Selling, General and Administrative - Selling, general and administrative expenses were $3.0 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2009 compared to $2.1 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2008. The December 2009 SG&A has a total of $2.44 million of one time charges, about $1.85 million relating to the deconsolidation of Sricon, and $587 thousand relating to the extinguishment of the debt. Adjusting for the one-time charges the SG&A for the quarter ended December 31, 2009 would be around $600 thousand, or around 10% of revenue, compared to $2.1 million, or around 55% of revenue, incurred in the quarter ended December 31, 2008. The SG&A for the quarter ended December 31, 2009 also had increased legal fees from the capital raise as well as the deconsolidation.
Operating Income (loss) - In the quarter ended December 31, 2009, operating loss was $2.6 million compared to an operating loss of $1.4 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2008. The operating loss in the quarter ended December 2009, stem partly from a large one-time charge of $2.44 M in SG&A reflecting the de consolidation of Sricon and the extinguishment of debt. With an adjustment for one-time charges the operating loss for the quarter is around $127 thousand. We expect operating income to increase as our revenue ramps up and our quarries become operational.
Early extinguishment of debt, interest expense, and amortization of debt discount – the early extinguishment of debt resulted in a one-time charge of about $586,785 thousand, that is included in the SG&A. The interest expense and amortization of debt discount for the quarter ended December 31, 2009 was $430,837 compared to $442,265 for the quarter ended December 31, 2008. The interest expense and amortization of debt discount are for $5.11 million of short and long term debt. The annual effective rate of interest is 34%, albeit much of it non-cash. If the Company raises equity and pays of some of the loans, it can potentially save around $400,000 per quarter, or $1.6 million a year, which would increase our bottom line substantially.
AOCI & Loss on dilution of Sricon – AOCI stands for Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. As a result of the deconsolidation of Sricon, we have taken a one-time charge for about $2.1 million, which represents a portion of the Other Comprehensive Income of Sricon that accumulated from the time that IGC acquired 63% of Sricon. We recorded a one-time loss of $1.1 million, as a result of decreasing our ownership from 63% to 22.3% in Sricon and extinguishing the loan of $17.9 million due to Sricon.
Inter Company Loans- IGC borrowed $17.9 million from Sricon. As a result of the decrease in ownership, this loan is eliminated.
Consolidated Net Income (loss) – Consolidated Net loss for the quarter ended December 31, 2009 was ($6.2) million compared to a consolidated net loss of ($2.3) million for the quarter ended December 31, 2008. The net loss in the 2009 December quarter includes one-time and non-cash charges of $6.0 million.
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and working capital – As on December 31, 2009 the company had $3.9 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Restricted cash is cash in a fixed deposit used to secure a bank guarantee. For the quarter ended December 31, 2009 the Company had about $4.9 million in working capital.
Stock holders equity and Total Assets: Compared to March 31, 2009 our stock holders equity decreased from $23.6 million to $21.9 million and our total assets decreased from $51.8 million to $35.9 million, mostly based on the de consolidation of Sricon. The decrease in the balance sheet ($15.9) million is primarily due to elimination of debt ($17.9) million that was owed to Sricon, along with accounting adjustments.
Nine Months Ended December 31, 2009 Compared to Nine Months Ended December 31, 2008
Revenue - Total revenue was $13.99 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2009, as compared to $32.3 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2008. The lower revenue for the nine months ended December 31, 2009 is from decreasing our contracts and backlog of work as a result of the financial turmoil.
Cost of Revenue - Cost of revenue consists primarily of compensation and related fringe benefits for project-related personnel, department management and all other dedicated project related costs and indirect costs. Cost of Revenue decreased by $12.1 million, compared to the nine-month period ended December 31, 2008. The decrease was caused by declining revenue and associated costs.
Selling, General and Administrative - Consists primarily of employee-related expenses, professional fees, other corporate expenses and allocated overhead. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $4.4 million for the nine-month period ended December 31, 2009 compared to $4.2 million for the nine-month period ended December 31, 2008, or 13.1% of revenue. The nine-month period ended December 31, 2009 included $2.44 million of one time charges related to the deconsolidation of Sricon. Net of deconsolidation charges the SG&A was about $2.0 million or about 14.3% of the revenue for the nine month period ended December 31, 2009.
Operating Income (loss) - In the nine-month period ended December 31, 2009, operating loss was ($2.8) million, compared to operating income of $3.4 million for the nine-month period ending December 31, 2008.
Net Interest Income (Expense) – Net interest expense decreased by $47 thousand compared to the nine-month period ending December 31, 2008.
