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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Amendment No. )

Filed by the Registrant Filed by a Party other than the Registrant      

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Definitive Proxy Statement
  Definitive Additional Materials
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Norfolk Southern Corporation

(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)
(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if Other Than the Registrant)

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Notice of the 2017
Annual Meeting
and Proxy Statement

Thursday, May 11, 2017
8:30 a.m. (EDT)

Hilton Norfolk The Main
100 East Main Street
Norfolk, Virginia






































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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this proxy statement are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provision of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, including but not limited to statements included in the section titled “Business Highlights.” In some cases, forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words like “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “consider,” “project,” and similar references to the future. Forward-looking statements are made as of the date they were first issued and reflect the good-faith evaluation of Norfolk Southern Corporation’s (“Norfolk Southern” or the “Corporation”) management of information currently available. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Corporation’s control. These and other important factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors” in the Corporation’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, as well as the Corporation’s other public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), may cause our actual results, performance or achievement to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not, and should not be relied upon as, a guarantee of future performance or results, nor will they necessarily prove to be accurate indications of the times at or by which any such performance or results will be achieved. As a result, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, the occurrence of certain events or otherwise, unless otherwise required by applicable securities law.



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NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORPORATION
Three Commercial Place, Norfolk, Virginia 23510

NOTICE OF 2017 ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

DATE AND TIME
Thursday, May 11, 2017, 8:30 A.M., Eastern Daylight Time

LOCATION
Hilton Norfolk The Main
100 East Main
Street Norfolk, Virginia 23510

AGENDA
At the Annual Meeting, shareholders will vote on the following items:

1.       Election of 13 directors for a one-year term.
2. Ratification of the appointment of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as our independent auditors for 2017.
3. Approval of advisory resolution on executive compensation.
4. Frequency of advisory resolution on executive compensation.

Such other business as properly may come before the meeting and any adjournments or postponements.

RECORD DATE
Only shareholders of record as of the close of business on March 2, 2017, will be entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting.

VOTING
Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote on each of the items to be voted on at the Annual Meeting.

ADMISSION
Only shareholders or their legal proxies may attend the Annual Meeting. To be admitted, you must bring photo identification and – if you are a beneficial owner of shares held in street name – proof of stock ownership. Please refer to page 74 for more information about attending the Annual Meeting.

By order of the Board of Directors,

DENISE W. HUTSON
Corporate Secretary

Dated: March 22, 2017

YOUR VOTE IS VERY IMPORTANT
If you do not expect to attend the Annual Meeting, we urge you to vote by telephone, mobile device, Internet as described below, or, if you received your materials by mail, by marking, dating, and signing the proxy card and returning it in the accompanying envelope. You may revoke your proxy at any time before your shares are voted by following the procedures described in “Voting and Proxies” beginning on page 74.

PROXY VOTING METHODS
Even if you plan to attend the Annual Meeting in person, please vote right away by using one of the following advance voting methods (see “Voting and Proxies” beginning on page 74 for additional details). Make sure to have the proxy card or voting instruction form or Notice in hand and follow the instructions. You can vote in advance using the proxy card/voting instruction form in one of three ways:

Visit the website listed on the proxy
card/voting instruction form or Notice to vote
VIA THE INTERNET

Call the telephone number on the proxy
card/voting instruction form or Notice to vote
BY TELEPHONE

Sign, date, and return the proxy
card/voting instruction form in the
enclosed envelope to vote
BY MAIL


 
 
 
 


IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS
FOR THE SHAREHOLDER MEETING TO BE HELD ON MAY 11, 2017

Pursuant to rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), we have elected to provide access to our proxy materials by notifying you of the availability of our proxy materials on the Internet. On March 22, 2017, we are sending a Notice of Availability of Proxy Materials (“Notice”) to certain of our shareholders of record, and we are sending a paper copy of the proxy materials and proxy card to employee plan participants and those shareholders of record who have requested a paper copy. Brokers and other nominees who hold shares on behalf of beneficial owners may be sending their own similar notice.

In accordance with SEC rules, you may access our notice and proxy statement and annual report at http://www.astproxyportal.com/ast/17278, which does not have “cookies” that identify visitors to the site. The Notice also includes instructions for requesting a printed copy of the proxy materials. In addition, our notice and proxy statement and annual report are available on our website at www.nscorp.com.



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Notice of 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders | 2017 Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement


      

March 22, 2017

Fellow Shareholder,

On behalf of your Board of Directors, I invite you to join us for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders on Thursday, May 11, 2017. This year, we will hold our meeting in Norfolk, Virginia. Details of the meeting are provided in the Notice of Meeting and the proxy statement.

In my letter to you last year, I described our five-year strategic plan and voiced strong support for Norfolk Southern’s new senior management team. That support continues. We remain confident that this management team provides the right leadership to continue to drive shareholder value. Over the past year, your Board actively oversaw management’s implementation of the strategic plan. I am pleased to report that the team met or exceeded key targets for 2016. In 2016, we achieved an all-time record full-year operating ratio and double-digit earnings per share growth, in spite of challenges from weak commodity prices and a sluggish industrial economy. Our performance in 2016 sets the stage for achieving our 2020 goals.

We maintained our commitment to shareholder returns while balancing our capital deployment. Your Board approved $695 million in total cash dividend payments and $803 million in share repurchases. Your Board also remained committed to excellence in governance. In 2016, as part of our board refreshment and succession planning practices, we elected two new members who enhance the Board’s breadth of expertise and diversity. We also adopted a proxy access amendment to Norfolk Southern’s Bylaws that provides a mechanism for shareholders to nominate board members.

We also paid close attention to the feedback that we received from you, our shareholders. We are proud of our shareholder engagement program, and your Board welcomes feedback from shareholders to ensure we understand the issues that are most important to you.

I encourage you to review the proxy materials and to vote as soon as possible, even if you are planning to join us at the Annual Meeting. Your vote is important to us.

Thank you for your continued investment in Norfolk Southern Corporation.

Sincerely,

Steven F. Leer
Lead Director



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Notice of 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders | 2017 Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement


TABLE OF CONTENTS

4        2017 PROXY SUMMARY
4 Voting Matters
4 Director Nominees
 
5 BUSINESS HIGHLIGHTS
5 Delivering on Our Five-Year Strategic Plan
5 2016 Business Highlights
 
7 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND THE BOARD
7 ITEM 1: Election of Directors
7 Nominees–For Terms Expiring in 2018
11 Qualifications of Directors and Nominees
13 Director Independence
14 Governance Framework and Practices
14      Board Leadership Structure
14      Lead Independent Director
15      Board Self-Evaluation Process
15      Board Refreshment and Succession Planning Policy
15      Retirement Policy
15      Director Elections Majority Voting Policy and Resignation Requirement
16      Shareholder Engagement
16      Proxy Access
16      Special Meetings
16      Risk Oversight
17      Related Persons Transactions
17      The Thoroughbred Code of Ethics
18 Board Composition and Attendance
18      Committees of the Board
19      Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
22 Compensation of Directors
 
25 AUDIT COMMITTEE MATTERS
25 ITEM 2: Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
26 Audit Committee Report
 
27 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
27 ITEM 3: Approval of Advisory Resolution on Executive Compensation
29 Compensation Committee Report
30 Compensation Discussion and Analysis
30      Executive Summary
32      Our 2016 Named Executive Officers
32      Objectives of Compensation Program
33      Compensation Governance
34      Compensation Policies
35      Compensation Components
43      Impact of Tax Treatment of Awards on Norfolk Southern’s Compensation Policies
43      Change-In-Control Agreements
44      Share Ownership Guidelines for Officers
44      Policies and Decisions Regarding Adjustment or Recovery of Awards
45 Executive Compensation Tables
45      Summary Compensation Table
48      2016 Grants of Plan-Based Awards
51      Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End 2016
54      Option Exercises and Stock Vested in 2016
55 Retirement Benefits
57 Deferred Compensation
59 Potential Payments Upon a Change in Control or Other Termination of Employment
68 Compensation Policy Risk Assessment
68 ITEM 4: Frequency of Advisory Resolution on Executive Compensation
 
69 SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS
69 Shareholder Proposal Deadlines
69 Shareholder Recommendations and Nominations
70 Other Matters
 
71 STOCK OWNERSHIP INFORMATION
71 Beneficial Ownership of Stock
73 Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
 
74 VOTING AND PROXIES
74 Q&A



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2017 Proxy Summary | 2017 Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement


2017 PROXY SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this proxy statement. This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider, and you should read the entire proxy statement before voting.

VOTING MATTERS
 
Item       Description Board Recommendation       Page
1 Election of directors   FOR EACH NOMINEE 7
2   Ratification of the appointment of our independent auditors FOR   25
3 Approval of advisory resolution on executive compensation FOR 27
4 Frequency of advisory resolution on executive compensation ONE YEAR 68

DIRECTOR NOMINEES
 

12 of 13 director nominees are independent

Highly-qualified directors with diversity of skills, background and experience

Average director tenure is 5.7 years


Name    Age    Director
Since
   Principal Occupation    Independent    Committee Memberships
Thomas D. Bell, Jr. 67 2010 Chairman
Mesa Capital Partners, LLC
Compensation
Executive
Finance and Risk Management
(Chair)
Erskine B. Bowles 71 2011 Senior Advisor and
Non-Executive Vice Chairman
BDT Capital Partners, LLC
  Compensation
Finance and Risk Management
Robert A. Bradway 54 2011 Chairman and CEO
Amgen, Inc.
Audit
Governance and Nominating
Wesley G. Bush 55 2012 Chairman, CEO and President
Northrop Grumman Corp.
Compensation
Finance and Risk Management
Daniel A. Carp 68 2006 Former Chairman and CEO
Eastman Kodak Company
  Compensation (Chair)
Executive
Governance and Nominating
Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr. 67 2016   President
Purdue University
  Compensation
Governance and Nominating
Marcela E. Donadio   62 2016   Former Partner and Americas
Oil & Gas Sector Leader
Ernst & Young LLP
Audit
Finance and Risk Management
Steven F. Leer
(Lead Director)
64 1999 Former CEO and Chairman
Arch Coal, Inc.
Compensation
Executive
Governance and Nominating
(Chair)
Michael D. Lockhart 67   2008   Former Chairman, President
and CEO Armstrong World
Industries, Inc.
Audit
Finance and Risk Management
Amy E. Miles 50 2014 Chair and CEO
Regal Entertainment Group, Inc.
Audit (Chair)
Executive
Governance and Nominating
Martin H. Nesbitt 54 2013 Co-Founder
The Vistria Group
Audit
Finance and Risk Management
James A. Squires 55 2014 Chairman, President and CEO
Norfolk Southern Corp.
Executive (Chair)
John R. Thompson 65 2013 Former Senior Vice President
and General Manager
BestBuy.com LLC
Audit
Governance and Nominating


    Norfolk Southern Corporation       Page 4       www.nscorp.com    



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Business Highlights | 2017 Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement


BUSINESS HIGHLIGHTS

This summary provides highlights from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 6, 2017 (the “2016 Form 10-K”), and from our Fourth-Quarter Earnings Presentation, filed with the SEC on Form 8-K on January 25, 2017 (the “2017 Form 8-K”), to assist you in reviewing Norfolk Southern’s 2016 performance. The information contained below is only a summary, and you should refer to the more comprehensive discussions contained in our 2016 Form 10-K, as supplemented by our Form 8-Ks filed during 2017, for additional information about these highlights.

DELIVERING ON OUR FIVE-YEAR STRATEGIC PLAN
2016 was a pivotal year as we began implementing our new strategic plan to reduce costs, drive profitability and accelerate growth.

STRATEGIC PLAN TO INCREASE SHAREHOLDER VALUE

Key Focus Areas Key Financial Targets
2016   2020

Optimize revenue – both pricing and volume

Disciplined pricing increases above rail inflation

 

Improve productivity to deliver efficient and superior service

Operating Ratio < 70

    Operating Ratio < 65
 

Increase asset utilization

Double-digit compound annual EPS growth by 2020

 

Focus capital investment to support long-term value creation

CapEx ~19% of revenue

CapEx ~17% of revenue

 

Reward shareholders with significant return of capital

Dividend payout target of ~33% over the longer term and continuation of dividend growth and significant share repurchases


We are on track to achieve our 2020 goals, and we expect to achieve $650 million in annual productivity savings by the end of the five-year period. We are well positioned for growth and have the flexibility to align resources and service capabilities with demand. We are steadfast in our commitment to meet evolving customer expectations, supporting long-term growth and increased shareholder value.

Our Board and management team are confident that this strategic plan will build long-term, sustainable value for all of our shareholders.

2016 BUSINESS HIGHLIGHTS
We delivered $250 million in productivity savings and recorded our best ever operating ratio of 68.9 percent for 2016, Jim Squires’ first fiscal year as CEO. These results were achieved despite overall volume declines of 3 percent, a weak commodity market and a continuation of significant adverse changes in NS’ traffic mix. Even in the face of this difficult economic environment, we achieved the 2016 targets of our strategic plan. While revenues were 6% lower than 2015, our focus on cost control and asset utilization allowed us to lower expenses by 11%. Diluted earnings per share increased 10% to $5.62 compared with $5.10 per diluted share in 2015.

We achieved improvements in service, and our network fluidity increased. Our composite service metric rose to above 80% for the year as compared to 72% in 2015, an 11% improvement. Our train speed increased by 9% for the year, and terminal dwell time improved by 7% for the year. We achieved this high level of performance while accomplishing strategic network and organizational changes.


    Norfolk Southern Corporation       Page 5       www.nscorp.com    



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Business Highlights | 2017 Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement


Our achievements in 2016 included:

improved employee productivity, including reduced overtime;

improved locomotive and freight car productivity;

better fuel efficiency;

longer average train length;

line and yard rationalizations;

organizational restructurings; and

proactive management of capital spending.


Under Jim Squires’ leadership as CEO, our new management team has achieved total shareholder return of 32.96% from June 1, 2015 to February 1, 2017 (monthly values) compared with 18.80% for the S&P Railroad Index and 12.01% for the S&P 500 Index over the same period.

Return on equity improved by 7.2% and return on assets improved by 4.5% in 2016 as compared with 2015 (based on data furnished by Bloomberg Financial Markets). We also provided significant returns of capital to shareholders. In 2016, we repurchased $803 million of Norfolk Southern stock to retire 9.2 million shares, and paid $695 million in dividends. We recently announced a 3% increase in our quarterly dividend, and have delivered a 13% compound annual growth in dividends per share over the last 10 years.

Total Shareholder Returns*


* Assumes that the value of the investment in Norfolk Southern Corporation common stock and each index was $100 on Dec. 31, 2011, and that all dividends were reinvested. Data furnished by Bloomberg Financial Markets.


    Norfolk Southern Corporation       Page 6       www.nscorp.com    



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Corporate Governance and the Board | 2017 Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement


CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND THE BOARD

ITEM       ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
1

The following individuals have been nominated for election as directors for a one-year term expiring at the 2018 Annual Meeting: Thomas D. Bell, Jr., Erskine B. Bowles, Robert A. Bradway, Wesley G. Bush, Daniel A. Carp, Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., Marcela E. Donadio, Steven F. Leer, Michael D. Lockhart, Amy E. Miles, Martin H. Nesbitt, James A. Squires and John R. Thompson.

If any nominee becomes unable to serve, your proxy will be voted for a substitute nominee to be designated by the Board of Directors, or the Board of Directors will reduce the number of directors.

So that you have information concerning the independence of the process by which our Board of Directors selected the nominees, we confirm, as required by the SEC, that (1) there are no family relationships among any of the nominees or among any of the nominees and any officer and (2) there is no arrangement or understanding between any nominee or director and any other person pursuant to which the nominee or director was selected.

The Board of Directors unanimously recommends that shareholders vote FOR each of the nominees for election as directors.

Additional information on the experience and expertise of the director nominees can be found on the following pages.

NOMINEES      
          

THOMAS D. BELL, JR.
Independent

Mr. Bell, 67, is the Chairman of Mesa Capital Partners, a real estate investment company. Mr. Bell previously served as non-executive Chairman of SecurAmerica LLC, a provider of contract security services, from 2010 through 2012. He is also a director of Regal Entertainment Group, Inc. and Southern Company Gas (formerly AGL Resources).

Areas of Expertise: CEO/Senior Officer; Environmental and Safety; Governance/Board; Governmental Relations; Human Resources and Compensation; Marketing; Strategic Planning

Director since: 2010
Committees:
Compensation
Executive
Finance and Risk
     Management
     (Chair)


          

ERSKINE B. BOWLES
Independent

Mr. Bowles, 71, has been a Senior Advisor and non-executive Vice Chairman of BDT Capital Partners, LLC, a merchant bank, since January 2012. He was Co-Chairman of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, after serving as President of the University of North Carolina from 2006 to 2010. Mr. Bowles is also a director of Morgan Stanley and Facebook, Inc.

Areas of Expertise: CEO/Senior Officer; Finance and Accounting; Governance/Board; Governmental Relations; Human Resources and Compensation; Strategic Planning

Director since: 2011
Committees:
Compensation
Finance and Risk
     Management



    Norfolk Southern Corporation       Page 7       www.nscorp.com    



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Corporate Governance and the Board | 2017 Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement


          

ROBERT A. BRADWAY
Independent

Mr. Bradway, 54, has been Chief Executive Officer of Amgen, Inc., a biotechnology company, since May 2012 and Chairman of its board since January 2013. Mr. Bradway previously served as President and Chief Operating Officer of Amgen from May 2010 through May 2012 and was appointed to its Board in 2011. He served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from 2007 to 2010. Mr. Bradway is also a director of The Boeing Company.

Areas of Expertise: CEO/Senior Officer; Environmental and Safety; Finance and Accounting; Governance/Board; Governmental Relations; Information Technology; Strategic Planning

Director since: 2011
Committees:
Audit
Governance and
     Nominating


          

WESLEY G. BUSH
Independent

Mr. Bush, 55, has been Chief Executive Officer and President of Northrop Grumman Corporation, a global aerospace and defense technology company, since 2010. He was elected to Northrop Grumman’s board in 2009 and named Chairman in July 2011. Mr. Bush previously served as Northrop Grumman’s President and Chief Operating Officer from 2007 to 2009, and Corporate Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from 2006 to 2007.

Areas of Expertise: CEO/Senior Officer; Environmental and Safety; Finance and Accounting; Governance/Board; Governmental Relations; Information Technology; Strategic Planning; Transportation

Director since: 2012
Committees:
Compensation
Finance and Risk
     Management


          

DANIEL A. CARP
Independent

Mr. Carp, 68, served as Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Eastman Kodak Company from 2000 until his retirement in 2005. Mr. Carp is a director of Delta Air Lines, Inc., having been non-executive Chairman of its board from 2007 until May 2016. Mr. Carp is also a director of Texas Instruments Incorporated.

Areas of Expertise: CEO/Senior Officer; Governance/Board; Human Resources and Compensation; Information Technology; Strategic Planning; Transportation

Director since: 2006
Committees:
Compensation (Chair)
Executive
Governance and
     Nominating


          

MITCHELL E. DANIELS, JR.
Independent

Mr. Daniels, 67, has been President of Purdue University since 2013 and served as Governor of Indiana from 2005 to 2013. From 1990 to 2000, Mr. Daniels worked for Eli Lilly and Company, holding the executive positions of President of North American Pharmaceutical Operations and Senior Vice President of Corporate Strategy and Policy. Mr. Daniels is also a director of Cerner Corp.

Areas of Expertise: CEO/Senior Officer; Finance and Accounting; Governance/Board; Governmental Relations; Strategic Planning

Director since: 2016
Committees:
Compensation
Governance and
     Nominating



    Norfolk Southern Corporation       Page 8       www.nscorp.com    



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Corporate Governance and the Board | 2017 Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement


          

MARCELA E. DONADIO
Independent

Ms. Donadio, 62, retired as a partner of Ernst & Young LLP, a multinational professional services firm, in 2014. From 2007 until her retirement, Ms. Donadio was Americas Oil & Gas Sector Leader, with responsibility for one of Ernst & Young’s significant industry groups helping set firm strategy for oil and gas industry clients in the United States and throughout the Americas. Ms. Donadio is also a director of Marathon Oil Corp. and National Oilwell Varco Inc.

Areas of Expertise: CEO/Senior Officer; Finance and Accounting; Governance/Board; Human Resources and Compensation; Strategic Planning

Director since: 2016
Committees:
Audit
Finance and Risk
     Management


          

STEVEN F. LEER
Independent

Mr. Leer, 64, served as the Chief Executive Officer of Arch Coal, Inc., a company engaged in coal mining and related businesses, from 1992 through 2012. He was Chairman of its board from 2006 through 2012 and its Executive Chairman from 2012 through 2014. He then served as Senior Advisor to the President and CEO of Arch Coal from 2014 through May 2015. Mr. Leer is also a director of Cenovus Energy Inc. and the non-executive Chairman of USG Corporation.

