million. On the other hand earnings of nonconsolidated companies would have decreased by EUR 31 million. |
|
The major effects on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as at December 31, 2003, would have been a decrease in deferred tax assets of EUR 32 million, in current assets of EUR 22 million, in long-term borrowings of EUR 31 million and in short term liabilities of EUR 13 million. Equity in nonconsolidated companies would have increased by EUR 10 million. |
|
(m) | In November 2002, the FASB issued interpretation No. 45, Guarantors Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness to Others. There are agreements to provide additional consideration in a business combination to the seller if contractually specified conditions related to the acquired entity are achieved. At December 31, 2004, we had recognized contingent liabilities for estimated payments amounting to EUR 5 million, which are included in the obligations under long-term non-cancelable operating leases and other commitments, as reported above under Commitments. The total maximum exposure amounted to EUR 21 million. |
179
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
(n) | During 2004, the Company divested the Catalysts, Phosphorus Chemicals, and Coatings Resins activities. For NL GAAP these divested activities do not qualify for treatment as discontinued operation. For US GAAP, however, these activities do qualify as discontinued operation. The disclosures as prescribed in SFAS 144 are as follows. |
For the year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
Millions of euros; gain/(loss) | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||||||||
Net sales | ||||||||||||
Continued operations | 12,063 | 12,115 | 13,008 | |||||||||
Discontinued operations | 617 | 816 | 872 | |||||||||
Total | 12,680 | 12,931 | 13,880 | |||||||||
Income from continuing operations | ||||||||||||
before income taxes | 624 | 710 | 1,140 | |||||||||
Income taxes | (251 | ) | (195 | ) | (333 | ) | ||||||
Income from continuing operations | 373 | 515 | 807 | |||||||||
Income from discontinued | ||||||||||||
operations (including gains on | 531 | 66 | 84 | |||||||||
disposal) | ||||||||||||
Income taxes | (72 | ) | (22 | ) | (31 | ) | ||||||
Income from discontinued | ||||||||||||
operations | 459 | 44 | 53 | |||||||||
Net income | 832 | 559 | 860 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings from continuing | ||||||||||||
operations per share | ||||||||||||
Basic | 1.31 | 1.80 | 2.82 | |||||||||
Diluted | 1.30 | 1.80 | 2.82 | |||||||||
Earnings from discontinued | ||||||||||||
operations per share | ||||||||||||
Basic | 1.61 | 0.15 | 0.19 | |||||||||
Diluted | 1.60 | 0.15 | 0.19 | |||||||||
The reconciliation of the elements of the earnings per share computation is as follows:
2004 | 2003 | 2002 | ||||
Shares for basic earnings per share | 285,745,587 | 285,691,957 | 285,827,092 | |||
Effect of dilutive securities | 660,310 | 721,016 | 504,113 | |||
|
|
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Shares for diluted earnings per share | 286,405,897 | 286,412,973 | 286,331,205 | |||
180
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AKZO NOBEL
(23) Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures
Millions of euros | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||
Cash paid during the year for: | ||||||
Interest | 139 | 159 | 208 | |||
Income taxes | 217 | 124 | 231 | |||
181
Schedule II VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
Millions of euros
|
Balance at
beginning
of period
|
Additions
charged to
income
|
Foreign
currency
translation
results
|
Deductions
|
Other
|
*
|
Balance
at end of
period
|
|||||
Reserves for doubtful accounts | ||||||||||||
Year ended December 31, 2002 | 180 | 43 | (17 | ) | (25 | ) | 1 | 182 | ||||
Year ended December 31, 2003 | 182 | 24 | (9 | ) | (31 | ) | | 166 | ||||
Year ended December 31, 2004 | 166 | 33 | (1 | ) | (29 | ) | (4 | ) | 165 | |||
* | Other is principally due to divestments. |
Other reserves of a similar nature, such as for warranties, are not material to the consolidated financial statements.
(a) | Financial statements filed as a part of this annual report. (See index to financial statements and schedule set forth in Item 18.) |
(b) | Exhibits filed as part of this annual report |
1. | Articles of Association of Akzo Nobel N.V. (incorporated by reference from the Form 6-K furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on July 25, 2001). | |
4.c | Service contract of Board of Management of Akzo Nobel N.V. (incorporated by reference from the Form 20-F filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 31, 2002.) | |
8. | Subsidiaries. | |
12.a | Rule 13(a) 14(a) Certification for Akzo Nobel CEO | |
12.b | Rule 13(a) 14(a) Certification for Akzo Nobel CFO | |
13.a | Rule 13(a) 14(a) Certification for Akzo Nobel CEO | |
13.b | Rule 13(a) 14(a) Certification for Akzo Nobel CFO | |
15.a | Consent of Independent Auditors |
The amount of long-term debt securities of Akzo Nobel authorized under any individual instrument does not exceed 10 percent of the total assets of Akzo Nobel and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Akzo Nobel agrees to furnish copies of any or all such instruments to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
182
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
Akzo Nobel N.V.
By | : | /s/ G.J. Wijers | By | : | /s/ R.J. Frohn |
Name | : | G.J. Wijers | Name | : | R.J. Frohn |
Title | : | Chairman of the Board of Management | Title | : | Chief Financial Officer |
Dated: June 16, 2005
(a) | Financial statements filed as a part of this annual report. (See index to financial statements and schedule set forth in Item 18.) |
(c) | Exhibits filed as part of this annual report |
1. | Articles of Association of Akzo Nobel N.V. (incorporated by reference from the Form 6-K | |
furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on July 25, 2001). | ||
4.c | Service contract of Board of Management of Akzo Nobel N.V. (incorporated by reference from the Form 20-F filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 31, 2002.) | |
8. | Subsidiaries. | |
12.a | Rule 13(a) 14(a) Certification for Akzo Nobel CEO | |
12.b | Rule 13(a) 14(a) Certification for Akzo Nobel CFO | |
13.a | Rule 13(a) 14(a) Certification for Akzo Nobel CEO | |
13.b | Rule 13(a) 14(a) Certification for Akzo Nobel CFO | |
15.a | Consent of Independent Auditors |