Consolidated Net Income (loss) – Net loss for the nine months ended December 31, 2009 was ($7.2) million compared to consolidated net income of $562 thousand for the nine months ended December 31, 2008. As explained in the quarterly comparisons, one-time charges were taken in the quarter ended December 31, 2009 for the deconsolidation of Sricon as well as for the extinguishment of debt.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
This liquidity and capital resources discussion compares the consolidated company results for nine months period ended December 31, 2009 and 2008.
Cash used for operating activities from continuing operations is our net loss adjusted for certain non-cash items and changes in operating assets and liabilities. During the first nine months of 2009, cash used for operating activities was ($2.8) million compared to cash used for operating activities of ($6.3) million during the first nine months of 2008. The uses of cash in the first nine months of 2009 relate primarily to the payment of general operating expenses of our subsidiary companies. The large change is due to less business volume.
During the first nine months of 2009, investing activities from continuing operations used ($985) thousand of cash as compared to $2.6 million provided during the comparable period in 2008.
Financing cash flows from continuing operations consist primarily of transactions related to our debt and equity structure. In the first nine months of 2009 there was financing cash provided of approximately $3.7 million, compared to cash used of approximately ($2.3) million for the first nine months of 2008. The increase of cash from financing was due to the issuance of 1,599,000 shares of stock.
Our future liquidity needs will depend on, among other factors, stability of construction costs, interest rates, and a continued increase in infrastructure contracts in India. We believe that our current cash balances and anticipated operating cash flow will be sufficient to fund our normal operating requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, we may seek to secure additional capital to fund further growth of our business, or the repayment of debt, in the near term.
Annual Pro Forma and Adjusted Pro Forma Financial Information
In prior annual filings, we compared annual consolidated results of operations and cash flows to the preceding year. Since we acquired both TBL and Sricon at the close of year ending March 31, 2008, we believe a comparison of the December 31, 2009 consolidated results of operations and cash flows to March 31, 2008 is not an adequate comparison. Only the operating results for March 8, 2008 to March 31, 2008 are included in our 2008 consolidated results of operations and cash flows. To reflect a better comparison of operating results, we are presenting in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis section, the Pro Forma results of operations for the Company as if the acquisitions occurred on April 1, 2007 and April 1, 2008, respectively. We are basing our Pro Forma results of operations from (1) the audited financial statements of Sricon for the period ended March 7, 2008, (2) the unaudited financial statements of Sricon for the period March 8, 2008 to March 31, 2008, (3) the audited financial statements of TBL for the period ended March 7, 2008, (4) the unaudited financial statements of TBL for the period March 8, 2008 to March 31, 2008, and (5) the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended March 31, 2009 and 2008.
We believe that the presented Pro Forma financial statements and analysis is a more meaningful comparison of our operating results.
The following tables represent our Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Statements.
India Globalization Capital, Inc.
Adjusted Pro Forma Consolidated Statements of Operations
(unaudited)
|
|
Year Ended
March 31, 2009
|
|
|
Year Ended
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
Percentage Increase (Decrease)
|
|
Revenue
|
|
$
|
35,338,725
|
|
|
$
|
30,123,348
|
|
|
$
|
17.3
|
%
|
Cost of revenue
|
|
|
(27,179,494
|
)
|
|
|
(22,462,592
|
)
|
|
|
21.0
|
%
|
Gross profit
|
|
|
8,159,231
|
|
|
|
7,660,756
|
|
|
|
6.5
|
%
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses
|
|
|
(4,977,815
|
)
|
|
|
(2,997,983
|
)
|
|
|
66.0
|
%
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
(873,022
|
)
|
|
|
(921,382
|
)
|
|
|
(5.2
|
%)
|
Operating income
|
|
|
2,308,394
|
|
|
|
3,741,392
|
|
|
|
(38.3
|
%)
|
Legal and formation, travel and other start up costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,765,620
|
)
|
|
|
(100.0
|
%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(1,753,952
|
)
|
|
|
(3,411,357
|
)
|
|
|
48.6
|
%
|
Interest income
|
|
|
1,176,018
|
|
|
|
319,984
|
|
|
|
267.5
|
%
|
Other Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,997,495
|
|
|
|
(100.0
|
%)
|
Income / (loss) before income taxes
|
|
|
1,730,461
|
|
|
|
(2,118,106
|
)
|
|
|
(181.7
|
%)
|
Provision for income taxes, net
|
|
|
(1,535,087
|
)
|
|
|
(946,939
|
)
|
|
|
(62.1
|
%)
|
Income after Income Taxes
|
|
|
195,373
|
|
|
|
(3,065,046
|
)
|
|
|
106.4
|
%
|
Provision for Dividend on Preference Stock and its Tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minority interest
|
|
|
(716,950
|
)
|
|
|
(1,343,845
|
)
|
|
|
46.6
|
%
|
Net income / (loss)
|
|
$
|
(521,576
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,408,891
|
)
|
|
$
|
88.2
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income / (loss) per share: basic and diluted
|
|
$
|
(0.05
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average number of shares outstanding-basic and diluted
|
|
|
10,091,171
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro Forma Adjustments
The Consolidated Pro Forma Statement of Operations contains US GAAP to Pro Forma adjustments consisting of the elimination of interest income held in trust and provision for income taxes. Had the merger occurred during April 1, 2007, interest income in the amount of $2,192,402 would not have been earned because funds as reported in US GAAP results would have not been held in trust. Therefore, we eliminate the applicable interest earned from the Pro Forma statement of operations for the year ended March 31, 2008. Accordingly, the provision for income taxes is reduced by $16,955.