Areas of Expertise: CEO/Senior Officer; Environmental and Safety; Governance/Board; Human Resources and Compensation; Marketing; Strategic Planning; Transportation

Director since: 1999
Committees:
Compensation
Executive
Governance and
     Nominating (Chair)


          

MICHAEL D. LOCKHART
Independent

Mr. Lockhart, 67, served as Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and its predecessor, Armstrong Holdings, Inc., a leading global producer of flooring products and ceiling systems, from 2000 until his retirement in February 2010. Mr. Lockhart previously served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of General Signal Corporation, a diversified manufacturer, from September 1995 until it was acquired in 1998.

Areas of Expertise: CEO/Senior Officer; Environmental and Safety; Finance and Accounting; Governance/Board; Marketing; Strategic Planning; Transportation

Director since: 2008
Committees:
Audit
Finance and Risk
     Management



    Norfolk Southern Corporation       Page 9       www.nscorp.com    



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Corporate Governance and the Board | 2017 Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement


          

AMY E. MILES
Independent

Ms. Miles, 50, has been a director and Chief Executive Officer of Regal Entertainment Group, Inc., a leading motion picture exhibitor, since June 2009. She was named Chair of its board in March 2015. Ms. Miles previously served as Regal Entertainment’s Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer from March 2002 through June 2009.

Areas of Expertise: CEO/Senior Officer; Finance and Accounting; Governance/Board; Marketing; Strategic Planning

Director since: 2014
Committees:
Audit (Chair)
Executive
Governance and
     Nominating


          

MARTIN H. NESBITT
Independent

Mr. Nesbitt, 54, is the Co-Founder of The Vistria Group, a private equity firm. Mr. Nesbitt previously served as President and Chief Executive Officer of PRG Parking Management, LLC, an off-airport parking management company, and Managing Director of Green Courte Partners, LLC, a real estate investment firm, until 2012. Mr. Nesbitt is also a director of Jones Lang LaSalle Inc. and American Airlines Group Inc.

Areas of Expertise: CEO/Senior Officer; Finance and Accounting; Governance/Board; Governmental Relations; Marketing; Strategic Planning

Director since: 2013
Committees:
Audit
Finance and Risk
     Management


          

JAMES A. SQUIRES

Mr. Squires, 55, has been President of Norfolk Southern since 2013 and Chief Executive Officer since June 2015. Mr. Squires was named Chairman of the Board of Norfolk Southern in October 2015. Mr. Squires previously served as Norfolk Southern’s Executive Vice President-Administration, Executive Vice President-Finance and Chief Financial Officer, Senior Vice President Finance, Senior Vice President Law, and Vice President Law.

Areas of Expertise: CEO/Senior Officer; Finance and Accounting; Governance/Board; Governmental Relations; Human Resources and Compensation; Strategic Planning; Transportation

Director since: 2014
Committees:
Executive (Chair)


          

JOHN R. THOMPSON
Independent

Mr. Thompson, 65, served as a government relations consultant for Best Buy Co., Inc., a multinational consumer electronics corporation, from October 2012 to April 2016, and as Senior Vice President and General Manager of BestBuy.com LLC, a subsidiary of Best Buy Co., Inc., from 2002 through 2012. Mr. Thompson was formerly a director of Belk, Inc. and Wendy’s International, Inc.

Areas of Expertise: CEO/Senior Officer; Finance and Accounting; Governance/Board; Governmental Relations; Information Technology; Marketing; Strategic Planning

Director since: 2013
Committees:
Audit
Governance and
     Nominating



    Norfolk Southern Corporation       Page 10       www.nscorp.com    



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Corporate Governance and the Board | 2017 Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement


QUALIFICATIONS OF DIRECTORS AND NOMINEES
Our directors have diverse backgrounds and provide critical experience and expertise to Norfolk Southern. The Governance and Nominating Committee carefully considers the experience and qualifications of each director standing for re-election and potential nominee for election, to ensure that the Board can effectively carry out its oversight role on behalf of our shareholders.

The Governance and Nominating Committee has identified ten areas of expertise that are of particular importance to Norfolk Southern given the nature of our business and our expectations for the future of our company. The categories identified by the Governance and Nominating Committee are as follows:

CEO/Senior Officer      

Experience working as a CEO or senior executive of a major public, private or non-profit entity.

Environmental and Safety

A thorough understanding of safety and environmental issues and transportation industry regulations.

Finance and Accounting

Senior executive level experience in financial accounting and reporting, auditing, corporate finance and/or internal controls.

Governance/Board

Prior or current experience as a board member of a major organization (public, private or non-profit entity).

Governmental Relations

Experience in or a strong understanding of the workings of government and public policy on a local, state and national level.

Human Resources and
Compensation

Senior executive level experience or membership on a board compensation committee with an extensive understanding of compensation programs, particularly compensation programs for executive level employees and incentive based compensation programs.

Information Technology

Senior executive level or board experience with information technology issues for a major public, private or non-profit entity.

Marketing

Senior executive level experience in marketing combined with a strong working knowledge of Norfolk Southern’s markets, customers and strategy.

Strategic Planning

Senior executive level experience in strategic planning for a major public, private or non-profit entity.

Transportation

Extensive knowledge and experience in the transportation industry, either as a senior executive of a transportation or logistics company or as a senior executive of a customer of a transportation company.



    Norfolk Southern Corporation       Page 11       www.nscorp.com    



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Corporate Governance and the Board | 2017 Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement


The table and chart below summarize the areas of expertise that our Governance and Nominating Committee has identified as being represented on our Board, both from an individual and collective standpoint. In addition to these areas of expertise, the Governance and Nominating Committee also considers ethical integrity, board dynamics, reputation of potential nominees, recommendations of director search firms, and diversity of the Board.

Norfolk Southern defines diversity as the collective mixture of similarities and differences that impact our workforce, workplace, and marketplace. Our Governance and Nominating Committee views diversity broadly, seeking to nominate individuals from varied backgrounds, perspectives, and experiences. The Governance and Nominating Committee does not have a specific written policy on the diversity of the Board of Directors at this time. However, more information on Norfolk Southern’s diversity principles and philosophy can be found on our website on the “Work at NS” page under “Learn more about NS.”

Bell Bowles Bradway Bush Carp Daniels Donadio Leer Lockhart Miles Nesbitt Squires Thompson

CEO/Senior
Officer

Environmental and
Safety

Finance and
Accounting

Governance/
Board

Governmental
Relations

HR and
Compensation

Information
Technology

Marketing

Strategic
Planning

Transportation


More information on director qualifications and nomination is contained in Norfolk Southern’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, posted on the “Invest in NS” page under “Governance Documents” on our website.


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DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The Board of Directors has considered whether the members of our Board of Directors are independent. A director is considered “independent” if the Board determines that the director has no material relationship with Norfolk Southern (directly or as a partner, shareholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with Norfolk Southern). The Board makes these determinations after full deliberation, considering all relevant facts and circumstances. To aid in its evaluation of director independence, the Board has adopted categorical independence standards. Under the standards, an individual director is “independent,” unless the Board determines otherwise, if none of the following relationships exists between Norfolk Southern and the director:

the director is, or has been within the last three years, an employee, or an immediate family member of the director is, or has been within the last three years, an Executive Officer, of Norfolk Southern or any of our consolidated subsidiaries;

the director or an immediate family member of the director has received during any twelve-month period within the last three years more than $120,000 in direct compensation from Norfolk Southern or any of our consolidated subsidiaries, other than director and committee fees and deferred compensation for prior service (provided such deferred compensation is not contingent in any way on continued service);

(a) the director is a current partner or employee of a present or former internal or external auditor of Norfolk Southern or any of our consolidated subsidiaries, (b) the director has an immediate family member who is a current partner of such a firm, (c) the director has an immediate family member who is a current employee of such a firm and personally works on Norfolk Southern’s audit, or (d) the director or an immediate family member was within the last three years a partner or employee of such a firm and personally worked on Norfolk Southern’s audit within that time;

the director or an immediate family member is, or has been within the last three years, employed as an executive officer of another company where one of our Executive Officers serves as a director and sits on that company’s compensation committee;

the director is an executive officer or employee, or an immediate family member of the director is an executive officer, of a company that makes payments to, or receives payments from, Norfolk Southern or any of our consolidated subsidiaries for property or services in an amount which, in any of the last three fiscal years, exceeds the greater of $1 million or 2% of such other company’s consolidated gross revenues; and

the director is an executive officer or compensated employee, or an immediate family member of the director is an executive officer, of a charitable organization that receives donations from Norfolk Southern, any of our consolidated subsidiaries or the Norfolk Southern Foundation in an amount which, in any of the last three fiscal years, exceeds the greater of $1 million or 2% of such charitable organization’s donations.

For purposes of these categorical standards, “immediate family member” has the definition used in the New York Stock Exchange’s Listing Standards. These categorical independence standards are available on our website at www.nscorp.com on the “Invest in NS” page under “Governance Documents.”

The Board has determined that all the director nominees other than Mr. Squires satisfy the above categorical standards and qualify as independent directors of Norfolk Southern. Mr. Squires serves as our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer and, therefore, is not an independent director. In making these independence determinations, our Board of Directors considered the following transaction:

The Norfolk Southern Foundation made two charitable grants to Purdue University during the past three years, pursuant to Norfolk Southern’s College Partnership program: $20,000 in 2016 and $15,000 in 2015. From time-to-time, the Norfolk Southern Foundation may make charitable contributions pursuant to the Foundation’s employee-directed matching gift program; over the past three years, matching gifts to Purdue University have not exceeded $5,000. Mr. Daniels has been President of Purdue University since January 2013.

This transaction did not exceed our categorical independence standard and was not sufficiently material as to require disclosure as a Related Persons Transaction under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K. In addition, the Board considered this relationship in its nomination of Mr. Daniels and determined that his independence as a director of Norfolk Southern is not impaired.



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GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK AND PRACTICES
The Board of Directors has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines that, among other matters, describe procedures for shareholders and other interested parties who wish to contact the non-employee members of the Board (the “outside” directors). The Corporate Governance Guidelines are available on our website at www.nscorp.com on the “Invest in NS” page under “Governance Documents.”

BOARD LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE
Mr. Squires has served as Chief Executive Officer since June 1, 2015 and as Chairman since October 1, 2015. While the Board believes that combining the CEO and Chairman positions provides a leadership structure that is in the best interests of Norfolk Southern and our shareholders, the Board of Directors recognizes the importance of strong independent board leadership and has provided for such leadership by designating a Lead Independent Director, as discussed in detail below under “Lead Independent Director.”

Combining the CEO and Chairman positions provides for consistency of leadership of the Board and management and maintains clear lines of authority. Given that Mr. Squires’ knowledge of the Corporation is more extensive than that of any other director, he is particularly well equipped to lead the Board and set the Board’s agenda in collaboration with our Lead Independent Director. Further, Mr. Squires’ experience gives him a depth of knowledge about the broader industry that the Board believes is a highly valuable feature for the Chairman.

LEAD INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR
In order to provide strong independent Board leadership, the Board’s leadership structure is enhanced by the role of our Lead Independent Director, who: 

is selected from the independent directors of the Board by the independent directors;

presides at all meetings of the Board at which the Chairman is not present, including all meetings of the outside directors;

calls additional meetings of the outside directors as necessary;

serves as a liaison between the Chairman and CEO and the independent directors, conferring with the Chairman and CEO on a number of topics, including the effectiveness of Board meetings;

develops and approves, together with the Chairman and CEO, Board and committee meeting agendas, meeting schedules, and other materials to be distributed to the Board in order to ensure sufficient time for informed discussions of complex issues;

monitors the flow of information from the committee chairs to the directors, reviews shareholder communications, meets with significant shareholders as appropriate, and interviews potential director candidates; and

presides over our annual board self-evaluation process.

Mr. Leer was selected by the independent directors to be our Lead Independent Director in 2013. Mr. Leer is an experienced director with extensive knowledge of Norfolk Southern’s business, drawing from his perspectives both as a board member and as a former customer. While Mr. Leer has extensive experience as a public company CEO and chairman, because he is not currently a standing executive he is able to devote extensive time and focus to his role as Lead Independent Director. Mr. Leer has served as a director of Norfolk Southern through two leadership transitions and has been instrumental in providing continuity in the leadership of the Board, and in facilitating communication amongst board members.

More information on the position of Lead Independent Director is contained in Norfolk Southern’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, posted on the “Invest in NS” page under “Governance Documents” on our website.


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BOARD SELF-EVALUATION PROCESS
Our Lead Independent Director presides over our annual board self-evaluation process. For the 2016 evaluation, the Board retained a third-party firm to facilitate the evaluation, with evaluation results sent directly to the directors without input or interpretation by management. The evaluation included an assessment of the effectiveness of the Board and its committees, director performance, board dynamics, the effectiveness of our Lead Independent Director and committee chairs, and the level of independence between the Lead Independent Director and our Chairman and CEO. The individual assessments were organized and summarized for discussion by our Lead Independent Director with the Board. In addition, our Lead Independent Director supplemented the evaluation process with one-on-one reviews with individual directors following the evaluation as he deemed appropriate. The Board believes utilizing a third-party firm and reviewing and updating the questionnaire each year as appropriate ensure the evaluation process remains robust and that the process is free from any conflicts of interest and is truly an independent review.

BOARD REFRESHMENT AND SUCCESSION PLANNING POLICY
Our Governance and Nominating Committee adopted a policy under our Corporate Governance Guidelines requiring that it discuss succession planning for directors, including the committee chair and lead director positions, at least annually. The Committee considers any upcoming retirements under its retirement policy for directors, desired skills and expertise for the Board, and tenure of current directors. In evaluating tenure, the Committee reviews average tenure and distribution of individual tenures for the Board (that is, the number of directors having less than five years of service, five to ten years of service and over ten years of service), with the goal of maintaining an appropriate balance of new perspectives and longer-term expertise.

RETIREMENT POLICY
Under our Corporate Governance Guidelines, a director must retire effective as of the date of the annual meeting that falls on or next follows the date of that director’s 72nd birthday.

DIRECTOR ELECTIONS MAJORITY VOTING POLICY AND RESIGNATION REQUIREMENT
Norfolk Southern’s Bylaws require that in an uncontested election of directors, a director will be elected by a majority of votes cast. Any incumbent director who is not re-elected will promptly tender his or her resignation to the Board of Directors for consideration by our Governance and Nominating Committee. The Governance and Nominating Committee will promptly consider the resignation and recommend to the Board of Directors whether to accept or reject the tendered resignation. The Board of Directors will act on the Committee’s recommendation within 90 days following certification of the election results. Any director who tenders his or her resignation pursuant to this provision will not participate in the


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Governance and Nominating Committee’s recommendation or Board of Directors’ consideration regarding whether or not to accept the tendered resignation. If the resignation is accepted, the Governance and Nominating Committee will recommend to the Board whether to fill the vacancy or reduce the size of the Board. We will publicly disclose the Board of Directors’ decision within four business days, including a full explanation of the process by which the decision was reached and, if applicable, the reasons why the Board rejected the director’s resignation.

SHAREHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
Norfolk Southern regularly engages with its shareholders on governance issues, executive compensation issues, and other matters of interest to shareholders. During 2016, we continued our shareholder outreach program and met with many of our largest institutional investors. Our outreach program included one-on-one meetings, and involved two of our directors - including our Lead Independent Director - and our CEO, CFO, Director of Investor Relations, Corporate Secretary, and governance team. Feedback we received from shareholders was presented to our Board of Directors and to our Governance and Nominating Committee or Compensation Committee, as appropriate, for that committee’s consideration. Our Governance and Nominating Committee, headed by our Lead Independent Director, discussed both the process for conducting this outreach program and the results of these shareholder meetings with our Board of Directors.

PROXY ACCESS
Our Board of Directors adopted a proxy access bylaw amendment in 2016 that permits a group of shareholders holding 3% of our outstanding shares for at least 3 years, and who otherwise comply with the Corporation’s Bylaws, to nominate up to 20% of the Board of Directors (with a minimum of 2 nominees), with up to 20 shareholders permitted to aggregate their holdings to reach the 3% threshold. Our Bylaws are posted on our website on the “Invest in NS” page under “Governance Documents.”

SPECIAL MEETINGS
A special meeting will be called by the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation upon written request by one or more shareholders who in the aggregate represent at least 20% of the Corporation’s voting shares and who otherwise comply with the Corporation’s Bylaws, which are posted on our website on the “Invest in NS” page under “Governance Documents.”

RISK OVERSIGHT
Norfolk Southern considers and manages opportunities, threats, and uncertainties that may impact the Corporation’s business objectives by employing a robust Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) program. The ERM program supports the Corporation’s achievement of business objectives by enabling a collaborative risk management environment to proactively identify, assess, monitor, and mitigate business risk.

While the Board of Directors is ultimately responsible for oversight of the ERM program, the Finance and Risk Management Committee has been delegated oversight of the ERM program. The Finance and Risk Management Committee:

recommends ERM program procedures and processes to the Board;

oversees the ERM program and requests reports from management on its monitoring and mitigation of risks;

discusses with management the relationship between Norfolk Southern’s risk appetite and business strategies; and

collaborates with the Audit Committee to assist it in its review of major financial risk exposures and its oversight of the guidelines and policies used to govern the ERM program.

Other Board committees also play a role in risk oversight:

The Audit Committee is responsible for oversight of ERM program guidelines and policies, and considers Norfolk Southern’s major financial risk exposures, as well as risks associated with financial reporting and fraud.

The Compensation Committee considers major compensation-related risks when reviewing our compensation strategy, plans and programs.



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Management implements the ERM program through its Enterprise Risk Council. The Council is comprised of executive leadership and the chief risk officer, who coordinate with business leaders across Norfolk Southern to assess and mitigate enterprise risks. Management provides regular presentations and updates on risk management efforts to the Finance and Risk Management Committee. In addition, the Board or the Finance and Risk Management Committee may conduct additional risk assessments at any time, and the Board - and each of its committees - is empowered to engage outside advisors to assist in performing its risk oversight duties.

RELATED PERSONS TRANSACTIONS
During 2016, Norfolk Southern did not have any related persons transactions.

We may occasionally participate in transactions with certain “related persons.” Related persons include our Executive Officers, directors, beneficial owners of 5% or more of our common stock, immediate family members of these persons, and entities in which one of these persons has a direct or indirect material interest. We refer to transactions with these related persons as “related persons transactions.” We have adopted a written policy to prohibit related persons transactions unless they are determined to be in Norfolk Southern’s best interests. Under this policy, the Audit Committee of our Board is responsible for the review and approval of each related persons transaction exceeding $120,000. In instances where it is not practicable or desirable to wait until the next meeting of the Audit Committee for review of a related persons transaction, the Chair of the Audit Committee has been delegated authority to act between Audit Committee meetings. The Audit Committee, or its Chair, considers all relevant factors when determining whether to approve a related persons transaction, including whether the proposed transaction is on terms and made under circumstances that are at least as favorable to Norfolk Southern as would be available in comparable transactions with or involving unaffiliated third parties. Among other relevant factors, they consider:

the size of the transaction and the amount of consideration payable to the related person(s); 

the nature of the interest of the applicable director, director nominee, Executive Officer, or 5% shareholder, in the transaction; and 

whether we have developed an appropriate plan to monitor or otherwise manage the potential conflict of interest.

The Chair must report any action taken pursuant to this delegated authority to the Audit Committee at its next meeting. In addition, at the Audit Committee’s first meeting of each fiscal year, it reviews all previously approved related persons transactions that remain ongoing and have a remaining term or remaining amounts payable to or receivable from us of more than $120,000. Based on all relevant facts and circumstances, taking into consideration our contractual obligations, the Audit Committee determines whether it is in our and our shareholders’ best interest to continue, modify or terminate the related persons transaction.

THE THOROUGHBRED CODE OF ETHICS
The Board has approved and adopted The Thoroughbred Code of Ethics, which applies to all directors, officers and employees of Norfolk Southern, and a Code of Ethical Conduct for Senior Financial Officers that applies to specified financial officers. These documents and our Corporate Governance Guidelines are available on our website at www.nscorp.com on the “Invest in NS” page under “Governance Documents.” Any shareholder may request printed copies of our Corporate Governance Guidelines, The Thoroughbred Code of Ethics or Code of Ethical Conduct for Senior Financial Officers by contacting: Denise W. Hutson, Corporate Secretary, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Three Commercial Place, 13th Floor, Norfolk, Virginia 23510-9219 (telephone 757-823-5567).


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BOARD COMPOSITION AND ATTENDANCE
On November 28, 2016, the Board of Directors amended our Bylaws to increase the size of the Board from eleven to thirteen directors upon the election of Mr. Daniels and Ms. Donadio to the Board. Both nominees were recomended by a third-party director search firm.

The Board met seven times in 2016. Each director attended not less than 75% of the aggregate number of meetings of the Board and meetings of all committees on which such director served.

The Corporate Governance Guidelines also describe the Board’s policy with respect to director attendance at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which provides that, to the extent possible, each director is expected to attend the Annual Meeting. In 2016, each of our then-current directors attended our Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD
Our Board committees and their responsibilities are described below. Each committee operates under a charter approved by the Board of Directors which requires that the committee evaluate its performance at least annually. The committee’s evaluation includes effectiveness, size and composition, the quality of information and presentations given to the committee by management, the suitability of the committee’s duties and other issues that the committee deems appropriate. Copies of the committee charters are available on our website on the “Invest in NS” page under “Governance Documents” at www.nscorp.com. Any shareholder may request a printed copy of one or more of the committee charters by contacting: Denise W. Hutson, Corporate Secretary, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Three Commercial Place, 13th Floor, Norfolk, Virginia 23510-9219 (telephone 757-823-5567).

AUDIT COMMITTEE

 
Current members:       Amy E. Miles (Chair)
  Robert A. Bradway
  Marcela E. Donadio
  Michael D. Lockhart
  Martin H. Nesbitt
  John R. Thompson
   

Meetings in 2016: Nine

All members of the Audit Committee are independent (see information under “Director Independence” on page 13), satisfy all additional requirements for service on an Audit Committee, as defined by the applicable New York Stock Exchange Listing Standards and SEC rules, and qualify as “audit committee financial experts,” as that term is defined by SEC rules. No member of the Committee serves on more than three public company audit committees.

During 2016 the Audit Committee:
assisted board oversight of the accuracy and integrity of our financial statements, financial reporting process and internal control systems;
engaged an independent registered public accounting firm (subject to shareholder ratification) based on an assessment of their qualifications and independence, and pre-approved all fees associated with their engagement;
evaluated the efforts and effectiveness of our independent registered public accounting firm and Audit and Compliance Department, including their independence and professionalism;
facilitated communication among the Board, the independent registered public accounting firm, our financial and senior management and our Audit and Compliance Department;
assisted board oversight of our compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements;
reviewed procedures established for the receipt, retention, and treatment of complaints received, including confidential, anonymous submissions by employees, or others, of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters, and significant cases of alleged employee conflict of interest, ethical violations, misconduct, or fraud, the volume and nature of calls to the “Ethics and Compliance Hotline” and other matters similar in nature;
discussed the Corporation’s guidelines and policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management, including the Corporation’s major financial risk exposures and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures; and
prepared the “Audit Committee Report” that SEC rules require be included in our annual proxy statement.


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COMPENSATION COMMITTEE

 
Current members:       Daniel A. Carp (Chair)
  Thomas D. Bell, Jr.
  Erskine B. Bowles
  Wesley G. Bush
  Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr.
  Steven F. Leer
   

Meetings in 2016: Seven

 

All members of the Compensation Committee are independent (see information under “Director Independence” on page 13) and satisfy all additional requirements for service on a Compensation Committee, as defined by the applicable New York Stock Exchange Listing Standards and the SEC rules.

 
During 2016 the Compensation Committee:
 
considered and made recommendations to the Board concerning the compensation levels, plans and programs for the directors, chief executive officer and executive officers; 
reviewed and approved corporate goals and objectives relevant to the chief executive officer’s compensation and considered and recommended to the independent members of the Board the compensation of the chief executive officer based on an evaluation of his performance relative to those corporate goals and objectives;
considered the results of the shareholder advisory vote on executive compensation in connection with its review of Norfolk Southern’s executive compensation strategy, plans and programs;
provided oversight of each management annual incentive plan, deferred compensation plan, long-term incentive plan and other executive compensation plan that the Board has adopted and granted, recommended or approved awards under the plans;
provided oversight of the design of our employee retirement plans;
made any other compensation decisions for which it is desirable to achieve the protections afforded by Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, Rule 16b-3, or by other laws or regulations that may be or become relevant in this area and in which only disinterested directors may participate; and
oversaw disclosures included in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”) and produced a Compensation Committee Report indicating that it has reviewed and discussed the CD&A with management and approved its inclusion in the annual proxy statement.

COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
The members of the Compensation Committee during 2016 were Daniel A. Carp, Chair, Thomas D. Bell, Jr., Erskine B. Bowles, Wesley G. Bush, Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr. (as of November 28, 2016), and Steven F. Leer. None of the these members have ever been employed by Norfolk Southern, and no members had any relationship with us during 2016 requiring disclosure as a transaction with a related person, promoter, or control person under Item 404 of Regulation S-K or under the Compensation Committee Interlocks disclosure requirements of Item 407(e)(4) of Regulation S-K.


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EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

 
Current members:       James A. Squires (Chair)
  Thomas D. Bell, Jr.
  Daniel A. Carp
  Steven F. Leer
  Amy E. Miles
   

Meetings in 2016: Two

 

When the Board is not in session, and except as otherwise provided by law, the Executive Committee has and may exercise all the authority of the Board, including the authority to declare a quarterly dividend on our common stock at the rate of the quarterly dividend most recently declared by the Board. All actions taken by the Executive Committee are reported to the Board at its next meeting and are subject to revision or alteration by the Board.


FINANCE AND RISK MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE

 
Current members:       Thomas D. Bell, Jr. (Chair)
  Erskine B. Bowles
  Wesley G. Bush
  Marcela E. Donadio
  Michael D. Lockhart
  Martin H. Nesbitt
   

Meetings in 2016: Five

 

All members of the Finance and Risk Management Committee are independent (see information under “Director Independence” on page 13).

 
During 2016 the Finance and Risk Management Committee:
 
oversaw implementation of policies concerning our capital structure, including evaluating the appropriate structure of our long-term debt, mix of long-term debt and equity, and strategies to manage our interest burden, and recommended to the Board the declaration of dividends, share repurchases and the issuance of debt and equity securities; 
reviewed and evaluated tax and treasury matters and financial returns of our transactions, including management of cash flows, tax planning activities and evaluating financial returns of proposed mergers, acquisitions and divestitures; and
provided oversight of our Enterprise Risk Management program, including recommending Enterprise Risk Management procedures and processes to the Board, requesting reports from management on its monitoring and mitigation of risks, and discussing with management the relationship between Norfolk Southern’s risk appetite and business strategies.


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GOVERNANCE AND NOMINATING COMMITTEE

Current members:      Steven F. Leer (Chair)
  Robert A. Bradway
Daniel A. Carp
Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr.
  Amy E. Miles
John R. Thompson

Meetings in 2016: Seven

All members of the Governance and Nominating Committee are independent (see information under “Director Independence” on page 13).

During 2016 the Governance and Nominating Committee:

recommended to the Board qualified individuals to be nominated as members of the Board;

recommended to the Board qualified individuals to be elected as our officers;

evaluated and considered whether to recommend the adoption of any amendments to our Corporate Governance Guidelines;

monitored legislative developments relevant to us and oversaw efforts to affect legislation and other public policy;

provided oversight of our political contributions and charitable giving;

oversaw our relations with shareholders; and

monitored corporate governance trends and practices and made recommendations to the Board of Directors concerning corporate governance issues.



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COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS

2016 NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTOR COMPENSATION TABLE1
Name (a) Fees
Earned
or
Paid in
Cash2
($)
(b)
Stock
Awards3
($)
(c)
Option
Awards
($)
(d)
Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)
(e)
Change in
Pension
Value and
Nonqualified
Deferred
Compensation
Earnings4
($)
(f)
All Other
Compensation5
($)
(g)
Total
($)
(h)
Thomas D. Bell, Jr. 110,000 149,782 0 0 0 37,265 297,046
Erskine B. Bowles 90,000 149,782 0 0 0 59,765 299,546
Robert A. Bradway 90,000 149,782 0 0 0 5,765 245,546
Wesley G. Bush 90,000 149,782 0 0 0 2,265 242,046
Daniel A. Carp 110,000 149,782 0 0 0 13,665 273,446
Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr. 22,500 13,456 0 0 0 0 35,956
Marcela E. Donadio 22,500 13,456 0 0 0 0 35,956
Karen N. Horn 55,000 149,782 0 0 0 23,242 228,023
Steven F. Leer 142,500 149,782 0 0 11,068 7,515 310,864
Michael D. Lockhart 102,500 149,782 0 0 0 2,265 254,546
Amy E. Miles 105,000 149,782 0 0 0 22,265 277,046
Martin H. Nesbitt 90,000 149,782 0 0 0 39,359 279,140
John R. Thompson 95,000 149,782 0 0 0 12,348 257,130
1 Mr. Squires received no compensation for Board or committee service in 2016, and Mr. Squires will not receive compensation for Board or committee service in 2017. Therefore, neither this table nor the narrative that follows contains compensation information for Mr. Squires. For compensation information for Mr. Squires, see the Summary Compensation Table on page 45 of this proxy statement.
2 Includes amounts elected to be received on a deferred basis pursuant to the Directors’ Deferred Fee Plan. For a discussion of this plan, as well as our other director compensation plans, see the narrative discussion below.
3 For all directors, represents the full grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 of the restricted stock units granted pursuant to our Long-Term Incentive Plan. Each director serving on January 28, 2016 received 2,130 restricted stock units, and Mr. Daniels and Ms. Donadio received a grant of 130 restricted stock units based on the directors’ annual grant made in January 2016 and prorated for the number of days Mr. Daniels and Ms. Donadio would each serve as a director in 2016. As of December 31, 2016, each director other than Mr. Daniels and Ms. Donadio held 3,000 restricted shares granted pursuant to the Directors’ Restricted Stock Plan to each non-employee director upon election to the Board before 2015, and as of December 31, 2016, the directors held restricted stock units in the following amounts: Mr. Bell, 16,789; Mr. Bowles, 10,408; Mr. Bradway, 10,408; Mr. Bush, 8,070; Mr. Carp, 33,295; Mr. Daniels, 130; Ms. Donadio, 130; Dr. Horn, 5,418; Mr. Leer, 67,896; Mr. Lockhart, 21,732; Ms. Miles, 5,418; Mr. Nesbitt, 5,418; and Mr. Thompson, 5,418. See below under “Non-Employee Director Compensation—Long-Term Incentive Plan” for more information regarding these restricted stock units.
4 Represents the amounts by which 2016 interest accrued on fees deferred prior to 2001 by Mr. Leer under the Directors’ Deferred Fee Plan exceeded 120% of the applicable Federal long-term rate provided in Section 1274(d) of the Internal Revenue Code.
5 Includes (i) the dollar amounts we contributed to charitable organizations on behalf of directors pursuant to our matching gifts programs as follows: Mr. Bell, $35,000; Mr. Bowles, $57,500; Mr. Bradway, $3,500; Mr. Bush, $0; Mr. Carp, $11,400; Mr. Daniels, $0; Ms. Donadio, $0; Dr. Horn, $15,000; Mr. Leer, $3,750; Mr. Lockhart, $0; Ms. Miles, $20,000; Mr. Nesbitt, $37,094; and Mr. Thompson, $7,000, and (ii) each director’s proportional cost of NS-owned life insurance policies used to partially fund the Directors’ Charitable Award Program. We do not regard these contributions as compensation; however, this disclosure is required by SEC rules. For further discussion of the Directors’ Charitable Award Program, see the narrative discussion below. Because a director must serve on our Board for one year prior to becoming eligible for the Directors’ Charitable Award Program, no portion of this cost was allocated to Mr. Daniels or Ms. Donadio.


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NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
Below is a discussion of the material factors necessary to an understanding of the compensation disclosed in the above table.

How We Set Director Compensation. The Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors determine the annual compensation of non-employee directors each year. The Committee consults with its compensation consultant on the director compensation program and reviews survey information to determine whether changes are advisable. The Committee reviews both a comparison to the market amount of compensation paid to directors serving on boards of similar companies and reviews the allocation of this compensation between cash retainer and equity grants. In general, the Compensation Committee and the Board seek to make any changes to non-employee director compensation in a gradual and incremental fashion.

Fees. In 2016, each member of the Board received a quarterly fee of $22,500 for service on the Board and its standing committees. Directors who served as committee chairpersons received an additional quarterly fee of $5,000 for such service, while our Lead Independent Director received an additional quarterly fee of $12,500. For the first two quarters of 2016, members of the Special Litigation Committee (a special purpose committee) received an additional quarterly fee of $2,500, and the chairperson received a quarterly fee of $5,000.

Long-Term Incentive Plan. Each of our then current non-employee directors was granted 2,130 restricted stock units effective January 2016, and the two non-employee directors who joined the Board effective November 28, 2016 received a grant of 130 restricted stock units representing a prorated portion of the grant made in January 2016. Each restricted stock unit represents the economic equivalent of one share of our common stock, and will be settled in shares of our stock rather than cash. Stock units are credited with dividend equivalents as dividends are paid on our common stock, and the amount credited is converted into additional restricted stock units based on the fair market value of our stock on the dividend payment date. Upon leaving the Board, a director will receive the value of the restricted stock units in shares of our stock either in a lump sum distribution or in ten annual distributions, in accordance with an election made by each director.

Directors’ Deferred Fee Plan. A director may elect to defer receipt of all or a portion of the director’s compensation. Amounts deferred are credited to a separate account maintained in the name of each participating director. Six directors elected to defer compensation that would have been payable in 2016 into the Directors’ Deferred Fee Plan.

Amounts deferred on or after January 1, 2001, are credited with variable earnings and/or losses based on the performance of hypothetical investment options selected by the director. The hypothetical investment options include NS stock units and various mutual funds as crediting indices. NS stock units are phantom units whose value is measured by the market value of shares of our common stock, but the units will be settled in cash, not in shares of stock. Amounts deferred on or after January 1, 2001, will be distributed in accordance with the director’s elected distribution option in one lump sum or a stream of annual cash payments over 5, 10 or 15 years.

Amounts deferred before January 1, 2001, earn a fixed rate of interest, which is credited to the account at the beginning of each quarter. In general, the fixed interest rate is determined on the basis of the director’s age at the time of the deferral: under age 45, 7%; age 45-54, 10%; age 55-60, 11%; and over age 60, 12%. Amounts set forth in the table above represent the extent to which these rates exceed 120% of the applicable federal long-term rate. The total amount so credited for amounts deferred before January 1, 2001 (including interest earned thereon) is distributed in ten annual installments beginning in the year following the year in which the participant ceases to be a director.

Our commitment to accrue and pay interest and/or earnings on amounts deferred is facilitated by the purchase of corporate-owned life insurance with the directors as insureds under the policies. If the Board of Directors determines at any time that changes in the law affect our ability to recover the cost of providing the benefits payable under the Directors’ Deferred Fee Plan, the Board may reduce the interest and/or earnings on deferrals to a rate not less than one half the rate otherwise provided for in the Directors’ Deferred Fee Plan.


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Directors’ Charitable Award Program. Each director who has served for one year is entitled to nominate up to five tax-exempt institutions to receive, in the aggregate, up to $500,000 from Norfolk Southern following the director’s death. Directors are entitled to designate up to $100,000 per year of service until the $500,000 cap is reached. Following the director’s death, we will distribute the donations in five equal annual installments.

The Directors’ Charitable Award Program supports our long-standing commitment to contribute to educational, cultural and other appropriate charitable institutions and to encourage others to do the same. We fund some of the charitable contributions made under the program out of general corporate assets, and some of the charitable contributions with proceeds from life insurance policies we have purchased on some of the directors’ lives. We are the owner and beneficiary of these policies, and the directors have no rights to any policy benefits. Upon directors’ deaths, we receive these life insurance death benefits free of income tax, which provide a source from which we can be reimbursed for donations made under the program. Our cost of the life insurance premiums under the program is partially offset by tax deductions we take from making the charitable contributions. We allocate a proportional share of the cost of maintaining these policies during 2016 to each director eligible for the Directors’ Charitable Award Program in the above table under “All Other Compensation,” regardless of whether we purchased a life insurance policy with respect to each particular director.

Because we make the charitable contributions (and are entitled to the related deduction) and are the owner and the beneficiary of the life insurance policies, directors receive no direct financial benefit from this program. In the event the proceeds from any of these policies exceed the donations we are required to make under the program, we contribute the excess proceeds to the Norfolk Southern Foundation. Amounts the Norfolk Southern Foundation receives under this program may reduce what we otherwise would contribute from general corporate resources to support the Foundation’s activities.

Directors’ Physical Examinations. Before July 30, 2016, each non-employee director was entitled to reimbursement for a physical examination, up to $10,000 per calendar year. Two of our non-employee directors were entitled to reimbursement for such a physical examination, and this amount is included in “All Other Compensation” in the “2016 Non-Employee Director Compensation Table.”

Directors’ Restricted Stock Plan. Before 2015, each non-employee director received a grant of 3,000 shares of restricted stock upon election to the Board. Restricted stock is registered in the name of the director, who has the right to vote the shares and receive dividends, but restricted stock may not be sold, pledged or otherwise encumbered during the restriction period. The restriction period begins when the restricted stock is granted and ends on the earlier of death or the director ceasing to serve on the Board because of disability or retirement. Effective January 2015, the Board of Directors amended the Directors’ Restricted Stock Plan to provide that no additional awards will be made under the plan, and alternate awards will be made to new directors under the Long-Term Incentive Plan.

SHARE OWNERSHIP GUIDELINES FOR DIRECTORS
Our Board of Directors has established as part of our Corporate Governance Guidelines that each non-employee director should own shares of Norfolk Southern stock equal to at least five times the annual amount of quarterly fees paid for service on the Board and its standing committees. The Board of Directors believes this stock ownership guideline is reasonable and aligns director and shareholder interests. Norfolk Southern common stock, restricted stock, and deferred and restricted stock units held in Norfolk Southern’s Long-Term Incentive Plan or under the Directors’ Deferred Fee Plan count toward this guideline. Directors may acquire such holdings over a five-year period. All directors currently meet this guideline or are expected to meet the guideline within the five-year period.


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AUDIT COMMITTEE MATTERS

ITEM       RATIFICATION OF APPOINTMENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
2

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has appointed KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, to perform the integrated audit of our consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting for 2017. KPMG and its predecessors have been the Corporation’s external auditor since 1983.

Selection of KPMG. The Audit Committee is directly responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention, and oversight of the Corporation’s independent registered public accounting firm and consequently is involved in the selection of the lead audit partner for the engagement. In addition, the Audit Committee is responsible for negotiating and approving the fees paid to KPMG. In determining whether to reappoint KPMG this year, the Committee reviewed KPMG’s performance and independence and considered a number of factors, including:

the quality of its interactions and discussion with KPMG;

KPMG’s performance in the audit engagement;

the qualifications of the lead audit partner and audit team;

KPMG’s independence program and processes for maintaining independence;

KPMG’s expertise and global reach;

the length of time KPMG has been engaged; and

the potential impact of changing our independent registered public accounting firm.

Due to KPMG’s high quality performance and strong independence, the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors believe that the continued engagement of KPMG as the Corporation’s independent registered public accounting firm is in the best interests of the Corporation and its shareholders.

KPMG Fees. For the years ended December 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015, KPMG billed us for the following services:

      2016       2015
Audit Fees1 $ 2,616,000 $ 2,623,500
Audit-Related Fees2 $ 144,100 $ 144,100
Tax Fees3 $ 1,000 $ 286,205
All Other Fees $ 0 $ 0
Total Fees $ 2,761,100 $ 3,053,805
1 Audit Fees include fees for the audit of our consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting (integrated audit), the review of our consolidated financial statements included in our 10-Q filings, and services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.
2 Audit-Related Fees principally include fees for employee benefit plan audits and audits of subsidiaries and affiliates, and other attestation services.
3 Tax Fees consist of tax advice, planning, and consulting services.


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Pre-Approval Policy. The Audit Committee requires that management obtain the Committee’s prior approval for all audit and permissible non-audit services. The Committee considers and approves at each January meeting anticipated services to be provided during the year, as well as the projected fees for those services. The Committee considers and pre-approves additional services and projected fees as needed at each meeting. The Audit Committee has delegated authority to its Chair to pre-approve services between meetings, provided that the Chair reports any such pre-approval to the Audit Committee at its next meeting. The Audit Committee will not approve non-audit engagements that would violate SEC rules or impair the independence of our independent registered public accounting firm. All services rendered to us by KPMG in 2016 and 2015 were pre-approved in accordance with these procedures.