Year Ended March 31, 2009 and March 31, 2008
The following discussion relates to IGC for the years ended March 31, 2009 and March 31, 2008:
Revenues
Total pro forma revenue increased 17.1% from $35.3 million for the year ended March 31, 2009, as compared to $30.1 million for the year ended March 31, 2008. Due to increased liquidity requirements in maintaining a high level of growth, we have curtailed the number of contracts we are working on by sub-contracting some and cancelling others.
Cost of Revenues
Costs of revenue consists primarily of compensation and related fringe benefits for project-related personnel, department management and all other dedicated project related costs and indirect costs. Cost of revenue increased by 4.7 million or 21.0%, compared to the year ended March 31, 2008. The increase was due to the increase of construction material.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Consist primarily of employee-related expenses, professional fees, other corporate expenses and allocated overhead. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $2 million or 67.5% for the year ended March 31, 2009, compared to the year ended March 31, 2008. The increase in SG&A stem partly from overheads related to US compliance, USGAAP filings with the SEC, and legal costs associated with the warrant tender offer and general fund raising activity.
Net Interest Income (Expense) – Net interest expense increased by $484 thousand for the year ended March 31, 2009 compared to the year ended March 31, 2008. The main reason is that the interest income from money in trust is not included in the pro forma statements.
Net Income (loss)
Net loss for the years ended March 31, 2009 and March 31, 2008 was $522 thousand and $4.4 million, respectively. The 2008 net loss included compensation expense, legal, interest expense, formation, travel, other and start-up costs net of interest income related to the cash held in our trust account. The 2009 loss includes approximately $1.5 million of one time expenses related to fund raising and non cash expenses related to warrants, as well as approximately $300,000 of losses due to a strengthening US dollar against the Indian Rupee.
Impairment of Goodwill
As a result of our annual impairment tests which occurred during the fourth quarter, we have not recorded an impairment adjustment to goodwill. Factors that influence the analysis include, contracts, potential contracts, ability to grow the quarry and ore business, among others. While there is an overall liquidity constraint and we require more cash to grow, the market potential for the infrastructure business in India remains unabated.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a) (4) (ii) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash used for operating activities from continuing operations is our net loss adjusted for certain non-cash items and changes in operating assets and liabilities. During the first three months of 2009, cash used for operating activities was $470 thousand compared to cash used for operating activities of $5.5 million during the first three months of 2008. The uses of cash in the first three months of 2009 relates primarily to the payment of general operating expenses of our subsidiary companies. The large change is due to less business volume.
During the first three months of 2009, investing activities from continuing operations used $242 thousand of cash as compared to $5.3 million used during the comparable period in 2008.
Financing cash flows from continuing operations consist primarily of transactions related to our debt and equity structure. In the first three months of 2009 there was financing cash used of approximately $332 thousand, compared to cash provided of approximately $4.1 million for the first three months of 2008. The cash provided in 2009 was primarily due to use of bank credit lines. The cash used in 2008 was primarily due to repayment of long-term notes.
Our future liquidity needs will depend on, among other factors, stability of construction costs, interest rates, and a continued increase in infrastructure contracts in India. We believe that our current cash balances and anticipated operating cash flow, will be sufficient to fund our normal operating requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, we may seek to secure additional capital to fund further growth of our business, or the repayment of debt, in the near term.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risks
The primary objective of the following information is to provide forward-looking quantitative and qualitative information about our potential exposure to market risks. Market risk is the sensitivity of income to changes in interest rates, foreign exchanges, commodity prices, equity prices, and other market-driven rates or prices. The disclosures are not meant to be precise indicators of expected future losses, but rather, indicators of reasonably possible losses. This forward-looking information provides indicators of how we view and manage our ongoing market risk exposures.
Customer Risk
The Company’s customers are the Indian government, state government, private companies and Indian government owned companies. Therefore, our business requires that we continue to maintain a pre-qualified status with our clients so we are not disqualified from bidding on future work. The loss of a significant client, like the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI), may have an adverse effect on Company. Disqualification can occur if, for example, we run out of capital to finish contracts that we have undertaken.
Commodity Prices and Vendor Risk
The Company is affected by the availability, cost and quality of raw materials including cement, asphalt, steel, rock aggregate and fuel. The prices and supply of raw materials and fuel depend on factors beyond the control of the Company, including general economic conditions, competition, production levels, transportation costs and import duties. The Company typically builds contingencies into the contracts, including indexing key commodity prices into escalation clauses. However, drastic changes in the global markets for raw material and fuel could affect our vendors, which may create disruptions in delivery schedules that could affect our ability to execute contracts in a timely manner. We are taking steps to mitigate some of this risk by attempting to control the supply of raw materials. We do not currently hedge commodity prices on capital markets.
Labor Risk
The building boom in India and the Middle East (India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh export labor to the Middle East) had created pressure on the availability of skilled labor like welders, equipment operators, etc. While this has recently changed with the shortage of financial liquidity and falling oil prices, we expect a construction boom and although manageable, some regional shortage of skilled labor.
Compliance, Legal and Operational Risks
We operate under regulatory and legal obligations imposed by the Indian governments and U.S. securities regulators. Those obligations relate, among other things, to the company’s financial reporting, trading activities, capital requirements and the supervision of its employees. For example, we file our financial statements in three countries under three different Generally Accepted Accounting Standards, (GAAP). Failure to fulfill legal or regulatory obligations can lead to fines, censure or disqualification of management and/or staff and other measures that could have negative consequences for our subsidiaries’ activities and financial performance. We are mitigating this risk by hiring local consultants and staff who can manage the compliance in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. However, the cost of compliance in various jurisdictions could have an impact on our future earnings.
Interest Rate Risk
The infrastructure development industry is one in which leverage plays a large role. A typical contract requires that we furnish an earnest money deposit and a performance guaranty. Furthermore, most contracts demand that we reserve between 7 and 11 percent of contract value in the form of bank guaranties and/or deposits. Finally, as interest rates rise, our cost of capital increases thus impacting our margins.
Exchange Rate Sensitivity
Our Indian subsidiaries conduct all business in Indian Rupees with the exception of foreign equipment that is purchased from the U.S. or Europe. Exchange rates have an insignificant impact on our financial results. However, as we convert from Indian Rupees to USD and subsequently report in U.S. dollars, we may see an impact on translated revenue and earnings. Essentially, a stronger USD decreases our reported earnings and a weakening USD increases our reported earnings.
Accounting Developments and their impact
In December 2007, the FASB issued ASC 810-10-65 “Consolidation — Transition and Open Effective Date Information” (previously referred to as SFAS No. 160, “Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51”). ASC 810-10 establishes accounting and reporting standards for a non-controlling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. ASC 810-10-65 establishes accounting and reporting standards that require (i) the ownership interest in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent to be clearly identified and presented in the consolidated balance sheet within equity, but separate from the parent’s equity, (ii) the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and the non-controlling interest to be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated statements of income, and (iii) changes in a parent’s ownership interest while the parent retains its controlling financial interest in its subsidiary to be accounted for consistently. Effective April 1, 2009, the Company adopted ASC 810-10-65. See “Consolidated Balance Sheets”, “Consolidated Statements of Income”, “Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss)”, and note 2 for information and related disclosures regarding non-controlling interest.