Representatives of KPMG are expected to attend the 2017 Annual Meeting, and will have the opportunity to make a statement if they so desire, and will be available to respond to appropriate questions.

The Audit Committee unanimously recommends, and the Board of Directors concurs, that shareholders vote FOR the proposal to ratify the appointment of KPMG as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2017.

AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT
Before our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, was filed with the SEC, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors reviewed and discussed with management our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016.

The Audit Committee has discussed with KPMG LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, the matters required to be discussed by PCAOB Auditing Standard No. 16, “Communications with Audit Committees.”

The Audit Committee also has received and reviewed the written disclosures and the letter from KPMG LLP required by applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding KPMG LLP’s communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence, and has discussed with KPMG LLP their independence.

Based on the review and discussions referred to above, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the financial statements referred to above be included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the SEC.

Members of the Audit Committee
 
 
Amy E. Miles, Chair
Robert A. Bradway
Marcela E. Donadio
Michael D. Lockhart
Martin H. Nesbitt
John R. Thompson


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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

ITEM       APPROVAL OF ADVISORY RESOLUTION ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
3

We are asking our shareholders to vote to support the compensation of Norfolk Southern’s Named Executive Officers, as disclosed in this proxy statement. Our executive compensation program is described in detail in the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” beginning on page 30 and our “Executive Compensation Tables” beginning on page 45. This vote is not intended to address any specific item of compensation, but rather the overall compensation of Norfolk Southern’s Named Executive Officers and the philosophy, policies, and practices described in this proxy statement. While this “Say-on-Pay” vote is advisory, and therefore not binding on the Board, the Compensation Committee will consider the results of the vote in evaluating our executive compensation program in the future.

As more fully described in our Compensation Discussion and Analysis, Norfolk Southern’s executive compensation program is designed to align executives’ compensation with the Corporation’s overall business strategies, attract and retain highly qualified executives, and provide incentives that drive shareholder value. Accordingly, the compensation program consists of a mix of the following compensation components that the Committee believes best serves to achieve those objectives:

2016 CEO Target Total Compensation Mix 2016 Other NEOs Target Total Compensation Mix1


      Long-Term Incentive Awards Annual Incentive Salary
 
Target longer-term achievement of corporate objectives by aligning interest of executives with shareholders
Include performance shares that are earned over a 3-year performance cycle, stock options and time-based restricted stock units
See page 40 for further details
Compensate executives based on achievement of annual corporate goals
Earn based on performance against financial, operational and service metrics
See page 38 for further details
Help attract and retain executives
Provide a fixed level of compensation
See page 38 for further details
      1 Average for Ms. Stewart, Ms. Earhart, Mr. Shaw and Mr. Wheeler. Omitted from this table are Mr. Hixon and Mr. Manion because they retired during 2016.

Under the direction of our Compensation Committee, our executive compensation program emphasizes performance-based compensation, including compensation that is contingent upon performance conditions or subsequent stock price appreciation. The Committee considers the annual cash incentive, long-term performance share units, and stock options to be performance-based awards. The annual cash incentive and performance share units are at risk of having no value unless threshold goals are achieved, and the stock options are at risk of having no value unless our stock price appreciates.


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The Committee believes such performance-based compensation creates a strong alignment between the interests of our executive officers and our shareholders. In 2016, our Chief Executive Officer’s target compensation was 78% performance-based, and the other Named Executive Officers’ target compensation was on average 67.5% performance-based.

The Committee establishes financial, operating and network performance measures for the annual cash incentive, and financial and stock performance criteria for our performance share unit (PSU) long-term stock incentive, and establishes challenging goals that must be met for threshold, target or maximum payouts to be awarded. For the annual and long-term incentives that ended in 2016, the results were as follows:

2016 Annual Incentive: Our Named Executive Officers earned 35.8% of their annual cash incentive opportunity based on achieving above-target performance levels for the operating ratio and the composite service measure. The threshold performance measure was not met for the operating income portion of the annual cash incentive for 2016, so no award was earned for the portion of the annual incentive corresponding to this performance metric.

2014-2016 PSU Performance Cycle: A 43.0% payout was achieved for the 3-year cycle, based on performance against goals that were established in January 2014 for two equally weighted metrics, return on average invested capital and relative total shareholder return.

The Committee grants stock options with a ten-year term, providing incentives to our executives to promote long-term shareholder interests. Stock options are inextricably linked to the creation of shareholder value, since options generate value for executives when Norfolk Southern creates value for shareholders through price appreciation.

In 2016, the Committee also granted an accelerated turnaround incentive (ATI) that will pay out only if Norfolk Southern accelerates achievement of its five-year strategic plan goals for operating ratio and earnings per share. The award was granted in the form of a PSU with a three-year term and targeting the 2020 strategic plan goals of an operating ratio below 65 and double digit compound annual growth in earnings per share before 2020.

Shareholders have repeatedly expressed strong support for Norfolk Southern’s executive compensation program. We regularly engage in a shareholder outreach program to solicit feedback concerning our executive compensation program. This process allows shareholders to provide input to the Compensation Committee on our executive compensation program and disclosure beyond the annual advisory vote on compensation. In the meetings held during 2016, shareholders expressed satisfaction with Norfolk Southern’s compensation program and with our disclosures related to the program in the proxy statement.

SHAREHOLDER SUPPORT FOR NORFOLK SOUTHERN’S EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION PROGRAM
The Board of Directors and its Compensation Committee believe the compensation program for the Named Executive Officers is appropriately designed to support Norfolk Southern’s goals. Since this advisory vote was first held in 2011, shareholders have agreed, as they have strongly supported our executive compensation program with 94% or more of the votes cast each year in favor of our executive compensation program.

Historical “Say-on-Pay” Voting Results (For)



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We therefore ask that you express your support by voting FOR the following advisory resolution:

RESOLVED, that the shareholders of Norfolk Southern Corporation approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of the individuals identified in the Summary Compensation Table, as disclosed in the proxy statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders pursuant to the compensation disclosure rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, the 2016 Summary Compensation Table and the other related tables and disclosures.

The Board of Directors unanimously recommends that shareholders vote FOR the advisory resolution approving the compensation of our Named Executive Officers.

COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT
The Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors oversees the executive compensation program on behalf of the Board. In fulfilling its oversight responsibilities, we reviewed and discussed with management the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” set forth in this proxy statement.

The Compensation Discussion and Analysis discloses the material elements of Norfolk Southern’s executive compensation program. We are committed to a compensation program that is designed to align executives’ compensation with Norfolk Southern’s overall business strategies, attract and retain highly qualified executives, and provide incentives that drive shareholder value. The Compensation Discussion and Analysis describes how our decisions regarding Norfolk Southern’s executive compensation program for 2016 implemented these design elements.

In reliance on the review and discussions with management referred to above, we recommended to the Board that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in Norfolk Southern’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, and our proxy statement to be filed in connection with our 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, each of which will be filed with the SEC.

Members of the Compensation Committee
 
Daniel A. Carp, Chair
Thomas D. Bell, Jr.
Erskine B. Bowles
Wesley G. Bush
Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr.
Steven F. Leer


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COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
This Compensation Discussion and Analysis describes the objectives, governance and policies that guide our executive compensation program, the compensation components that made up that program during 2016, and the performance goals and results.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OUR EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION PROGRAM
The following chart summarizes the key characteristics and performance measures that apply to the compensation program for our Named Executive Officers:

Element   Form   Key Characteristics & Performance Metrics
 

Base
Salary

Fixed Cash

Reviewed annually and periodically adjusted based on market data, individual performance and experience, changes in position or duties or other circumstances
 

Annual
Incentive

Performance
Based Cash

Designed to compensate executives based on achievement of annual corporate performance goals
Performance metrics chosen to encourage employees to do all they can individually and as a team to increase revenue, reduce expenses and improve operating performance
Performance metrics for 2016:
 

Long-Term
Incentive
Awards

Performance
Share Units
(50%)

Performance measures chosen to promote enhancement of shareholder value and efficient utilization of corporate assets
Performance metrics for 2016:
Vests at the end of a 3-year period if 3-year performance goals are achieved
 

Stock Options
(35%)

Provides ability to retain key employees and at the same time increase shareholder value
Vests on the 4th anniversary of the date of grant
 

Restricted Stock
Units (15%)

Serves as a key retention tool for valued members of management
Vests on the 5th anniversary of the date of grant

2016 COMPENSATION ALIGNMENT
At Norfolk Southern, our Compensation Committee aligns compensation to performance by emphasizing performance-based compensation components. These components include an annual cash incentive, long-term performance share units with a 3-year cycle, and stock options.

In January 2016, Norfolk Southern announced its five-year strategic plan to streamline the Corporation’s operations and drive profitability and growth. Under the strategic plan, Norfolk Southern’s goal was to achieve an operating ratio below 70 in 2016, and is to achieve an operating ratio less than 65 by 2020 and double-digit annual earnings per share growth by 2020, along with focused capital investment to support long-term value creation and significant return of capital to shareholders. Norfolk Southern is intensely focused on executing these initiatives to drive long-term shareholder value.

As described in the “Business Highlights” beginning on page 5, Norfolk Southern’s five-year strategic plan goals already have shown results in 2016, including a record operating ratio for the year of 68.9%, strong diluted earnings per share growth of 10% as compared with 2015 to $5.62, and service improvements as reflected by a 8% improvement in our composite service metric as compared with 2015. These annual results were achieved in spite of economic headwinds,


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including a weak commodity market, and decreased revenues resulting from ongoing adverse traffic mix changes associated with increased intermodal and decreased coal volumes. While revenues were 6% lower than 2015, our focus on cost control and asset utilization allowed us to lower expenses by 11%, achieving a 7% increase in net income.

The Committee is committed to tying executives’ annual and long-term incentive compensation to Norfolk Southern’s performance and strategic plan goals.

Annual Incentive. Norfolk Southern exceeded the 2016 target goals for operating ratio and the composite service measure and did not meet the threshold goal for operating income, resulting in a payout of 35.8% of the annual incentive opportunity for the Named Executive Officers.

Performance Share Units. Our Named Executive Officers earned 43.0% of performance share units for the 3-year cycle ending in 2016, based on equally weighted goals for total shareholder return (TSR) and after-tax return on average invested capital. We achieved a 50% payout for TSR for the three-year cycle, and a payout of 36.0% for after-tax return on average invested capital reflecting our strong 2014 revenues and decreasing 2015 and 2016 revenues in light of ongoing traffic mix changes and deteriorating economic conditions.

LEADING COMPENSATION GOVERNANCE PRACTICES
Embedded in our overall executive compensation program are features that reflect leading governance principles and demonstrate our commitment to best practices in executive compensation:

We Do       We Do Not Do
Stock Ownership Guidelines, for CEO – 5 times annual salary; for EVPs – 3 times annual salary
 
Pledging or hedging of Norfolk Southern securities
Clawback provisions in both annual and long-term incentives
Stock option repricing, reloads or exchanges without shareholder approval
Directly link the Corporation’s performance, including the Corporation’s stock-price performance, to pay outcomes
 
Stock options granted below fair market value, as all stock options are priced during an open window period after the release of earnings
Disclose metrics for annual and long-term incentives earned
Tax gross-ups on perquisites, or excise tax gross-ups on change-in-control benefits
Independent compensation consultant that is hired by and reports directly to the Compensation Committee
 
Individual employment agreements or individual supplemental retirement plans
Annual Say-on-Pay vote
Single trigger change-in-control agreements

KEY 2016 COMPENSATION DECISIONS
As the Compensation Committee continues its focus on aligning executives’ compensation with Norfolk Southern’s strategic plan goals and overall business strategies, attracting and retaining highly qualified executives, and providing incentives that drive shareholder value, the Committee made the following key decisions with respect to executive compensation for 2016:

Established Challenging 2016 Annual Incentive Performance Targets. In January 2016, the Committee set challenging financial, operating and service targets which, if met, would have produced a 65% annual incentive payout. In establishing performance targets for 2016, the Committee considered:

Norfolk Southern’s continued challenging business environment;

weaker than expected economic growth in 2015;

the change in Norfolk Southern’s traffic mix;

weak commodity markets; and

overall economic factors in the rail industry.



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The Committee determined that the performance levels that it established for the 2015 annual incentive, which had resulted in no annual incentive payout in 2015, had proved unattainable in the face of these formidable economic and business conditions that were not within Norfolk Southern’s control.
 

Given the high bar the Committee established in 2015, and in consideration of these macroeconomic challenges, the Committee:
 

decreased the performance necessary to achieve a payout at the threshold, target and maximum levels for operating income and the composite service metric and decreased the target and maximum levels for operating ratio, as compared with the 2015 metrics;

increased the performance necessary for the threshold level to achieve a payout for the operating ratio as compared with the 2015 metric; and

established 2016 annual incentive goals so that if Norfolk Southern’s 2016 performance had equaled its 2015 performance, there would not be any payout for the 2016 annual incentive, thereby setting challenging 2016 performance targets.

 
Against these challenging performance measures, Norfolk Southern achieved a 35.8% payout of its 2016 annual incentive. That payout was below the targeted 65% and below the ten-year average annual incentive payout of 56.2% for a second consecutive year.

Established Compensation for CEO. Mr. Squires was appointed as the new Chief Executive Officer in mid-2015, and the Committee established his 2016 compensation based on his first full year in the position. The Committee’s 2016 compensation award for Mr. Squires provided 73% of his targeted compensation in the form of equity-based awards that are aligned with shareholder interests, and 78% as performance-based compensation.

Granted Long-Term Incentive Awards That Are Performance-Based. The Committee continued to grant annual long-term incentive awards, the majority of which consist of options and performance share units, whose ultimate value is based on shareholder return and which may not have any value at the end of the performance or vesting period.

In addition to these annual long-term incentive awards, the Committee granted a three-year, accelerated turnaround incentive in the form of performance share units that will payout only if Norfolk Southern accelerates accomplishment of its five-year strategic plan goals for both operating ratio and earnings per share before 2020, reflecting Norfolk Southern’s need to both drive growth and control costs during that time period.


Reviewed Perquisites and Discontinued Reimbursement for Tax Preparation and Financial Planning. After reviewing perquisite practices, the Committee discontinued the reimbursement for tax preparation and financial counseling services for the executive officers for services rendered after July 2016.


OUR 2016 NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Name Position
James A. Squires Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Marta R. Stewart Executive Vice President Finance and Chief Financial Officer
Cynthia C. Earhart Executive Vice President Administration and Chief Information Officer
Alan H. Shaw Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer
Michael J. Wheeler Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer
James A. Hixon Former Executive Vice President Law and Corporate Relations
Mark D. Manion Former Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer

OBJECTIVES OF COMPENSATION PROGRAM
Norfolk Southern’s executive compensation program is primarily designed to:

Align executives’ compensation with overall business strategies.

Attract and retain highly qualified executives.

Provide incentives that drive shareholder value.



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COMPENSATION GOVERNANCE
The Compensation Committee works closely with its independent compensation consultant throughout the year to develop the executive compensation program and to align pay with performance and with pay at comparable companies. While the Compensation Committee discusses current and proposed compensation structures with management, the Committee acts independently of management and has the full authority to retain any advisors it deems appropriate to assist it in making these decisions.

USE OF INDEPENDENT COMPENSATION CONSULTANT
The Committee engaged an independent compensation consultant, Pay Governance LLC, to provide executive compensation consulting services during 2016. Pay Governance does not provide services to Norfolk Southern other than those provided at the request of the Committee.

At the Committee’s request, Pay Governance compiled compensation data for the peer group selected by the Committee. Pay Governance also provided requested reports and information to the Committee. Pay Governance attended Committee meetings as requested by the Committee. The Committee used the information provided by Pay Governance as a starting point for its compensation decisions.

More specifically, in 2016, Pay Governance:

conducted a market pay assessment of Norfolk Southern’s compensation levels relative to both the competitive market and Norfolk Southern’s compensation philosophy, including identifying and reviewing available market benchmark positions and pay data;

assisted Norfolk Southern with the development of long-term incentive grant guidelines for the officer and management groups, based on Pay Governance’s competitive pay assessment;

reviewed emerging trends and issues in executive compensation with the Committee and discussed the implications for Norfolk Southern; and

provided an analysis of the difficulty of achieving the threshold, target and maximum performance goals for the annual incentive and the performance share units, and of the current plans’ effectiveness in driving achievement of threshold, target, and maximum payouts.

For 2016 and 2017, following a review of its records and policies, Pay Governance provided the Compensation Committee with a report regarding its conformance with independence factors under applicable SEC rules and the listing standards of the NYSE. The Committee considered the independence factors and determined that Pay Governance is independent and free from potential conflicts of interest.

PERFORMANCE REVIEWS
The Committee annually reviews the performance of the Chief Executive Officer and considers this performance when establishing his compensation package. The Committee also reviews the performance of the other Named Executive Officers with the assistance of the Chief Executive Officer, and considers both its own assessment of the executives’ performance and the assessment of the CEO in establishing a compensation package for the other Named Executive Officers.

COMMITTEE CONSIDERATION OF MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
Management does not make recommendations on the compensation of the Chief Executive Officer. Pay Governance makes recommendations to the Committee on any adjustments to compensation for the Chief Executive Officer, and the Chief Executive Officer is not present when the Committee makes decisions on his compensation package.

The Chief Executive Officer and the Executive Vice President Administration and Chief Information Officer provide recommendations to the Compensation Committee on any adjustments to compensation for the Named Executive Officers, other than the Chief Executive Officer. Such adjustments are based on each individual’s performance, level of responsibility, time in position, and internal pay equity.


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In addition to individual adjustments, the Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President Administration and Chief Information Officer provide recommendations to the Committee on adjustments to compensation to address retention needs, performance goals, market pay equity, overall corporate performance, and general economic conditions. While the Committee considers the recommendations of management in these areas, it makes compensation decisions independently after considering Pay Governance’s recommendations.

CONSIDERATION OF SHAREHOLDER ADVISORY VOTE ON COMPENSATION AND SHAREHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
At Norfolk Southern’s 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, approximately 94% of the votes cast supported the advisory resolution on the compensation of our Named Executive Officers. The Committee compared the results of the advisory vote to its peer group average results and the average results amongst the S&P 500 companies. The Committee viewed the results of the advisory vote as demonstrating broad shareholder support for our current executive compensation program. Given the results of the shareholder advisory vote and the Committee’s ongoing review of Norfolk Southern’s compensation programs, the Committee believes that our existing compensation program effectively aligns the interests of the Named Executive Officers with Norfolk Southern’s long-term goals. While the shareholder vote on compensation is advisory in nature, the Board and Compensation Committee will carefully consider the results of any such vote in future compensation decisions.

Norfolk Southern engages in a shareholder outreach program with our institutional investors to solicit feedback concerning our executive compensation program, and this shareholder feedback is reported to the Committee and the Board for consideration. This process allows shareholders to provide input to the Compensation Committee on our executive compensation program and disclosure beyond the annual advisory vote on compensation. In response to specific concerns expressed by shareholders during these discussions, the Committee has taken several actions over the past years to enhance the design of, and disclosure about, our executive compensation program. Overall in these meetings our shareholders have expressed strong support for the compensation program and view it as aligning with performance.

COMPENSATION POLICIES
In setting compensation for the Named Executive Officers, our Compensation Committee considers:

each officer’s performance, experience, qualifications, responsibilities, and tenure;

current and historical salary levels, targeted annual incentive opportunities and long-term incentive awards;

expected corporate performance and general economic conditions; and

comparative market data, provided by the independent compensation consultant, for other North American Class I railroads, as a guideline. The Committee considers total direct compensation (salary plus annual incentive plus the expected value of long-term incentive awards) relative to the 50th percentile for the Chief Executive Officer and the other Named Executive Officers as compared to the peer group.

The Committee does not consider amounts realized from prior performance-based or stock-based compensation awards when setting the current year’s target total direct compensation, regardless of whether such realized amounts may have resulted in a higher or a lower payout than targeted in prior years. Since the nature and purpose of performance-based and stock-based compensation is to tie executives’ compensation to future performance, the Committee believes that considering amounts realized from prior compensation awards in making current compensation decisions is inconsistent with this purpose.