In December 2007, the FASB issued ASC 805 “Business Combinations” (previously referred to as SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations”, which was a revision of SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations”). This Statement establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interest in an acquiree; recognizes and measures the goodwill acquired in the business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase; and determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. Effective April 1, 2009, the Company adopted ASC 805 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
In February 2008, the FASB approved ASC 820-10 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (previously referred to as FASB Staff Position FAS No.157-2, “Effective Date of FASB statement No. 157” (FSP FAS 157-2), which grants a one-year deferral of SFAS No. 157’s fair-value measurement requirements for non-financial assets and liabilities, except for items that are measured or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis). Effective April 1, 2009, the Company has adopted ASC 820-10 for non-financial assets and liabilities. The adoption of ASC 820-10 for non-financial assets and liabilities did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
In November 2008, the FASB’s Emerging Issues Task Force reached a consensus on ASC 323-10 “Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures” (previously referred to as EITF Issue No. 08-6, “Equity Method Investment Accounting Considerations”). ASC 323-10 continues to account for the initial carrying value of equity method investments on a cost accumulation model, which generally excludes contingent consideration. ASC 323-10 also specifies that other-than-temporary impairment testing by the investor should be performed at the investment level and that a separate impairment assessment of the underlying assets is not required. An impairment charge by the investee should result in an adjustment of the investor’s basis of the impaired asset for the investor’s pro-rata share of such impairment. In addition, ASC 323-10 reached a consensus on how to account for an issuance of shares by an investee that reduces the investor’s ownership share of the investee. An investor should account for such transactions as if it had sold a proportionate share of its investment with any gains or losses recorded through earnings. ASC 323-10 also addresses the accounting for a change in an investment from the equity method to the cost method after adoption of ASC 810-10 (previously referred to as SFAS No. 160). ASC 323-10 affirms existing guidance which requires cessation of the equity method of accounting and application of ASC 320-10 (previously referred to as FASB Statement No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities”), or the cost method under ASC 323-10-35, as appropriate. Effective April 1, 2009, the Company adopted ASC 323-10 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
In April 2009, the FASB issued ASC 805-20 “Business Combinations — Identifiable Assets and Liabilities, and Any Non-controlling Interest” (previously referred to as FASB Staff Position FAS No. 141R-1, “Accounting for Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed in a Business Combination That Arise from Contingencies” (FSP FAS No. 141R-1). ASC 805-20 eliminates the distinction between contractual and non-contractual contingencies, including the initial recognition and measurement criteria, in ASC 805 and instead carries forward most of the provisions in FASB Statement No. 141, Business Combinations, for acquired contingencies. ASC 805-20 is effective for contingent assets or contingent liabilities acquired in business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Effective April 1, 2009, the Company adopted ASC 805-20 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
In April 2009, the FASB issued the following three ASCs intended to provide additional application guidance and enhance disclosures regarding fair value measurements and impairments of securities:
ASC 820-10-65 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures — Transition and Open Effective Date Information” (previously referred to as FASB Staff Positions FAS 157-4 “ Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly”) provides additional guidance for estimating fair value in accordance with ASC 820-10 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (previously referred to as SFAS No. 157) when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have decreased significantly. ASC 820-10-65 also provides guidance on identifying circumstances that indicate a transaction is not orderly. The provisions of ASC 820-10-65 are effective for the Company’s interim period ending on June 30, 2009. Effective April 1, 2009, the Company adopted ASC 820-10-65 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
ASC 825-10-65 “Financial Instruments - Transition and Open Effective Date Information” (previously referred to as FASB Staff Positions FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1, “Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments”), requires disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments in interim reporting periods of publicly traded companies that were previously only required to be disclosed in annual financial statements. The provisions of ASC 825-10-65 are effective for the Company’s interim period ending on June 30, 2009. Effective April 1, 2009, the Company adopted ASC 825-10-65 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
ASC 320-10-65 “Investments-Debt and Equity Securities - Transition and Open Effective Date Information” (previously referred to as FASB Staff Positions FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2, “Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments”) amends current other-than-temporary impairment guidance in U.S. GAAP for debt securities to make the guidance more operational and to improve the presentation and disclosure of other-than-temporary impairments on debt and equity securities in the financial statements. This ASC does not amend existing recognition and measurement guidance related to other-than-temporary impairments of equity securities. The provisions of ASC 320-10-65 are effective for the Company’s interim period ending on June 30, 2009. Effective April 1, 2009, the Company adopted ASC 320-10-65 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
In May 2009, the FASB issued ASC 855-10 “Subsequent events” (previously referred to as SFAS No. 165, “Subsequent Events” (“SFAS 165”)), which provides guidance to establish general standards of accounting for and disclosures of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. ASC 855-10 also requires entities to disclose the date through which subsequent events were evaluated as well as the rationale for why that date was selected. ASC 855-10 is effective for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009. Effective April 1, 2009, the Company adopted ASC 855-10 which only requires additional disclosures and the adoption did not have any impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The Company evaluated all events or transactions that occurred after December 31, 2009 up through February 6, 2010. Based on this evaluation, the Company is not aware of any events or transactions that would require recognition or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.
In June 2009, the FASB issued ASC 105-10 “Generally Accepted Accounting Principles” (previously referred to as SFAS No. 168 “The FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles—a replacement of FASB Statement No. 162”). The FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“Codification”) will be the single source of authoritative nongovernmental U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under authority of federal securities laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for SEC registrants. ASC 105-10 is effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. All existing accounting standards are superseded as described in ASC 105-10. Effective October 1, 2009, the Company adopted ASC 105-10 and the adoption did not have any material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Recently issued accounting pronouncements
In October 2009, the FASB issued ASU 2009-13 (EITF No. 08-1) which amends ASC 605-25 “Revenue Recognition—Multiple-Element Arrangements”. ASU 2009-13 amends ASC 605-25 to eliminate the requirement that all undelivered elements have Vendor Specific Objective Evidence (VSOE) or Third Party Evidence (TPE) before an entity can recognize the portion of an overall arrangement fee that is attributable to items that already have been delivered. In the absence of VSOE or TPE of the standalone selling price for one or more delivered or undelivered elements in a multiple-element arrangement, the overall arrangement fee will be allocated to each element (both delivered and undelivered items) based on their relative estimated selling prices. Application of the “residual method” of allocating an overall arrangement fee between delivered and undelivered elements will no longer be permitted upon adoption of ASU 2009-13. The provisions of ASU 2009-13 will be effective prospectively for revenue arrangements entered into or materially modified in fiscal years beginning on or after June 15, 2010. Early adoption will be permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of adoption of the provisions of the ASU 2009-13 on the Company’s consolidated financial Statements.
In August 2009, the FASB issued ASU 2009-05 which amends Subtopic 820-10 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” for the fair value measurement of liabilities. ASU 2009-05 provides clarification that in circumstances in which a quoted price in an active market for the identical liability is not available, an entity is required to measure fair value utilizing one or more of the following techniques (1) a valuation technique that uses the quoted market price of an identical liability or similar liabilities when traded as assets; or (2) another valuation technique that is consistent with the principles of Topic 820, such as a present value technique or a market approach. The provisions of ASU No. 2009-05 are effective for the first reporting period (including the interim periods) beginning after issuance. The provisions of ASU No. 2009-05 will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after August 27, 2009. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of the provisions of the ASU 2009-05 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards if currently adopted would have a material effect on the accompanying financial statements.
Background of India Globalization Capital, Inc. (IGC)
IGC, a Maryland corporation, was organized on April 29, 2005 as a blank check company formed for the purpose of acquiring one or more businesses with operations primarily in India through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition or other similar business combination or acquisition. On March 8, 2006, we completed an initial public offering. On February 19, 2007, we incorporated India Globalization Capital, Mauritius, Limited (IGC-M), a wholly owned subsidiary, under the laws of Mauritius. On March 7, 2008, we consummated the acquisition of 63% of the equity of Sricon Infrastructure Private Limited (Sricon) and 77% of the equity of Techni Bharathi Limited (TBL). The shares of the two Indian companies, Sricon and TBL, are held by IGC-M. Most of the shares of Sricon and TBL acquired by IGC were purchased directly from the companies. IGC purchased a portion of the shares from the existing owners of the companies. The founders and management of Sricon own 78% of Sricon (after giving effect to the deconsolidation described below) and the founders and management of TBL own 23% of TBL.
The acquisitions were accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. Under this method of accounting, for accounting and financial purposes, IGC-M, Limited was treated as the acquiring entity and Sricon and TBL as the acquired entities.
On February 19, 2009 IGC-M beneficially purchased 100% of IGC Mining and Trading, Limited (IGC-IMT based in Chennai, India). IGC-IMT was formed on December 16, 2008 as a privately held start-up company engaged in the business of mining and trading. Its current activity is to operate a shipping hub and export iron ore to China. On July 4, 2009, IGC-M beneficially purchased 100% of IGC Materials, Private Limited (IGC-MPL based in Nagpur, India), which will conduct IGC’s quarrying business, and 100% of IGC Logistics, Private Limited (IGC-LPL based in Nagpur, India), which will be involved in the transport and delivery of ore, cement, aggregate and other material. Each of IGC-IMT, IGC-MPL and IGC-LPL were formed by third parties at the behest of IGC-M to facilitate the creation of the subsidiaries, and the purchase price paid for each of IGC-IMT. IGC-MPL and IGC-LPL was equal to the expenses incurred in incorporating the respective entities with no premium paid. No officer or director of IGC had a financial interest in the subsidiaries at the time of their acquisition by IGC-M. India Globalization Capital, Inc. (the Registrant, the Company, or we) and its subsidiaries are significantly engaged in one segment, infrastructure construction.