PEER GROUP
Our Compensation Committee monitors the continuing appropriateness of its selection of the peer group companies. The Committee believes its focus should be on ensuring the peer group includes the other North American Class I railroads because Norfolk Southern is primarily in competition with those companies for key executive talent. As a result, the Committee determined that reference to the pay levels at the other North American Class I railroads was the most relevant comparator for the Named Executive Officers. The North American Class I railroads that make up the peer group companies for 2016 (“Peer Group Companies”) are: BNSF Railway, Canadian National Railway, Canadian Pacific Railway, CSX, Kansas City Southern, and Union Pacific.


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Our Committee applies its executive compensation policies consistently to all Named Executive Officers, and the application of these policies produces differing amounts of compensation for each officer based on his or her responsibilities and tenure as compared to the compensation set for comparable positions by the Peer Group Companies. In setting the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation, the Committee strives to balance comparative market data for chief executive officers of Peer Group Companies with its goal to provide incentive opportunities that are significantly performance-based and thus designed to drive shareholder value. Because the Chief Executive Officer’s job carries the highest level of responsibility and has the greatest ability to drive shareholder value, his total compensation contains a higher performance-based component than that of the other Named Executive Officers.

COMPENSATION COMPONENTS
OVERVIEW
Our Compensation Committee has designed a balanced compensation program that provides our Named Executive Officers with an appropriate base salary along with competitive annual and long-term incentive compensation. The program directly links executives’ compensation to Norfolk Southern’s strategic goals and financial performance, and thus aligns their interests with those of our shareholders. Norfolk Southern’s total compensation for its Named Executive Officers is weighted heavily toward performance-based incentive compensation, rather than base salary, so that a substantial portion of targeted executive compensation aligns with shareholder interests.

2016 CEO Target Total Compensation Mix*


* PSU component does not include accelerated turnaround incentive (ATI) awards granted as PSUs, as no value is assigned to those awards as assessed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718.


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2016 Average Target Total Compensation Mix for Continuing NEOs*


*

Reflects the average percentage of target compensation for Ms. Stewart, Ms. Earhart, Mr. Shaw and Mr. Wheeler. PSU component does not include accelerated turnaround incentive (ATI) awards granted as PSUs, as no value is assigned to those awards as assessed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718.

In setting executives’ total direct compensation and the compensation component mix, the Committee considers the advice of its independent compensation consultant and then makes its own judgments to determine appropriate compensation levels and mix. The Committee considers each executive’s performance, role, time in position and internal pay equity. In addition, the Committee uses market data of the Peer Group Companies when available as a reference point for determining the appropriate compensation, considering where the expected total direct compensation for the upcoming year falls relative to the 50th percentile for the Chief Executive Officer and the other Named Executive Officers. In making its final determinations, the Committee generally gives greater consideration to comparable market data and performance for seasoned incumbents and to factors such as tenure and internal pay equity for those newer in their role.

After considering the available market data and other considerations, at the beginning of 2016, the Committee:

determined that the total direct compensation targets for Mr. Squires, Ms. Stewart, Ms. Earhart, Mr. Hixon, and Mr. Manion were appropriate, and therefore did not change any components of their total direct compensation for 2016; and

established the total direct compensation targets for Mr. Shaw and Mr. Wheeler as a result of their promotion to the Executive Vice President level.



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For 2016, the portion of total direct compensation awarded as total cash compensation versus long-term incentive compensation was approximately:


* Mr. Hixon and Mr. Manion are omitted from this table because they retired during 2016. No value is assigned to accelerated turnaround incentive (ATI) awards granted as PSUs, as assessed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718

Our Committee further considers the portion of total direct compensation to be awarded as long-term compensation and how the long-term portion should be allocated among stock options, performance share units, and restricted stock units. This allocation is based on general market practices, compensation trends, governance practices, and business issues facing Norfolk Southern. In making this determination, the Committee takes into account the potential dilutive effect of stock-based awards, including guidance on these measures from proxy advisory services, and further considers the purpose behind each element of long-term compensation and how the allocation among these elements will support its overall compensation objectives. For 2016, the Committee retained the same percentage allocation of awards as was granted in 2015, with the exception of the accelerated turnaround incentive awards granted in 2016 in the form of PSUs and a stock option award granted to Mr. Squires in June 2015 upon his appointment to the position of Chief Executive Officer.

2016 Target Mix of Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards for Executive Officers*


* PSU component does not include accelerated turnaround incentive (ATI) awards granted as PSUs as no value is assigned to those awards as assessed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718.


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SALARIES
The Board establishes competitive base salaries for our executive officers to attract and retain key executive talent. Our Compensation Committee reviews the Named Executive Officers’ base salaries annually and periodically makes recommendations to Norfolk Southern’s Board of Directors to adjust salaries based on market data, individual performance and experience, changes in position or duties, or for other circumstances.

After the Committee’s annual salary review in January 2016, the Committee recommended increases in Mr. Shaw’s and Mr. Wheeler’s salaries for 2016, and the Board approved these changes. Mr. Wheeler’s salary increase was effective in February 2016, effective as of his promotion to Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. The Committee did not recommend any adjustments to Mr. Squires’, Ms. Stewart’s, Ms. Earhart’s, Mr. Hixon’s or Mr. Manion’s salaries for 2016, as the Committee determined that those salaries were appropriate.

ANNUAL INCENTIVE
Each of our Named Executive Officers participates in Norfolk Southern’s Executive Management Incentive Plan (“EMIP”), which is designed to compensate executives based on achievement of annual corporate performance goals. Each year, the Compensation Committee establishes a maximum opportunity for each Named Executive Officer. The maximum opportunity is determined using relevant market data and internal pay equity, and is expressed as a percentage of base salary:

                    Company
Payout
Percentage
Earned
Annual
Base
Salary
      X         Maximum
Opportunity
       

Committee’s
Discretionary
Adjustment

        X      
                           

For 2016, the Committee established a maximum opportunity for the Chief Executive Officer of 250% of base salary and a maximum opportunity for each of the Executive Vice Presidents of 145% of his or her base salary. The maximum annual incentive award that each Named Executive Officer is eligible to receive is not the amount expected to be paid to an executive, but is instead the highest amount that the Committee may award as performance-based compensation while preserving deductibility under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Committee has no discretion to increase the payout above the maximum opportunity under the EMIP. The Committee chose these maximum opportunities to permit flexibility in the event of unusual and exceptional circumstances, and its expectation, absent such circumstances, was to approve payouts that correspond to a 225% opportunity for the Chief Executive Officer and a 135% opportunity for Executive Vice Presidents to align more closely with market pay positions. As described earlier, the Committee established performance targets which, if met, would result in payments equal to 146% and 88%, respectively (which equals in each case 65% of the respective annual incentive opportunity).

The Committee may reduce the annual incentive paid to any executive based on performance. For 2016, the Committee did not make any adjustments to the annual incentive payout based on individual performance, and approved payouts to Mr. Squires based on a 225% opportunity and to the Executive Vice presidents based on a 135% opportunity. The annual incentive amounts paid for 2016 and reported as “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” in the Summary Compensation Table are based on the formula described below applied to these opportunities.

Under EMIP, each participant has an opportunity to earn an annual incentive that is determined by Norfolk Southern’s performance relative to goals established by the Committee. In 2016, the Committee established goals for operating income, operating ratio, and the composite service measure, weighted 50%, 35% and 15% respectively.

The Committee selected operating income, consisting of operating revenue less the sum of operating expenses, as a measure of the corporation’s financial profitability. Operating ratio, or operating expenses as a percentage of revenue, is a measure of operational efficiency.

The composite service measure is the weighted average of train performance, connection performance, and adherence to operating plan, with weights of 40%, 30% and 30% respectively. Each measure is based on objective performance targets, and the composite service measure is based on goals for each of the three individual service measures. The composite service measure is an indication of the overall performance of our rail network and reflects service performance to our customers. These measures are used operationally by management and are highly visible to our employees. As a result, the Committee selected these three service measures as the best available internal standard to evaluate Norfolk Southern’s overall customer service performance.


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The portions of the annual incentive based on operating income, operating ratio and the composite service measure each vest independently, so it is possible to earn an annual incentive by achieving the threshold on only one of these metrics. The Committee selected these metrics for 2016 because it believed that use of such metrics encourages employees to do all they can individually and as a team to increase revenue, reduce expenses, and improve operating performance.

The Committee sets performance levels required to achieve 100% of the annual incentive opportunity so that the full amount is only earned in years where our results are exceptional. Performance levels required to achieve target payout at the 65% level are set at levels considered challenging with a reasonable likelihood of being achieved and that represent strong levels of performance based on Norfolk Southern’s overall business outlook, general economic conditions expected during the performance year and long-term strategic plan. Performance levels for the operating ratio and operating income measures are established based on the annual financial plan approved by the Board at the beginning of the year. The performance levels for the composite service measure are selected by the Committee based on management recommendations and reflect rigorous operational goals.

For 2016, the Committee set the following threshold, target and maximum payouts for the annual incentive:

 
If Norfolk Southern achieved only one of each threshold performance measure listed below, then a threshold payout of:     If Norfolk Southern achieved the target or maximum performance measures listed below, then a payout of:
Operating Income                      Threshold                                Target               Maximum    
Outcome     $3.140   $3.378 ≥ 3.600
Payout     18.5%     64% 100%      
  or       and and  
Operating ratio   Threshold     Target Maximum
Outcome 69.9%   69.1% ≤ 68.5%
Payout   13.0% 66% 100%
or     and and
Composite Service Measure Threshold Target Maximum
Outcome 72.5% 79.0% ≥ 81.8%
Payout 4.5% 67% 100%
 

The dollar amounts corresponding to the above-listed threshold, target and maximum opportunities for each of the Named Executive Officers can be found in the “Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table.”

For each of the three performance measures, the Committee sets performance levels and resulting payouts at intervals between the threshold, target and maximum. In establishing the performance measures for the annual incentive for 2016, the Committee considered Norfolk Southern’s continued challenging business environment and the goals of the five-year strategic plan. The Committee determined that Norfolk Southern’s 2016 expectations for decreased revenues were due to a challenging economic environment and thus, as compared with 2015, decreased the performance necessary to achieve any payout for the operating income metric, and the performance necessary to achieve the target and maximum payout levels for the operating ratio metric. The Committee further recognized that the change in Norfolk Southern’s traffic mix made it more difficult to achieve prior service levels and therefore, as compared with 2015, decreased the performance necessary to achieve a payout under the composite service metric. The Committee also considered Norfolk Southern’s need to aggressively control costs and to be in line with the strategic plan goals and increased the threshold performance necessary to achieve a payout for operating ratio as compared with 2015. Finally, the Committee increased the risk for below-target performance by narrowing the scale between the threshold and targets for the operating income and operating ratio measures. The 2016 performance targets remained challenging because if Norfolk Southern’s 2016 performance had equaled its 2015 performance, there would not have been any payout for the 2016 annual incentive.


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The final percentage for the annual incentive is calculated using a weighted average of the payouts for each performance measure as illustrated below:

Operating Income
(billions)
50%
Operating Ratio
35%
Composite Service
Measure
15%
OI        Payout        OR        Payout CSM        Payout
$3.600 100% 68.5% 100% 81.8%   100%
$3.500   78% 68.8% 78% 80.3% 78%
$3.378 64% 69.1% 66%   79.0% 67%
$3.270 55% 69.5% 55% 76.6% 52%
$3.14 37% 69.9% 37% 72.5% 30%
<$3.14 0% >69.9% 0% <72.5% 0%

Actual results for the year were applied to each schedule to determine the earned 2016 award, as detailed below:

Performance Metric       Performance       % of Award Earned       Component Weighting       Subtotal
Operating Income (billions)   $3.074   0%   50%   0%
Operating Ratio 68.9% 70% 35% 24.5%
Composite Service Measure   80.0%   75%   15%   11.3%
Total (rounded)   35.8%

Under the terms of the Executive Management Incentive Plan, the annual incentive paid to any individual executive under the plan will not exceed the lesser of three-tenths of one percent of Norfolk Southern’s income from railway operations for the incentive year or ten million dollars.

LONG-TERM INCENTIVE AWARDS
Norfolk Southern believes the most effective means to achieve long-term corporate performance is to align the interests of our Named Executive Officers with shareholders. The Committee achieves this alignment by granting equity-based awards that are earned based on continued employment, and at least half of which vest on achievement of predetermined performance goals. The Compensation Committee believes that the use of long-term incentive compensation for executives reinforces their focus on the importance of returns to shareholders, promotes achievement of long-term performance goals, and encourages executive retention.

In January 2016, the Committee allocated its annual long-term incentive awards 50% as performance share units, 35% as stock options, and 15% as restricted stock units. Executives were required to enter into an agreement not to engage in competing employment as a condition of receiving the 2016 award. Subsequently, the Committee made an award of performance share units in February 2016 intended to incent accelerated achievement of Norfolk Southern’s five-year plan strategic goals.

Performance Share Units. Norfolk Southern uses performance share units to reward the achievement of performance goals over a 3-year period. Performance share units settle in shares of Norfolk Southern common stock after the Committee certifies the extent to which the performance goals were attained. At the time of grant, Norfolk Southern uses the estimated grant date fair values of the performance share unit awards for market comparison purposes.

For 2016, the Committee established performance goals at the time of grant for two equally weighted criteria: after-tax return on average invested capital and a total shareholder return measure. Vesting of one-half of the shares is based on after-tax return on average invested capital, which the Committee believes is an important indicator to shareholders of a capital-intensive company such as Norfolk Southern. Vesting of the other half of the shares is based on Norfolk Southern’s total shareholder return as compared with the shareholder return of the other publicly-traded North American Class I railroads and a secondary measure based on a comparison of Norfolk Southern’s shareholder return to the S&P 500, with each shareholder return measurement reflecting the return over the entire 3-year period. The Committee capped the earnout for the TSR goal at the 50% target when the 3-year TSR is negative, regardless of whether Norfolk Southern has outperformed its peer group on a relative basis, to better align payout with shareholder returns. Each half


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of performance share units granted vests independently of the other half and its respective performance metrics. The Committee believes that the use of the metrics described above promotes the enhancement of shareholder value and efficient utilization of corporate assets.

For the 2014-2016 performance cycle, the performance criteria and resulting earn-out percentages are as follows:

Performance Metric               % of PSUs Earned
2014-2016
NS Three-Year Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) vs. North American
Class I Railroads#



*Minimum 40% earnout if NS TSR > median S&P 500 TSR for 3-year period
#Ranking excludes any Class I Railroad that is not publicly traded
1st 100%
2nd 75%
3rd 50%
4th 25%*
  5th   0%*
6th 0%*
Three-Year Average After-Tax Return on Average Invested Capital ≥12% 100%
11.650% 75%
8.875% 25%
<8.5% 0%

The earned award for the 2014-2016 performance cycle was determined as follows:

Performance Metric Performance % of
Award
Earned
Three-Year Total Shareholder Return vs. North American Class I Railroads 3rd       50%
Three-Year Average After-Tax Return on Average Invested Capital 9.7% 36.0%
Total (sum of % of Award Earned divided by 2 for one-half weighting of each of the components) 43.0%

Stock Options. Norfolk Southern believes that use of stock options provides us with the ability to retain key employees and at the same time increase shareholder value since the value of the options is only realized if our stock price increases from the date on which the options are granted. For 2016, the Committee maintained a four-year cliff-vesting period to encourage retention of key employees and awarded dividend equivalent payments on options during the four-year vesting period. The value of the option awarded is adjusted to recognize the effect of the dividend equivalents.

The Committee has never issued backdated option grants. Options are priced on the effective date of the grant at the higher of (i) the closing price or (ii) the average of the high and low price on the effective date of the grant. In addition, the Long-Term Incentive Plan prohibits repricing of outstanding stock options without the approval of shareholders.

We grant nonqualified stock options annually at the regularly scheduled January meeting of the Compensation Committee. The Committee approves all option grants at the level of Vice President and above. Under the terms of the Long-Term Incentive Plan, the effective date of the grant is the first day of the trading window during which executives are permitted to trade in Norfolk Southern’s securities following the release of Norfolk Southern’s financial results for the prior year. This establishes a prospective effective date to price the options.

Restricted Stock Units. Norfolk Southern believes that the use of time-based restricted stock units serves as a key retention tool for valued members of management. For 2016, the Committee granted restricted stock units that vest on the fifth anniversary of the date of grant and which settle in whole shares of Norfolk Southern common stock.

Accelerated Turnaround Incentives. The Committee established a special performance share unit award in February 2016, called the “Accelerated Turnaround Incentive” or “ATI”. The ATI PSU program provides an additional incentive for early achievement of the operational and financial goals that are tied to Norfolk Southern’s five-year strategic plan. Norfolk Southern’s efforts to drive increased shareholder value under the five-year strategic plan include:

an operating ratio below 65 by 2020; and  

double digit compound annual growth rate in earnings per share by 2020.



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The ATI PSU measure is based solely on the 2018 results for operating ratio and diluted earnings per share. The Committee established performance goals for operating ratio and diluted earnings per share as equally weighted performance criteria with earnouts as follows if the strategic plan goals are achieved in 2018:

Threshold       No payout of the ATI PSUs will be made unless at least the target level is achieved.
Target If five-year strategic plan year 2019 goals for both operating ratio and diluted earnings per share results are achieved in 2018, then 50% of ATI PSUs will be earned.
Maximum If five-year strategic plan year 2020 operating ratio and diluted earnings per share goals are achieved in 2018, then 100% of ATI PSUs will be earned.

The payout is interpolated between the target and maximum levels. Therefore, if at least the target goal is achieved for diluted earnings per share and for operating ratio, but the maximum performance for either is not achieved, the earnout will be based on an evenly interpolated value between 50% and 100% for the measure. ATI PSUs that are earned, if any, will settle in shares of Norfolk Southern common stock in 2019 after the Committee certifies the extent to which the performance goals were achieved.

The Committee established the number of Performance Share Units for the award based on the stock price on the date of grant and a target value of $1 million for the award for the Chief Executive Officer and a target value of $500,000 for the awards for the Executive Vice Presidents. No value is assigned to the ATI PSUs in the Stock Awards column of the Summary Compensation Table or the Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table because of the unlikelihood of achieving the threshold measure as assessed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718.

RETIREMENT PLANS AND PROGRAMS
Norfolk Southern believes that its Retirement Plan and Supplemental Benefit Plan provide it with the ability to retain key employees over a longer period. Norfolk Southern sponsors a qualified defined benefit pension plan that provides a benefit based on age, service and a percentage of final average compensation. Norfolk Southern also sponsors a nonqualified supplemental benefit plan that restores the retirement benefit for amounts in excess of the Internal Revenue Code limitations for tax-qualified retirement plans, provides a retirement benefit for salary or annual incentive that is deferred under Norfolk Southern’s deferred compensation plans, and allows for possible use in providing enhanced retirement benefits for certain executives. In addition to supporting the goal to retain key employees, the Committee believes the supplemental benefit plan also recognizes, rewards and encourages contributions by its key employees and maintains internal equity by ensuring that pension benefit levels are based on relative compensation levels of each participant. Further information on the Retirement Plan and Supplemental Benefit Plan may be found in the “Narrative to Pension Benefits Table.”

Norfolk Southern maintains the Executives’ Deferred Compensation Plan (the “EDCP”) for the benefit of the Named Executive Officers and certain other employees. The purpose of the EDCP is to provide executives with the opportunity to defer compensation and earnings until retirement or another specified date or event. The type of compensation eligible for deferral includes base salary and the annual incentive. Further information on the EDCP may be found in the “Narrative to Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Table.”

OTHER BENEFITS AND PERQUISITES
Norfolk Southern provides the Named Executive Officers with certain health and welfare benefits, a tax-qualified 401(k) plan, and certain other perquisites that the Committee believes are necessary to retain Executive Officers and to enhance their productivity. The value of perquisites is considered as part of the total compensation package when other elements are evaluated.

Our Board of Directors has directed and requires the Chief Executive Officer, and his family and guests when appropriate, to use Norfolk Southern’s aircraft whenever reasonably possible for air travel. The Board believes that such use of the corporate aircraft promotes the best interests of Norfolk Southern by generally ensuring the immediate availability of the Chief Executive Officer and by providing a prompt, efficient means of travel in view of the need for security in such travel. For the same reasons, our Board of Directors has determined that the Chief Executive Officer may authorize employees and their guests to use the corporate aircraft for purposes that further the Corporation’s business interests. Such non-business use by other employees and their guests is infrequent. Other perquisites include executive physicals, personal use of company facilities, and certain approved spousal travel. In July 2016, our Board of Directors discontinued


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reimbursements for tax preparation and financial planning services for our executive officers, as the Committee determined that the additional reimbursement provided for these services did not reduce the risk associated with such activities, nor the amount of time or attention that the executive officers needed to devote to such activities. Norfolk Southern does not make tax gross-up payments on perquisites for the Named Executive Officers or provide them with company cars.