Effective October 1, 2009 we decreased our ownership in Sricon Infrastructure from 63% to 22.3%. On March 7, 2008 we consummated the Sricon Acquisition by purchasing a 63% interest for about $29 million (based on an exchange rate of 40 INR for $1 USD). We subsequently borrowed around $17.9 million (based on 40 INR for 1 USD) from Sricon. Through 2008 and 2009 we expanded our business offerings beyond construction to include a rapidly growing materials business. We have successfully repositioned the company as a materials and construction company; with construction activity in our TBL subsidiary and materials activity in our other subsidiaries. Rather than continue to owe Sricon $17.9 million, and more importantly, continue to fund two construction companies, we decreased our ownership in Sricon by an amount proportionate to the loan. The impact of this is that we no longer owe Sricon $17.9 million and our corresponding ownership is a non-controlling interest. The deconsolidation of Sricon from the balance sheet of IGC, results in shrinking the IGC balance sheet and a one-time charge on the P&L. Post deconsolidation, earnings and losses from Sricon are accounted for using the equity method of accounting.
IGC’s organizational structure is as follows:
Unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this report to the “Company”, “IGC”, “we”, “our”, and “us” refer to India Globalization Capital, Inc, together with its wholly owned subsidiary IGC-M, its direct and indirect subsidiaries (TBL, IGC-IMT, IGC-MPL and IGC-LPL) and Sricon, in which we hold a non-controlling interest.
Overview
Techni Bharathi Limited (“TBL”) was incorporated as a public (but not listed on the stock market) limited company on June 19, 1982 in Cochin, India. TBL is an engineering and construction company engaged in the execution of civil construction and structural engineering projects. TBL has a focus in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Assam and Tamil Nadu. Its present and past clients include various Indian government organizations. The overall lack of liquidity led TBL to curtail its construction contracts and cut its costs through layoffs. TBL is re-focused on smaller construction contracts and the settlement of claims.
IGC-Mauritius (IGC-M), through its wholly owned Indian subsidiaries (IGC India Mining and Trading (IGC-IMT), IGC Materials, Private Limited (IGC-MPL) and IGC Logistics, Private Limited (IGC-LPL), is also involved in the building of rock quarries, the export of iron ore and the transport of materials. IGC-M operates a shipping hub in the Krishnapatnam port on the west coast of India and one at Goa on the east coast of India. We aggregate ore from smaller mines before shipping to China. We are also engaged in the production of rock aggregate and the development of rock quarries. Rock aggregate is used in the construction of roads, railways, dams, and other infrastructure development. We are in the process of developing several quarries through partnerships with landowners. Iron ore is rock and minerals from which metallic iron can be extracted. The primary form used in industry today is hematite and is often the principle raw material used to make “pig iron”, a material critical to the production of industrial steel.
Industry Overview
The CIA World Fact Book estimates the the Indian GDP around $1.095 Trillion for 2009. According to the World Bank, only fourteen economies including India, Mexico and Australia generated more than $1 Trillion in GDP in 2008. According to the CIA World Fact Book, India’s growth rates have been ranging from 6.2% to 9.6% since 2003. The GDP growth rate for fiscal year ending March 31, 2008 was 7.4% (estimated) and 7.5% for 2009 (estimated). The Indian stock markets experienced significant growth with the SENSEX peaking at 21,000 (January 8, 2008). The current global financial crisis created a liquidity crunch starting in October 2008, which has partially abated.
India’s GDP growth for fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 is estimated to be about the same as 2008’s growth rate. The slowing of the GDP was caused by the global financial crisis. However, it does indicate that India has withstood the global downturn better than many nations. The factors contributing to maintaining the relatively high growth included growth in the agriculture and service industries, favorable demographic dynamics (India has a large youth population that exceeds 550 Million), the savings rate and spending habits of the Indian middle class. Other factors are attributed to changing investment patterns, increasing consumerism, healthy business confidence, inflows of foreign investment (India ranks #2 behind China in the A.T. Kearney “FDI Confidence Index” for 2007) and improvements in the Indian banking system.
To sustain India’s fast growing economy, the share of infrastructure investment in India is expected to increase to 9 per cent of GDP by 2014, which is an increase from 5 per cent in 2006-07. This forecast is based on The Indian Planning Commission’s statement in its annual publication that for the Eleventh Plan period (2007-12), a large investment of approximately $494 Billion is required for Infrastructure build out and modernization. This industry is one of the largest employers in the country – the construction industry alone employs more than 30 million people. According to the Business Monitor International (BMI), by 2012, the construction industry’s contribution to India’s GDP is forecasted to be 16.98%.