Norfolk Southern believes that the benefits and perquisites described above are appropriate to remain competitive compared to other companies and to promote retention of these officers.

IMPACT OF THE TAX TREATMENT OF AWARDS ON NORFOLK SOUTHERN’S COMPENSATION POLICIES
Our executive compensation program has been carefully considered in light of the applicable tax rules. Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code generally provides that a publicly held company may not deduct compensation paid to certain of its top executive officers to the extent such compensation exceeds $1 million per executive officer in any year. However, limited exceptions to Section 162(m) apply with respect to “qualified performance-based compensation,” as defined in the Internal Revenue Code. In order to allow deductibility of the value of the awards for the annual incentive, stock options and performance share units, we amended, with shareholder approval, the Long-Term Incentive Plan and Executive Management Incentive Plan in 2015 to permit the continued grant of performance-based compensation that meets the requirements of Section 162(m) under those plans. However, the Committee believes that tax-deductibility is but one factor to be considered in fashioning an appropriate compensation package for executives. Norfolk Southern reserves and will continue to exercise its discretion in this area so as to serve the best interests of Norfolk Southern and its shareholders.

CHANGE-IN-CONTROL AGREEMENTS
Norfolk Southern has entered into change-in-control agreements with the Named Executive Officers to provide certain economic protections to executives in the event of a termination of employment following a change in control of Norfolk Southern. The change-in-control agreements are intended to keep management intact and focused on the best interests of Norfolk Southern and its shareholders in pursuing a potential change-in-control transaction, while serving to eliminate potential management distraction related to the uncertainty of possible job and income loss. The Compensation Committee believes that the agreements are reasonable and appropriate. Benefits will not be paid under the agreements unless both a change in control occurs and the executive’s employment is terminated or constructively terminated following the change in control. The Committee believes this “double trigger” maximizes shareholder value because this structure would prevent an unintended windfall to management in the event of a change in control that does not result in the termination (or constructive termination) of employment of management. For officers who entered into change-in-control agreements before 2008, the agreements were revised in 2008 to comply with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code but those revisions did not enhance or increase benefits provided under the agreements. Since January 2013, Norfolk Southern entered into amendments to its change-in-control agreements with Mr. Squires, Ms. Stewart, Ms. Earhart, Mr. Hixon and Mr. Manion to eliminate tax gross-up payments provided under the agreements.

The Board agreed in 2002 to abide by a shareholder-approved proposal that limits new severance agreements with senior executives to 2.99 times the sum of the executives’ base salary plus bonus. In light of the recent executive leadership transition, the Committee approved a form of change-in-control agreement in 2016 which complies with the requirements of the shareholder resolution and which does not contain a tax gross-up provision. Norfolk Southern entered into the new change-in-control agreement in 2016 with Mr. Shaw and Mr. Wheeler.

A detailed description of the benefits provided under the change-in-control agreements may be found in the “Change-in-Control Agreements” section under “Potential Payments Upon a Change in Control or Other Termination of Employment” on page 59.


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SHARE OWNERSHIP GUIDELINES FOR OFFICERS
Our Board of Directors has established as part of its Corporate Governance Guidelines the following ownership guidelines for shares of Norfolk Southern stock for its officers:

Position         Minimum Value
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer 5 times annual salary
Executive Vice Presidents 3 times annual salary
Senior Vice Presidents, Vice Presidents 1 times annual salary

Norfolk Southern common stock and stock equivalents held in Norfolk Southern’s 401(k) plan are counted toward these holdings, but unexercised stock options or unvested equity awards are not counted. Officers may acquire such holdings over a five-year period. All officers currently meet this guideline or are expected to meet the guideline within the five-year period.

All Executive Officers of Norfolk Southern are required to clear any transaction involving its common stock with Norfolk Southern’s Corporate Secretary prior to engaging in the transaction, and pledging or hedging transactions will not be approved.

Anti-Pledging/Anti-Hedging Policy. All of our Executive Officers are prohibited from entering into pledging or hedging transactions or positions regarding Norfolk Southern’s securities.

POLICIES AND DECISIONS REGARDING THE ADJUSTMENT OR RECOVERY OF AWARDS
While we do not anticipate there would ever be circumstances where a restatement of earnings upon which incentive plan award decisions were based would occur, should such an unlikely event take place, the Committee has the discretion to take all actions necessary to protect the interests of shareholders up to and including actions to recover such incentive awards. The performance share awards include a clawback provision to permit the recovery of performance share awards following a material restatement of Norfolk Southern’s financial results. Similarly, the Executive Management Incentive Plan includes a clawback provision to permit recovery of annual incentives as a result of any material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws. The long-term incentive award agreements further provide for forfeiture of awards, including after retirement, if the recipient engages in certain competing employment, or if it is determined that the recipient has committed fraud or theft in the course of the recipient’s employment with Norfolk Southern, or if the recipient discloses certain confidential information. Both the Long-Term Incentive Plan and the Executive Management Incentive Plan further allow for the reduction, forfeiture or recoupment of any award as may be required by law.


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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION TABLES

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
The following table shows the total compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to each Named Executive Officer during 2016 for service in all capacities to Norfolk Southern and our subsidiaries for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. The table also sets forth information regarding fiscal 2015 and 2014 compensation.

Name and
Principal Position
(a)
    Year
(b)
    Salary
($)
(c)
    Bonus
($)
(d)
    Stock
Awards
($)
(e)
    Option
Awards
($)
(f)
    Non-Equity
Incentive
Plan
Compensation
($)
(g)
    Change in
Pension
Value and
Nonqualified
Deferred
Compensation
Earnings
($)
(h)
    All Other
Compensation
($)
(i)
    Total
($)
(j)
James A. Squires1
Chairman, President and
Chief Executive Officer
2016 900,000 0 3,900,209 2,099,966 724,950 678,156 121,793 8,425,074
2015 837,500 0   1,625,268 4,375,050 0 1,036,596 115,151 7,989,565
  2014 750,000 0 1,626,323 874,892 906,750 1,657,155 115,709 5,930,829
Marta R. Stewart
Executive Vice
President-Finance and
Chief Financial Officer
2016 600,000 0 1,039,891   559,951   289,980 650,760   45,594 3,186,176
2015 600,000 0 1,039,944 559,958 0 1,106,172 48,802 3,354,876
2014 500,000   0 910,756 489,868 544,050   1,303,712 48,063 3,796,449
Cynthia C. Earhart
Executive Vice President
Administration and Chief
Information Officer
2016 600,000 0 747,159 402,583 289,980 514,224 41,731 2,595,677
2015 525,000 0 746,809 402,441 0 604,116 33,361 2,311,727

Alan H. Shaw
Executive Vice President
and Chief Marketing Officer
2016 500,000 0 747,159 402,583 241,650 309,276 24,967 2,225,635
Michael J. Wheeler
Executive Vice President
and Chief Operating Officer
2016 581,250 0 780,094 419,914 279,240 530,194 37,885 2,628,577
James A. Hixon2
Former Executive Vice President
Law and Corporate Relations
2016 550,000 0 910,345 490,032 265,815 205,458 840,004 3,261,654
2015 600,000 0 909,335 489,849 0 353,834 69,107 2,422,125
 
Mark D. Manion3
Former Executive Vice
President and Chief
Operating Officer
2016 50,000 0 1,300,391 699,989 24,165 183,330 80,147 2,338,022
2015 600,000 0 1,300,214 699,871 0 206,597 40,200 2,846,882
2014 600,000 0 1,236,397 664,906 652,860 1,742,135 37,361 4,933,659
1 Effective June 1, 2015, James A. Squires was appointed to the position of Chief Executive Officer and President. Mr. Squires previously served as President. Mr. Squires was appointed Chairman effective October 1, 2015, but does not receive compensation for Board or committee service.
2 James A. Hixon retired from the Corporation effective December 1, 2016.
3 Mark D. Manion retired from the Corporation effective February 1, 2016.
 


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Salary (Column (c))

Represents salary earned during 2014, 2015 and 2016 received on a current or deferred basis.

Stock Awards (Column (e))

The amounts reported for Stock Awards are the full grant date fair values of the awards computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 “Compensation – Stock Compensation.” This column includes Performance Share Units and Restricted Stock Units.

For Performance Share Units, the full grant date fair value is determined consistent with the estimated full accounting cost to be recognized over the three-year performance period, determined as of the end of the month following the grant date under FASB ASC Topic 718. For discussions of the relevant assumptions made in calculating these amounts, see note 12 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. For the grant date fair value of only those awards granted to the Named Executive Officers in 2016, see the “Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table.” The value of the Stock Awards reported in column (e), calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 but assuming the highest level of performance would be achieved is as follows:

Year     J. A. Squires     M. R. Stewart     C. C. Earhart     A. H. Shaw     M. J. Wheeler     J. A. Hixon     M. D. Manion
2016   $5,709,991   $1,522,542   $1,093,946 $1,093,946 $1,142,082   $1,332,664 $1,903,705
2015 $2,267,052 $1,450,783 $1,041,932     $1,268,637 $1,813,641
2014 $2,231,365 $1,249,533 $1,696,182

Option Awards (Column (f))

The amounts reported for Option Awards are the full grant date fair values of the awards computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. For discussions of the relevant assumptions made in calculating these amounts, see note 12 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.

Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation (Column (g))

The amounts reported as Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation were paid under the Executive Management Incentive Plan, as more fully described in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis. Amounts reported in this column were earned in the indicated year, and may have been received on a current basis or deferred in accordance with our deferred compensation plans.

Change in Pension Values and Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings (Column (h))

In accordance with SEC rules, any increase or decrease in the present value of the benefits under our Retirement Plan is aggregated with any increase or decrease in the present value of the benefits under our Supplemental Benefit Plan.

All of the Named Executive Officers had an increase in the aggregate present value of the benefits under our Retirement Plan and Supplemental Benefit Plan in 2016. The changes in the values result from increases in each individual’s years of service, final average compensation calculation and age, or from changes in marital status which more than offset decreases in value due to an increase in the pension discount rate and revised mortality assumptions. Of the amounts shown in this column, the following represents the aggregate increase in the actuarial present value of the Named Executive Officers’ accumulated benefits under the Retirement Plan and the Supplemental Benefits Plan for 2016: Mr. Squires, $678,156; Ms. Stewart, $650,760; Ms. Earhart, $514,224; Mr. Shaw, $309,276; Mr. Wheeler, $530,194; Mr. Hixon, $191,076; and Mr. Manion, $115,536.

The remainder of the amounts shown in this column for 2016 represent the amounts by which 2016 interest accrued on salary and annual incentives deferred by them under the Officers’ Deferred Compensation Plan exceeded 120% of the applicable Federal long-term rate provided in Section 1274(d) of the Internal Revenue Code.


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All Other Compensation (Column (i))

The amounts reported as All Other Compensation for 2016 include, for each Named Executive Officer:

      Perquisites
($)
      401(k)
Matching
Contributions
($)
      Life
Insurance
Premiums
($)
      Charitable
Matching
Gifts
($)
      Other
($)
      Total
($)
J. A. Squires 56,326   9,275 16,427 37,500 2,265 121,793
M. R. Stewart 2,000 9,275 8,909 25,410   0 45,594
C. C. Earhart 2,780 9,275 11,676 18,000 0 41,731
A. H. Shaw   1,566 6,563   6,838   10,000 0   24,967
M. J. Wheeler 11,510 9,275 7,100 10,000 0 37,885
J. A. Hixon 2,520 9,275 15,353 40,000 772,856 840,004
M. D. Manion 5,095 1,725 5,856 10,000 57,471 80,147

For Mr. Squires, the amount under “Other” includes his proportional cost of NS-owned life insurance policies used to fund the Directors’ Charitable Award Program. For Mr. Hixon, the amount under “Other” includes a payment of $715,385 made as a result of an internal restructuring and abolishment of his position pursuant to the Norfolk Southern Corporation Severance Pay Plan and a $57,471 payment made upon his retirement for unused vacation. For Mr. Manion, the amount under “Other” includes a $57,471 payment made upon his retirement for unused vacation.

Perquisites for our Named Executive Officers during 2016 consisted of the following:

      Use of
Corporate
Aircraft
($)
      Tax
Preparation
and
Financial
Planning
($)
      Annual
Physicals
($)
      Spousal/
Guest
Meals &
Travel
($)
      Gifts
($)
      Other
($)
      Total
($)
J. A. Squires 54,961 0 0 0   0 1,365 56,326
M. R. Stewart 0 2,000   0 0 0   0   2,000
C. C. Earhart 0   2,000 0   0 0 780 2,780
A. H. Shaw 0 0 0 396 0 1,170 1,566
M. J. Wheeler 0 2,000 4,800 0 0 4,710 11,510
J. A. Hixon 0 0 0 0 1,740 780 2,520
M. D. Manion 0 0 0 0 5,095 0 5,095

All perquisites are valued on the basis of aggregate incremental cost to us. Perquisites included participation in the Executive Accident Plan, for which there was no aggregate incremental cost. With regard to personal use of company aircraft, aggregate incremental cost is calculated as the weighted-average cost of fuel, aircraft maintenance, parts and supplies, landing fees, ground services, catering, and crew expenses associated with such use, including those associated with “deadhead” flights related to such use. Use of corporate aircraft includes use by the Named Executive Officers as permitted by resolution of the Board of Directors. The aggregate incremental cost for personal use of company aircraft by our Named Executive Officers is allocated entirely to the highest-ranking Named Executive Officer on the flight. Because corporate aircraft are used primarily for business travel, this calculation excludes fixed costs that do not change based on usage. Fixed costs include pilot salaries, the purchase or lease costs of the airplane, and the cost of maintenance not related to such personal travel. Figures included in “Other” represent for Mr. Wheeler an auto allowance received prior to the time he became an Executive Officer, and for Ms. Earhart and Messrs. Squires, Shaw, Wheeler and Hixon, imputed income for the use of Corporate Facilities.


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2016 GRANTS OF PLAN-BASED AWARDS


Name
(a)

Grant
Date
(b)

Committee
Action
Date2


 
 
 Estimated Possible Payouts
Under Non-Equity Incentive
Plan Awards1
Estimated Future Payouts
Under Equity Incentive
Plan Awards

All
Other
Stock
Awards:
Number
of Shares
of Stock
or Units
(#)
(i)

All Other
Option
Awards:
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Options
(#)
(j)

Exercise
or Base
Price of
Option
Awards
($/Sh)
(k)

Grant
Date Fair
Value of
Stock
and
Option
Awards
($)
(l)
Threshold
($)
(c)
Target
($)
(d)
Maximum
($)
(e)
Threshold
(#)
(f)
Target
(#)
(g)
Maximum
(#)
(h)
James A. Squires     1/28/2016     1/25/2016     91,125     1,316,250     2,250,000                              
1/28/2016 1/25/2016 11,429 57,145 114,290   3,000,113
1/28/2016 1/25/2016   12,800 900,096
1/28/2016 1/25/2016 105,420 70.32 2,099,966
2/18/2016 2/18/2016 14,200 14,200   28,400   0
Marta R. Stewart 1/28/2016 1/25/2016 36,450 526,500 870,000  
1/28/2016 1/25/2016   3,048 15,240 30,480   800,100
1/28/2016 1/25/2016   3,410 239,791
1/28/2016 1/25/2016   28,110 70.32 559,951
2/18/2016 2/18/2016   7,100 7,100 14,200 0
Cynthia C. Earhart 1/28/2016 1/25/2016 36,450 526,500 870,000
1/28/2016   1/25/2016 2,190 10,950 21,900 574,875
  1/28/2016 1/25/2016   2,450 172,284
1/28/2016 1/25/2016 20,210 70.32 402,583
2/18/2016 2/18/2016   7,100 7,100 14,200 0
Alan H. Shaw 1/28/2016 1/25/2016 30,375 438,750 725,000  
1/28/2016 1/25/2016 2,190 10,950 21,900 574,875
1/28/2016 1/25/2016 2,450 172,284
1/28/2016 1/25/2016 20,210 70.32 402,583
2/18/2016 2/18/2016 7,100 7,100 14,200 0
Michael J. Wheeler 1/28/2016 1/25/2016 35,100 507,000 835,000
1/28/2016 1/25/2016 2,286 11,430 22,860 600,075
1/28/2016 1/25/2016 2,560 180,019
1/28/2016 1/25/2016 21,080 70.32 419,914
2/18/2016 2/18/2016 7,100 7,100 14,200 0
James A. Hixon 1/28/2016 1/25/2016 36,450 526,500 870,000
1/28/2016 1/25/2016 2,667 13,335 26,670 700,088
1/28/2016 1/25/2016 2,990 210,257
1/28/2016 1/25/2016 24,600 70.32 490,032
2/18/2016 2/18/2016 7,100 7,100 14,200 0
Mark D. Manion 1/28/2016 1/25/2016 36,450 526,500 870,000
1/28/2016 1/25/2016 3,810 19,050 38,100 1,000,125
1/28/2016 1/25/2016 4,270 300,266
1/28/2016 1/25/2016 35,140 70.32 699,989
1 The amounts shown represents the full-year threshold, target and maximum opportunity payable for the annual incentive under the EMIP, as determined at the time that the Compensation Committee made the awards. Because Mr. Manion and Mr. Hixon retired during the year, each was eligible only for a prorated award. As a result of Mr. Manion’s retirement effective February 1, 2016, the threshold, target and maximum prorated awards were $3,038, $32,500 and $72,500; and as a result of Mr. Hixon’s retirement effective December 1, 2016, the threshold, target and maximum prorated awards were $33,413, $357,500 and $797,500. The amount actually paid as an annual incentive under the EMIP is reported in the Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation (column g) of the Summary Compensation Table.
2 Consistent with past practice and the terms of LTIP, the Committee made all January 2016 equity awards to directors and executive officers effective on the day after a full trading day has elapsed following the release of our fiscal year financial results. Because the Committee meetings at which these awards were made occurred prior to the effective date of the awards, we have provided both dates in accordance with SEC rules. See our “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” section for further discussion of our equity award grant practices.
  

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Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards (EMIP) (Columns (c), (d) and (e))

These awards were made pursuant to our Executive Management Incentive Plan (“EMIP”) and had the potential to be earned upon the achievement of certain performance goals established by the Committee for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. For a discussion of the performance goals established by the Committee, see page 38 of our “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” section. The Committee targeted a payout of 65% in 2016 in setting the annual performance goals for EMIP incentive awards, and using an annual incentive opportunity equal to 225% of salary for the Chief Executive Officer and 135% of salary for the Executive Vice Presidents. Consequently, the target amounts in column (d) assume that the Named Executive Officers earned 65% of the maximum potential EMIP awards that they could have earned using these annual incentive opportunities. The threshold amounts in column (c) assume that the Named Executive Officers earned the minimum EMIP awards based on performance required to trigger any level of payment; if performance fell below performance goals required to earn the threshold amount, they would not have been entitled to any EMIP awards. The Named Executive Officers earned 35.8% of these EMIP awards based on our performance during 2016. These annual incentive amounts are also included under “Non-Equity Incentive Compensation” in the Summary Compensation Table.

Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards (PSUs) (Columns (f), (g) and (h))

These amounts represent grants of performance share units made pursuant to our Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”). These performance share units will be earned over the performance cycle ending December 31, 2018. For a discussion of the other material terms of these awards, see the narrative discussion which follows this table. LTIP does not provide a performance target for earning performance share units under this feature of the plan; however, the Committee targets a payout of 50% in setting the performance goals for performance share unit awards. Consequently, the target amounts in column (g) assume that the Named Executive Officers will earn 50% of the maximum potential number of performance share units that can be earned under the awards. The threshold amounts in column (f) assume that the Named Executive Officers will earn the minimum number of performance share units based on performance required to trigger any level of payment; if the Corporation’s performance fell below performance goals required to earn the threshold amount, they would not receive any performance share units. The threshold and target amounts in columns (f) and (g) for the accelerated turnaround incentive (ATI) performance share units granted in February 2016 are the same because no payment will be made unless at least the target level is achieved.

All Other Stock Awards (RSUs) (Column (i))

These amounts represent grants of restricted stock units made under LTIP. For a discussion of the material terms of these restricted stock unit awards, see the narrative discussion which follows this table.

All Other Option Awards (Stock Options) (Columns (j) and (k))

The non-qualified stock options that were granted as of January 28, 2016, are exercisable as of January 28, 2020. The Committee granted these options at an exercise price equal to the higher of the closing market price or the average of the high and low prices of our common stock on the effective date of the grant. The closing price was lower than the average price on the date of grant, so the exercise price shown is the average price on the date of grant. The exercise price may be paid in cash or in shares of our common stock (previously owned by the participant for at least six months preceding the date of exercise) valued on the date of exercise. For a discussion of the other material terms of these option awards, see the narrative discussion which follows this table.

Grant Date Fair Value of Stock and Option Awards (Column (l))

The amounts reported in Column (l) represent the full grant date fair value of each equity award computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. For awards that entitle the Named Executive Officers to dividends or dividend equivalents, those amounts are also computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. No value is assigned to the ATI PSUs in the Stock Awards column of the Summary Compensation Table or the Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table because of the unlikelihood of achieving the threshold measure as assessed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718.

NARRATIVE TO SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE AND GRANTS OF PLAN-BASED AWARDS TABLE

AWARDS

Our Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”), as last approved by shareholders in 2015, allows for the award of equity-based awards, including incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock units and performance share units to non-employee directors, officers and other employees of the Corporation.


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Performance share units entitle a recipient to receive performance-based compensation at the end of a three-year performance cycle based on our performance during that three-year period. For awards made in 2016, the award cycle began on January 1, 2016, and ends December 31, 2018. Under the 2016 performance share unit awards, corporate performance will be measured using two predetermined and equally weighted standards; that is, each of the following performance areas will serve as the basis for earning up to one-half of the total number of performance share units granted (with each one-half portion vesting independent of the other): (1) three-year after-tax return on average invested capital and (2) total return to shareholders measured at the end of the three-year period. Return on average invested capital for this purpose is calculated by dividing Norfolk Southern’s net operating profit after-tax (defined as net income excluding interest expense, and adjusted for the effect of capitalizing Norfolk Southern’s operating lease obligations) by the average invested capital (defined as the average of the current and prior year-end shareholders’ equity and total debt balances, which is then adjusted for the effect of capitalizing Norfolk Southern’s operating lease obligations). Total shareholder return is based on Norfolk Southern’s total shareholder return as compared with the shareholder return of the other publicly-traded North American Class I railroads and a secondary measure based on a comparison of Norfolk Southern’s shareholder return to the S&P 500, with each shareholder return measurement reflecting the return over the entire 3-year period and using a 20-day average to measure performance at the beginning and the end of the period. Additional discussion of these performance criteria can be found beginning on page 40 of our “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” section. Performance share units that are earned will be distributed in whole shares of our common stock.

The Compensation Committee granted an accelerated turnaround incentive (ATI) award in the form of performance share units that will pay out only if Norfolk Southern accelerates achievement of certain of its five-year strategic plan goals. The ATI performance share unit award is based on our performance as determined during a three-year period that began on January 1, 2016 and ends December 31, 2018, and is measured using two predetermined and equally weighted standards; that is, each of the following performance areas will serve as the basis for earning up to one-half of the total number of performance share units granted: (1) operating ratio and (2) diluted earnings per share. The Committee established the number of ATI performance share units based on the stock price on the date of grant and a target value of $1 million for the award for the Chief Executive Officer and a target value of $500,000 for the awards for the Executive Vice Presidents. Additional discussion of the ATI performance share units can be found beginning on page 41 of our “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” section. Performance share units that are earned will be distributed in whole shares of our common stock.

The Compensation Committee met to approve the 2016 option grants on January 25, 2016. In order to permit thorough dissemination of our financial results for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, the Committee made these grants effective January 28, 2016. See our “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” section for further discussion of our equity award grant practices. These options become exercisable four years after the grant date, or if the Named Executive Officer retires or dies before that date, the later of one year after the grant date or the participant’s retirement or death. Dividend equivalent payments are paid in cash to active employees on unvested options for four years in an amount equal to, and commensurate with, regular quarterly dividends paid on our common stock. The exercise price may be paid in cash or in shares of our common stock valued at fair market value on the date of exercise. Except for capital adjustments such as stock splits, the exercise price of a stock option granted under LTIP may not be decreased after the option is granted, nor may any outstanding option be modified or replaced through cancellation if the effect would be to reduce the price of the option, unless the repricing, modification or replacement is approved by our shareholders.

The restricted stock units awarded in 2016 are subject to a five-year restriction period and will be settled in shares of our common stock. Dividend equivalent payments are paid in cash on restricted stock units in an amount equal to, and commensurate with, regular quarterly dividends paid on our common stock. During the restriction period, the holder of restricted stock units has no voting or investment power over the underlying common stock.

Receipt of an award under LTIP in 2016 was made contingent upon the participant’s execution of a non-competition agreement, and all awards are subject to forfeiture in the event the participant “engages in competing employment” within two years following retirement.

For 2016, awards to our Named Executive Officers under the Executive Management Incentive Plan (“EMIP”) were payable based on our performance relative to the following pre-determined performance measures: operating income, operating ratio, and a composite of three service measures, consisting of adherence to operating plan, connection performance and train performance. The performance metrics relative to these performance measures were established by the Committee in January 2016. A more detailed discussion of these performance measures can be found on page 38 of our “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” section.


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The Committee set Mr. Squires’ 2016 incentive opportunity at 250% of his 2016 base salary and the Executive Vice Presidents at 145% of their 2016 base salaries. However, in applying the 35.8% annual incentive earnout, the Committee approved payouts that corresponded to a 225% opportunity for the Chief Executive Officer and a 135% opportunity for the Executive Vice Presidents, as further described under Annual Incentive in the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” section. These amounts are reported as “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” in the Summary Compensation Table.

For further discussion of our plans and how these LTIP and EMIP awards fit into our executive compensation program, see the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” section.

EMPLOYMENT AND OTHER AGREEMENTS

None of the Corporation’s Named Executive Officers is employed pursuant to an employment agreement.

OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END 2016

Option Awards Stock Awards
Name
(a)
Number
of Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Exercisable
(b)
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Unexercisable
(c)
Equity
Incentive
Plan Awards:
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Unearned
Options
(#)
(d)
Option
Exercise
Price
($)
(e)
Option
Expiration
Date
(f)
Number
of Shares
or Units
of Stock
That Have
Not
Vested
(#)7
(g)
Market
Value of
Shares
or Units
of Stock
That
Have Not
Vested
($)8
(h)
Equity
Incentive
Plan
Awards:
Number of
Unearned
Shares,
Units or
Other
Rights
That
Have Not
Vested
(#)9
(i)
  Equity
Incentive
Plan
Awards:
Market or
Payout
Value of
Unearned
Shares,
Units or
Other
Rights
That
Have Not
Vested
($)8
(j)
James A. Squires     34,417             38.705     1/28/2019     27,380     2,958,957     85,784     9,270,651
24,407 47.760 1/28/2020
19,000 62.745 1/26/2021    
  18,000 75.140 1/25/2022    
24,000 1 69.830 1/23/2023  
29,290 2 94.170 1/22/2024  
28,830 3 104.230   1/26/2025
132,880 4   92.760 5/31/2025
  105,420 5   70.320 1/27/2026 6
Marta R. Stewart 2,907 47.760 1/28/2020 10,090 1,090,426 32,501 3,512,348
2,607   62.745 1/26/2021
2,370 75.140 1/25/2022
5,000 1 69.830 1/23/2023
16,400 2 94.170 1/22/2024
18,450 3 104.230 1/26/2025
28,110 5 70.320 1/27/2026 6


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Option Awards Stock Awards
Name
(a)
Number
of Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Exercisable
(b)
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Unexercisable
(c)
Equity
Incentive
Plan Awards:
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Unearned
Options
(#)
(d)
Option
Exercise
Price
($)
(e)
Option
Expiration
Date
(f)
Number
of Shares
or Units
of Stock
That Have
Not
Vested
(#)7
(g)
Market
Value of
Shares
or Units
of Stock
That
Have Not
Vested
($)8
(h)
Equity
Incentive
Plan
Awards:
Number of
Unearned
Shares,
Units or
Other
Rights
That
Have Not
Vested
(#)9
(i)
Equity
Incentive
Plan
Awards:
Market or
Payout
Value of
Unearned
Shares,
Units or
Other
Rights
That
Have Not
Vested
($)8
(j)
Cynthia C. Earhart     1,970             50.740     1/23/2018     8,000     864,560     25,349     2,739,439
2,583 38.705 1/28/2019
5,000 47.760 1/28/2020    
4,200   62.745   1/26/2021  
3,700 75.140 1/25/2022
5,000 1 69.830 1/23/2023
12,890 2 94.170 1/22/2024    
13,260 3 104.230 1/26/2025  
20,210 5   70.320 1/27/2026 6
Alan H. Shaw 2,000 62.745 1/26/2021 5,040 544,673 19,250 2,080,299
1,900 75.140 1/25/2022
  2,550 1 69.830 1/23/2023
2,760 2 94.170 1/22/2024
2,720 3 104.230 1/26/2025
20,210 5 70.320 1/27/2026 6
Michael J. Wheeler 3,700   75.140 1/25/2022 6,100 659,227 19,709 2,129,942
5,000 1 69.830 1/23/2023
2,760 2 94.170 1/22/2024
  2,720 3 104.230 1/26/2025
21,080 5 70.320 1/27/2026 6
James A. Hixon 24,407 47.760 1/28/2020 14,230 1,537,836 24,390 2,635,805
17,407 62.745 1/26/2021
16,670 75.140 1/25/2022  
24,000 69.830 1/23/2023
16,400 94.170 1/22/2024
16,140 104.230 1/26/2025
24,600 5 70.320 1/27/2026 6
Mark D. Manion 26,500 47.760 1/28/2020 17,180 1,856,643 31,748 3,430,969
19,000 62.745 1/26/2021
18,000 75.140 1/25/2022
24,000 69.830 1/23/2023
22,260 94.170 1/22/2024
23,060 104.230 1/26/2025
35,140 5 70.320 1/27/2026 6
1 These options vested on January 24, 2017.
2 These options vest on January 23, 2018 or, if the Named Executive Officer retires or dies before that date, the later of one year after the grant date or the date of retirement or death.
  

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3 These options vest on January 27, 2019 or, if the Named Executive Officer retires or dies before that date, the later of one year after the grant date or the date of retirement or death.
4 These options vest on June 1, 2019 or, if the Named Executive Officer retires or dies before that date, the later of one year after the grant date or the date of retirement or death.
5 These options vest on January 28, 2020 or, if the Named Executive Officer retires or dies before that date, the later of one year after the grant date or the date of retirement or death.
6 These options expire on the date listed or, if the Named Executive Officer retires before that date, on the earlier of the date listed or five years after the Named Executive Officer retires.
7 The following table provides information with respect to the vesting of each Named Executive Officer’s restricted stock units:

Name        1/26/17        1/24/18        1/23/19        1/27/20        1/28/21
J. A. Squires 3,000 4,000 3,980 3,600 12,800
M. R. Stewart 950 1,200 2,230 2,300 3,410
C. C. Earhart 950 1,200 1,750 1,650 2,450
A. H. Shaw 550 650 730 660 2,450
M. J. Wheeler 950 1,200 730 660 2,560
J. A. Hixon 3,000 4,000 2,230 2,010 2,990
M. D. Manion 3,000 4,000 3,030 2,880 4,270
8 These values are based on the $108.07 closing market price of our common stock on December 31, 2016.
9 These amounts represent (i) grants of performance share units made in 2015 pursuant to the Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) that may be earned out over the three-year period ending December 31, 2017, (ii) grants of performance share units made in 2016 pursuant to LTIP that may be earned out over the three-year period ending December 31, 2018, and (iii) grants of accelerated turnaround incentive (ATI) performance share units that may be earned out over the three-year period ending December 31, 2018. Because the number of performance share units earned is determined based on a three-year performance period for each cycle, in accordance with the SEC requirements for this table, the number of performance share units disclosed is determined by reporting performance based on achieving threshold performance goals, except that if performance during the last completed fiscal years over which performance is measured has exceeded the threshold, then the disclosure is based on the next highest performance measure (target or maximum) that exceeds the last completed fiscal years over which performance is measured. In accordance with this rule, the number of performance share units shown by each Named Executive Officer for these grants is 64.0% for the annual grant of performance share units made in 2015, and 47.85% for the annual grant of performance share units made in 2016, which represents (a) the actual percentage for the after-tax return on average invested capital for each completed year in the performance periods, and the target percentage for after-tax return on average invested capital for each uncompleted year in the performance periods and (b) the maximum percentage for the total shareholder return (TSR) metric for the 2015-2017 performance period based on our TSR as compared with the TSRs of the other publicly-traded North American Class I railroads for the period from January 1, 2015 start of the performance period to December 31, 2016, and (c) the target percentage for the TSR metric for the 2016-2018 performance period based on our TSR as compared with the TSRs of the other publicly-traded North American Class I railroads over the three-year performance period. In accordance with the SEC requirements for this table, the number of ATI performance share units shown is the threshold level and the value shown is based on our closing stock price on December 31, 2016; the threshold and target levels for the ATI performance share units are the same as no payment of the ATI performance share units will be made unless at least the target level is achieved.


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OPTION EXERCISES AND STOCK VESTED IN 2016
Option Awards Stock Awards
Number of Number of Value
Shares Value Shares Realized
Acquired Realized Acquired on
      on Exercise       on Exercise       on Vesting       Vesting
Name (#) ($)1 (#)2 ($)2
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
James A. Squires 4,676 267,313 14,051 1,404,181
Marta R. Stewart 5,016 122,816 7,188 739,111
Cynthia C. Earhart 15,447 735,299 5,863 595,750
Alan H. Shaw   2,700 149,991 1,692 159,818
Michael J. Wheeler 2,436 78,733 2,092 187,546
James A. Hixon 39,433 2,153,157 9,188 877,751
Mark D. Manion 38,970 2,116,215 11,398 1,116,995
1 Represents the difference between the price of the underlying common stock on the day of exercise and the exercise price of the option(s).
2 Represents the aggregate number of (1) restricted stock units that vested and were distributed during fiscal 2016, multiplied by the average of the high and low of the market price of the underlying shares on the vesting date, and (2) performance share units that vested during fiscal 2016, which shares were distributed on January 26, 2017, multiplied by the average of the high and low of the market price of the underlying shares on the vesting date of December 31, 2016.


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RETIREMENT BENEFITS

2016 PENSION BENEFITS TABLE
The following table shows, as of December 31, 2016, each Named Executive Officer’s years of credited service, present value of accumulated benefit and benefits received, if any, under each of (i) the tax-qualified Retirement Plan of Norfolk Southern Corporation and Participating Subsidiary Companies (the “Retirement Plan”) and (ii) the nonqualified Supplemental Benefit Plan of Norfolk Southern Corporation and Participating Subsidiary Companies (the “SERP”).

Present Value of
Number of Years Accumulated Payments During
            Credited Service       Benefit       Last Fiscal Year
Name Plan Name (#) ($) ($)
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
James A. Squires Retirement Plan 25 1,048,536 0
SERP 25 5,288,088 0
Marta R. Stewart Retirement Plan 33 1,504,968 0
SERP 33 3,580,608 0
Cynthia C. Earhart Retirement Plan 31 1,180,725 0
SERP 31 2,701,455 0
Alan H. Shaw Retirement Plan 23 761,064 0
SERP 23 568,812 0
Michael J. Wheeler Retirement Plan 32 1,256,665 0
SERP 32 1,707,261 0
James A. Hixon Retirement Plan 32 1,313,292 7,719
SERP 32 5,868,528 6,194
Mark D. Manion Retirement Plan 40 1,824,960 108,294
SERP 40 8,094,144 477,171


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NARRATIVE TO PENSION BENEFITS TABLE
The above table shows the number of years of credited service and the actuarial present value of each Named Executive Officer’s accumulated benefits under our defined benefit plans as of December 31, 2016, which is the pension plan measurement date we use for financial reporting purposes. We assume a retirement age of 60 for purposes of the table for each of the Named Executive Officers who was employed on December 31, 2016, since that is the earliest age at which a participant may retire under the plans without an age-based benefit reduction, and none of those officers had reached that age as of December 31, 2016. For a discussion of the other material assumptions applied in quantifying the present values of the above accrued benefits, see note 11 to our financial statements included with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. The benefits shown are in addition to amounts payable under the U.S. Railroad Retirement Act.

Under the Retirement Plan and the SERP, except as noted above or in the event of a change in control (see below), each Named Executive Officer can expect to receive an annual retirement benefit equal to average annual compensation for the five most highly compensated years out of the last ten years of creditable service multiplied by a percentage equal to 1.5% times total years of creditable service, but not in excess of 40 years of creditable service (which would be equivalent to a maximum of 60% of such average compensation), less an offset for the annual Railroad Retirement Act annuity. Average compensation includes salary, awards under the Executive Management Incentive Plan and unused vacation amounts paid upon severance from employment. Under the Retirement Plan and the SERP, annual retirement benefits will be payable to each Named Executive Officer upon retirement (although there may be a six-month delay in payment of benefits that accrued under the SERP after January 1, 2005, if required by Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code) and, upon the Named Executive Officer’s death, to his or her spouse on a joint-and-survivor-annuity basis.

Mr. Squires, Ms. Stewart, Ms. Earhart and Mr. Wheeler are eligible for early retirement under the Retirement Plan and the SERP since each has reached age 55 and have 10 years of creditable service. If Mr. Squires, Ms. Stewart, Ms. Earhart or Mr. Wheeler chooses to retire prior to age 60, their benefits will be reduced by 1/360th for each month he or she is under age 60 at the time of retirement. Mr. Manion retired on February 1, 2016, and Mr. Hixon retired on December 1, 2016, and each was eligible for full retirement benefits without any benefit reduction due to age.

We have no policy with regard to granting extra years of credited service. However, as described below, our change-in-control agreements provide for additional years of credited service in limited circumstances.


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DEFERRED COMPENSATION
Our Named Executive Officers may have deferred the receipt of portions of their compensation under two separate deferred compensation plans: the Officers’ Deferred Compensation Plan (“ODCP”) and the Executives’ Deferred Compensation Plan (“EDCP”). The table and narrative below describe the material elements of these plans.

2016 NONQUALIFIED DEFERRED COMPENSATION TABLE

Executive Registrant Aggregate Aggregate Aggregate
Contributions Contributions Earnings Withdrawals/ Balance
in Last FY in Last FY in Last FY Distributions at Last FYE
Name             ($)       ($)       ($)1       ($)       ($)2
(a) Plan (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)
James A. Squires ODCP 0 0 0 0 0
EDCP 0 0 96,472 0 2,525,836
Marta R. Stewart ODCP 0 0 17,173 0 262,497
EDCP 0 0 0 0 0
Cynthia C. Earhart ODCP 0 0 38,726 0 591,955
  EDCP 0 0 79,727 0 1,390,177
Alan H. Shaw ODCP 0 0 0 0 0
EDCP 0 0 1,406 0 12,870
Michael J. Wheeler ODCP 0 0 0 0 0
EDCP 0 0 60,298 0 732,564
James A. Hixon ODCP 0 0 83,309 0 990,689
EDCP 0 0 94,977 0 1,176,514
Mark D. Manion ODCP 0 0 295,626 0 2,937,661
EDCP 0 0 216,353 0 2,037,476
1 Summary Compensation Table and represent the extent to which 2016 interest accrued on salary and annual incentives deferred under the Officers’ Deferred Compensation Plan exceeded 120% of the applicable Federal long-term rate provided in Section 1274(d) of the Internal Revenue Code: Mr. Squires, $0; Ms. Stewart, $0; Ms. Earhart, $0; Mr. Shaw, $0; Mr. Wheeler, $0; Mr. Hixon, $14,382; and Mr. Manion, $67,794.
2 Of these amounts, the following amounts have been previously reported as compensation to the Named Executive Officer in our Summary Compensation Tables beginning with the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000 and ending with the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015: Mr. Squires, $1,507,128; Ms. Stewart $0; Ms. Earhart, $0; Mr. Shaw, $0; Mr. Wheeler, $0; Mr. Hixon, $237,136; and Mr. Manion, $1,295,197.


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NARRATIVE TO NONQUALIFIED DEFERRED COMPENSATION TABLE
The 2016 Nonqualified Deferred Compensation table presents amounts deferred under (i) the Officers’ Deferred Compensation Plan and (ii) the Executives’ Deferred Compensation Plan. Amounts deferred are credited to a separate memorandum account maintained in the name of each participant. We do not make contributions to participants’ accounts.

Amounts deferred before January 1, 2001, were deferred under the Officers’ Deferred Compensation Plan and earn a fixed rate of interest, which is credited to the account at the beginning of each quarter. In general, the fixed interest rate is determined on the basis of the participant’s age at the time of the deferral. The total amount so credited for amounts deferred before January 1, 2001, (including interest earned thereon) is distributed in five installments beginning in the year following the year in which the participant retires.

Amounts deferred on or after January 1, 2001, have been deferred under the Executives’ Deferred Compensation Plan. Participants may defer up to 50% of base salary and 100% of EMIP annual incentive payments and are credited with variable earnings and/or losses based on the performance of hypothetical investment options selected by the participant. The hypothetical investment options include various mutual funds as crediting indices. With respect to each deferral, participants may choose to receive a distribution at the earliest of separation from service, disability, or a date that is at least five years but not more than 15 years after the deferral year has ended.

The total amount credited to a participant will be distributed, in accordance with the participant’s elected distribution option, in one lump sum or a stream of annual cash payments.

Our commitment to accrue and pay interest and/or earnings on amounts deferred is facilitated by the purchase of corporate-owned life insurance with executive officers as insureds under the policies. If the Board of Directors determines at any time that changes in the law affect our ability to recover the cost of providing the benefits payable under the Executives’ Deferred Compensation Plan and the Officers’ Deferred Compensation Plan, the Board, in its discretion, may reduce the interest and/or earnings on deferrals. With respect to the Officers’ Deferred Compensation Plan, the adjusted rate of interest may not be less than one-half the rate otherwise provided for in the plan. For the Executives’ Deferred Compensation Plan, the adjusted rate may not be less than the lesser of (a) one-half the rate of earnings otherwise provided for in the Executives’ Deferred Compensation Plan or (b) 7%.


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POTENTIAL PAYMENTS UPON A CHANGE IN CONTROL OR OTHER TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT
We have entered into certain agreements and maintain certain plans that will require us to provide compensation to our Named Executive Officers in the event of a termination of their employment with our company.

POST EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS
The benefits to be provided to our Named Executive Officers in the event of a termination due to retirement, involuntary separation, death, disability or a change in control are quantified in the table below. As of December 31, 2016, Mr. Shaw was not eligible to retire under our retirement plans, so figures listed for Mr. Shaw under Retirement assume a voluntary separation as of that date. Mr. Manion retired February 1, 2016, and this table thus only reflects the amounts payable as a result of his retirement. As noted above, as a result of an internal restructuring and abolishment of his position, Mr. Hixon received a severance payment under the Norfolk Southern Corporation Severance Pay Plan and he retired as of December 1, 2016, and this table thus reflects the amounts paid to Mr. Hixon as a result of his severance and retirement. Except as provided in the preceding paragraph, this analysis assumes that on December 31, 2016,

For a Retirement, the executive retired as of that date;

For an Involuntary Separation, the executive’s employment was terminated as of that date due to the executive’s position being abolished in connection with a downsizing or internal restructuring (and the executive elected to retire if he or she is retirement eligible);

For a Death, the executive dies on that date;

For a Disability, the executive became disabled on that date; and

For a Change in Control, (i) a change in control of our company occurred, as defined in the applicable change-in-control agreements, and (ii) each of the above Named Executive Officer’s employment with us was terminated without cause.


Involuntary Change in
Retirement Separation Death Disability Control
      ($)       ($)       ($)       ($)       ($)
James A. Squires
     Severance Pay 830,769 9,450,000
     Performance Share Units 6,268,753 6,268,753 6,268,753 6,268,753 8,894,555
     Unvested Stock Options 7,449,596 7,449,596 7,449,596 7,449,596
     Accelerated Dividends 1,974,863
     Restricted Stock Units 2,958,957 2,958,957 2,958,957 2,958,957
     Deferred Compensation Equivalent 2,023,210
     Pension Enhancement 13,082,644
     Health and welfare benefits 202,366 203,237 89,389 202,366 50,673
     Life Insurance Proceeds 2,700,000
     Vacation Pay 86,538 86,538 86,538 86,538 86,538
TOTAL 16,966,210 17,797,851 19,553,233 16,966,210 35,562,483


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Involuntary Change in
Retirement Separation Death Disability Control
            ($)       ($)       ($)       ($)       ($)
Marta R. Stewart
Severance Pay 761,538 2,940,000
  Performance Share Units 2,034,085 2,034,085 2,034,085 2,034,085 2,995,409
Unvested Stock Options 1,551,161 1,551,161 1,551,161 1,551,161
Accelerated Dividends 399,745
Restricted Stock Units 1,090,426 1,090,426 1,090,426 1,090,426
Deferred Compensation Equivalent 54,441
Pension Enhancement 5,513,850
Health and welfare benefits 162,225 163,318 80,281 162,225 34,227
Life Insurance Proceeds 1,800,000
Vacation Pay 57,692 57,692 57,692 57,692 57,692
TOTAL 4,895,589 5,658,220 6,613,645 4,895,589 11,995,364
Cynthia C. Earhart
Severance Pay 715,385 4,410,000
Performance Share Units 1,461,398 1,461,398 1,461,398 1,461,398 2,152,041
Unvested Stock Options 1,184,217 1,184,217 1,184,217 1,184,217
Accelerated Dividends 291,556
Restricted Stock Units 864,560 864,560 864,560 864,560
Deferred Compensation Equivalent 1,217,461
Pension Enhancement 6,950,843
Health and welfare benefits 107,012 107,253 107,012 15,087
Life Insurance Proceeds 1,800,000
Vacation Pay 57,692 57,692 57,692 57,692 57,692
Post retirement life insurance 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
TOTAL 3,675,879 4,391,504 5,367,867 3,675,879 15,095,681
Alan H. Shaw
Severance Pay 423,077 1,495,000
Performance Share Units 1,111,230 1,111,230
Unvested Stock Options 909,248 909,248
Restricted Stock Units 544,673 544,673
Health and welfare benefits 17,725 4,005 585,881
Life Insurance Proceeds 1,500,000
Vacation Pay 48,077 48,077 48,077 48,077
TOTAL 48,077 488,879 4,117,233 3,199,109 1,495,000
Michael J. Wheeler
Severance Pay 715,385 1,794,000
Performance Share Units 1,155,737 1,155,737 1,155,737 1,155,737
Unvested Stock Options 1,035,779 1,035,779 1,035,779 1,035,779
Restricted Stock Units 659,227 659,227 659,227 659,227
Health and welfare benefits 284,456 285,327 171,477 284,456
Life Insurance Proceeds 1,800,000
Vacation Pay 57,692 57,692 57,692 57,692
TOTAL 3,192,891 3,909,146 4,879,912 3,192,891 1,794,000


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        Involuntary           Change in
Retirement Separation Death Disability Control
      ($)       ($)       ($)       ($)       ($)
James A. Hixon
     Severance Pay 715,385
     Performance Share Units 1,779,549
     Unvested Stock Options 928,650
     Restricted Stock Units 1,537,836
     Health and welfare benefits 42,957
     Vacation Pay 57,471
     Post retirement life insurance 11,729
TOTAL 5,073,577
Mark D. Manion
     Performance Share Units 2,542,422
     Unvested Stock Options 1,326,535
     Restricted Stock Units 1,856,643
     Health and welfare benefits 87,638
     Vacation Pay 57,471
     Post retirement life insurance 5,856
TOTAL 5,876,565
* This table does not include the pension benefits reflected in the Pension Benefits Table, or the deferred compensation amounts disclosed in the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Table. In addition, this table does not quantify the benefits that would be payable under the Corporation’s long-term disability plan to any of our Named Executive Officers who terminated employment as a result of total disability.

SEVERANCE PAY
For an Involuntary Separation resulting in the Named Executive Officer’s position being abolished in connection with a downsizing or internal restructuring, these amounts represent two weeks of the executive’s annual base salary for each calendar year of service up to a maximum of 80 weeks, but not in excess of twice the annual amount of the executive’s salary payable in the 12-month period preceding the executive’s severance date. For a description of the severance payable if the Named Executive Officer was involuntarily separated for a reason other than downsizing or internal restructuring, see the section captioned “Termination for Any Other Reason.”

For a Change in Control, these amounts represent the sum of each Named Executive Officer’s base salary plus annual incentive pay times two for Ms. Stewart, times 2.99 for Mr. Shaw and Mr. Wheeler, and times three for Mr. Squires and Ms. Earhart. If the Named Executive Officer had elected to defer either a portion of salary or annual incentive under the Executives’ Deferred Compensation Plan, then a corresponding portion of this amount would have been deferred and subsequently paid in accordance with the Named Executive Officer’s original deferral election rather than distributed in a lump sum.

PERFORMANCE SHARE UNITS
For Retirement, Death or Disability, these amounts represent the estimated dollar value of the annual grants of performance share units to be earned during the performance cycles ending December 31, 2017, and December 31, 2018, assuming an earnout of 34% for the grants of performance share units made in 2015 and 42.9% for the grants of performance share units made in 2016, and in each case based on the $108.07 closing market price of our common stock on December 31, 2016. Because the number of performance share units earned is determined based on a three-year performance period for each cycle, these percentages represent (i) the actual percentage achieved for each completed year in the performance cycle for the Return on Average Invested Capital and the 50% target percentage achievement for each of these metrics for each uncompleted year in the performance period, and (ii) a 40% achievement for the Total Shareholder Return metric over the entire three-year performance period, reflecting the earnout if Norfolk Southern’s total shareholder return exceeds the median total shareholder return of the S&P 500 over the three-year


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performance cycle. Estimated amounts for the performance cycles ending December 31, 2017, and December 31, 2018, are also included in the Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Table. However, because the Named Executive Officers would forfeit these awards but for retirement or death benefit provisions under LTIP, we have included these awards here as well. If a participant retires, dies or becomes disabled before the end of the performance period, the awards are calculated and earned at the end of the performance period as if the participant had not retired or died; however, these awards are subject to forfeiture in certain situations following retirement or disability including if the participant engages in competing employment or violates a confidentiality agreement. The payout of accelerated turnaround incentive (ATI) performance share unit awards, if any, would be prorated upon retirement; no value is assigned to the ATI performance share unit awards in this table because of our assessment of the unlikelihood of achieving the threshold performance measure during the performance period.

For Involuntary Separation, each of the Named Executive Officers other than Mr. Shaw was eligible to retire as of December 31, 2016; accordingly, had their employment been terminated by us or them on that date, each would have been entitled to the retirement benefits described above.

For a Change in Control, these amounts represent a cash payment to which Mr. Squires, Ms. Stewart and Ms. Earhart would not otherwise be entitled absent a change in control. Values based on (i) the $108.07 closing market price of our common stock on December 31, 2016, and (ii) the average earnout for performance share units for the two most recently completed cycles of 58.5%, which is the assumed earnout required under the change-in-control agreements. Performance share units are earned over a three-year cycle ending each December 31. The form of award for the accelerated turnaround incentive (ATI) performance share unit awards excludes those grants from any change in control calculation. SEC rules require that we assume a change in control occurred on the last day of our fiscal year. Therefore, our Named Executive Officers were fully vested in their performance share unit awards for the performance cycle ended December 31, 2016, and these awards are excluded from the above amounts.

UNVESTED STOCK OPTIONS
For Retirement and Death, these amounts represent the value of the outstanding 2013, 2014 and 2015 unvested stock options for the Named Executive Officer for which vesting is accelerated to the date of his or her retirement or death. The amounts further represent the value of the outstanding unvested stock options for the Named Executive Officers for which vesting is not accelerated as a result of Retirement, Disability, or Death; however, because the Named Executive Officers would forfeit these awards but for the retirement, disability, or death provisions of LTIP and their LTIP award agreements, we have included the value of these unvested stock options as well. Amounts in these columns do not include the value of vested, unexercised stock options. See the “Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Table” for a complete list of each Named Executive Officer’s vested unexercised options.

For Involuntary Separation, each of the Named Executive Officers other than Mr. Shaw was eligible to retire as of December 31, 2016; accordingly, had their employment been terminated by us or them on that date, each would have been entitled to the retirement benefit provisions under LTIP for their unvested stock options.

For a Change in Control, this table does not report the value of vested options held by each Named Executive Officer as of December 31, 2016. Under the change-in-control agreements for Mr. Squires, Ms. Stewart and Ms. Earhart, in the event his or her employment with us is terminated in connection with a change in control, we are required to pay him or her the then current spread value of his or her vested options rather than require him or her to exercise them and sell the underlying shares. Based on the $108.07 closing market price of our common stock on December 31, 2016, the values of those options were as follows: Mr. Squires, $5,313,236; Ms. Stewart, $371,528; and Ms. Earhart, $905,866. See the “Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Table” for more information regarding these options. Unvested options do not provide for accelerated vesting at the time of a change in control and would be forfeited if their employment is terminated for any reason other than Retirement, Disability, or death. Accordingly, options which were unvested as of December 31, 2016, are excluded from these amounts.


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RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS
For Retirement, Death and Disability, these amounts represent the dollar value of restricted stock units based on the $108.07 closing market price of our common stock on December 31, 2016. These amounts are also included in the Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Table. However, because the Named Executive Officers would forfeit these awards but for retirement, death or disability benefit provisions of LTIP and their LTIP award agreements, we have included these amounts here as well. If a participant retires, dies or becomes disabled before the end of the restriction period, the awards are delivered at the end of the restriction period as if the participant had not retired, died or become disabled; however, these awards are subject to forfeiture in the event the participant “engages in competing employment” following retirement and before the end of the restriction period.

For Involuntary Separation, each of the Named Executive Officers other than Mr. Shaw was eligible to retire as of December 31, 2016; accordingly, had their employment been terminated by us or them on that date, each would have been entitled to the retirement benefit provisions under LTIP for their restricted stock units.

For a Change in Control, the change-in-control agreements do not provide for the acceleration of any unvested restricted stock units held by Named Executive Officers at the time their employment with us is terminated or upon a change in control. Under the terms of the LTIP, they will forfeit any unvested restricted stock units if their employment is terminated for any reason other than Retirement, Disability or death. The Committee has the authority under LTIP to waive any restrictions restricted stock units.

DEFERRED COMPENSATION EQUIVALENT
For a Change in Control, these amounts represent the cash payment that would have been payable when Mr. Squires, Ms. Stewart or Ms. Earhart reached age 65, as provided in their change-in-control agreements. This amount does not include the aggregate balance of the Named Executive Officer’s deferred compensation account as of December 31, 2016, in which the Named Executive Officer is currently vested. See column (f) of the “Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Table” for this amount. If the change in control was not a change in control as defined in the regulations to Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code, then any portion of the deferred compensation that was subject to Section 409A would have been payable at the time and in the form provided under the terms of the plan under which the Named Executive Officer earned the benefit, without any acceleration or other alteration in the time and form of payment as a result of the change in control.

PENSION ENHANCEMENT
For a Change in Control, these amounts represent the amount by which Mr. Squires’, Ms. Stewart’s or Ms. Earhart’s pension benefit, as enhanced by the change-in-control agreement, exceeds the actuarial present value of his or her accumulated pension benefits as of December 31, 2016. Amount does not include the actuarial present value of the Named Executive Officer’s accumulated pension benefits as of December 31, 2015. See the “Pension Benefits Table” for a description of the pension benefits to which the Named Executive Officers are entitled upon their retirement.

HEALTH AND WELFARE BENEFITS
For Retirement, Disability or a Change in Control, these amounts represent estimated medical benefits for the Named Executive Officers and their eligible dependents.

For Involuntary Separation, as each of Mr. Squires, Ms. Stewart, Ms. Earhart and Mr. Wheeler were eligible to retire as of December 31, 2016, each of them could have elected to retire and receive the same benefits as shown under the “Retirement” column plus one year of continued dental and vision coverage for the executive and his eligible dependents to be provided by the Corporation in accordance with the Involuntary Separation Plan. Accordingly, the amounts in this column represent the cost of their post-retirement medical coverage plus the one year cost of continued medical and dental coverage. For Mr. Shaw, these amounts represent the cost of one year of medical, dental and vision coverage for the executive and his eligible dependents to be paid by the Corporation in accordance with the Involuntary Separation Plan. For Mr. Hixon, these amounts represent the estimated medical benefits to be provided following retirement, plus the cost of one year of dental and vision coverage to be provided by the Corporation in accordance with the Involuntary Separation Plan.


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Executive Compensation | 2017 Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement


For Death, these amounts represent estimated medical benefits for the eligible dependents of the Named Executive Officer. For a Change in Control, these amounts represent medical and dental benefits for a fixed period of time specified in the change-in-control agreements.

LIFE INSURANCE PROCEEDS
These amounts represent the life insurance proceeds payable upon the death of the executive officer. In addition to the amounts listed in the table, if a Named Executive Officer died or was totally and permanently disabled for at least 12 months, in either case as a result of an accident that was covered under the insurance policy that provides benefits under the Executive Accident Plan, then the Named Executive Officer (in the case of disability) or his or her beneficiary (in the case of death) would receive a $400,000 lump sum payment from the insurance company.

POST-RETIREMENT LIFE INSURANCE
These amounts represent the remaining premiums required to be paid to fully fund Ms. Earhart’s life insurance policy under our Executive Life Insurance Plan in the minimum number of level annual premiums allowable without causing the policy to violate Section 7702 of the Internal Revenue Code. No premiums were required at the end of 2016 to fund any other Named Executive Officer’s life insurance policy. The life insurance policy amounts are as follows: Mr. Squires, $345,000; Ms. Stewart, $103,400; Ms. Earhart, $300,000; Mr. Shaw, $87,000; Mr. Wheeler, $87,000; Mr. Hixon, $570,000; and Mr. Manion, $410,000. In addition, each Named Executive Officer would be eligible for retiree life insurance coverage under the Corporation’s group life insurance program in the following amounts: Mr. Squires and Mr. Shaw, $5,000; and Ms. Stewart, Ms. Earhart, Mr. Wheeler, Mr. Hixon and Mr. Manion, $50,000.

For a Change in Control, the change-in-control agreements for Mr. Squires, Ms. Stewart and Ms. Earhart obligate us to pay the premiums on the Named Executive Officers’ life insurance policies as if the Named Executive Officer terminated due to retirement under the Executive Life Insurance Plan.

CHANGE-IN-CONTROL AGREEMENTS
GENERALLY
We have entered into change-in-control agreements with a number of key executives, including our Named Executive Officers. A Named Executive Officer will only receive the benefits provided under these agreements if:

a change in control of Norfolk Southern occurs, and

within two years of the change in control, we terminate the Named Executive Officer’s employment for any reason other than for “cause,” death, total disability or mandatory retirement, or the Named Executive Officer terminates his or her employment with us for “good reason.”

DEFINITION OF CHANGE IN CONTROL
Generally, under these agreements, a change in control is defined as:

a merger, sale of all or substantially all of our assets or similar fundamental transaction which results in our shareholders holding less than 80% of the voting power of the combined company;

a shareholder-approved consolidation or dissolution pursuant to a recommendation of our Board of Directors;

a change in the composition of the Board of Directors that results in less than a majority of Board members having either (i) served on the Board for at least two years or (ii) been nominated or elected to be a director by at least two-thirds of directors who had at least two years of service at the time of the director’s nomination or election;

any person or organization acquires more than 20% of our voting stock; or

a determination by the Board that an event similar to those listed above has occurred or is imminent.

As noted below, the Named Executive Officers are entitled to accelerated payouts of amounts deferred under the Officers’ Deferred Compensation Plan and the Executives’ Deferred Compensation Plan (“EDCP”) upon a change in control. For amounts deferred after 2004 under the EDCP, only events described above that also constitute a change in control as defined in the regulations to Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code will result in accelerated distribution of those amounts.


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Table of Contents

Executive Compensation | 2017 Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement


BENEFITS PAYABLE UPON TERMINATION FOLLOWING A CHANGE IN CONTROL
Under our change-in-control agreements with Mr. Squires, Ms. Stewart and Ms. Earhart, the Named Executive Officers who become entitled to the benefits under those agreements are generally entitled to receive:

two or three times annual base salary plus incentive pay, as specified in each individual’s agreement;

accrued but unpaid compensation;

a cash payment for unearned performance share units awarded and as to which the performance cycle has not been completed, but excluding the value of any accelerated turnaround incentive (ATI) performance share units;

all dividend equivalents to which they would have been entitled had their employment not been terminated;

early payout of compensation that was deferred under our nonqualified deferred compensation plans and a cash payment equal to the present value of the deferred compensation that would have been payable if the participant retired at age 65, as provided by the change-in-control agreements;

accrued pension benefits, as modified by years of service and average final compensation enhancements provided by the change-in-control agreements;

unused vacation for the year of termination, plus vacation for the following year;

continued payment of premiums on the Named Executive Officer’s life insurance policy under our Executive Life Insurance Plan; and