This ambitious infrastructure development mandate by the Indian Government will require funding. The Government of India has already raised funds from multi-lateral agencies such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. The India Infrastructure Company was set up to support projects by guaranteeing up to $2 Billion annually. In addition, the Indian Government has identified public-private partnerships (PPP) as the cornerstone of its infrastructure development policy. The government is also proactively seeking additional FDI and approval is not required for up to 100% of FDI in most infrastructure areas. According to Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, addressing the Finance Ministers of ASEAN countries, at the Indo ASEAN Summit at New Delhi, in August 2007, India needs $150 billion at the rate of $15 billion per annum for the next 10 years.
The Government of India is also permitting External Commercial Borrowings (ECB’s) as a source of financing Indian Companies looking to expand existing capacity as well as incubation for new startups. ECB’s include commercial bank loans, buyers' credit, suppliers' credit, securitized instruments such as Floating Rate Notes and Fixed Rate Bonds, credit from official export credit agencies, and commercial borrowings from private sector Multilateral Financial Institutions such as International Finance Corporation (Washington), ADB, AFIC, CDC, etc. National credit policies seek to keep an annual cap or ceiling on access to ECB, consistent with prudent debt management. Also, these policies seek to encourage greater emphasis on infrastructure projects and core sectors such as power, oil exploration, telecom, railways, roads & bridges, ports, industrial parks, urban infrastructure, and fosters exporting.
Applicants will be free to raise ECB from any internationally recognized source such as banks, export credit agencies, suppliers of equipment, foreign collaborators, foreign equity-holders, and international capital markets.
ECB can be accessed in two methods, namely, the Automatic Route and the Approval Route. The Automatic Route is primarily for investment in Indian infrastructure, and will not require Reserve Bank of India (RBI)/Government approval. The maximum amount of ECB’s under the Automatic Route raised by an eligible borrower is limited to $500 million during any financial year. The following are additional requirements under the Automatic route:
a) ECB up to $20 million or equivalent with minimum average maturity of 3 years.
b) ECB above $20 million and up to $500 million or equivalent with minimum average maturity of 5 years.
Some of the areas where ECB’s are utilized is the National Highway Development Project and the National Maritime Development Program. In addition, the following represent some of the major infrastructure projects planned for the next five years:
1.
|
Constructing dedicated freight corridors between Mumbai-Delhi and Ludhiana-Kolkata.
|
2.
|
Capacity addition of 485 million MT in Major Ports, 345 million MT in Minor Ports.
|
3.
|
Modernization and redevelopment of 21 railway stations.
|
4.
|
Developing 16 million hectares through major, medium and minor irrigation works.
|
5.
|
Modernization and redevelopment of 4 metro and 35 non-metro airports.
|
6.
|
Expansion to six-lanes 6,500 km (4,038 Miles) of Golden Quadrilateral and selected National Highways.
|
7.
|
Constructing 228,000 miles of new rural roads, while renewing and upgrading the existing 230,000 miles covering 78,304 rural habitations.
|
Our operations are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including among others, dependency on the Indian and Asian economy and government policies, competitively priced raw materials, dependence upon key members of the management team and increased competition from existing and new entrants.
Our Securities
We have three securities listed on the NYSE Amex: (1) common stock, $.0001 par value (ticker symbol: IGC), (2) redeemable warrants to purchase common stock (ticker symbol: IGC.WS) and (3) units consisting of one share of common stock and two redeemable warrants to purchase common stock (ticker symbol: IGC.U). On March 8, 2006, we sold 11,304,500 units in our initial public offering. These 11,304,500 units include 9,830,000 units sold to the public and the over-allotment option of 1,474,500 units exercised by the underwriters of the public offering. The units may be separated into common stock and warrants. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $5.00. The warrants expire on March 3, 2011, or earlier upon redemption. The registration statement for initial public offering was declared effective on March 2, 2006. The warrants are exercisable and may be exercised by contacting the Company or the transfer agent Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company. We have a right to call the warrants, provided the common stock has traded at a closing price of at least $8.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period ending on the third business day prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given. If we call the warrants, the holder will either have to redeem the warrants by purchasing the common stock from us for $5.00 or the warrants will expire.
On March 7, 2008, we bought and redeemed a total of 6,159,346 shares. As a result of the redemption and the subsequent issuance of 210,000 shares of common stock in private placements, on September 30, 2008, we had 8,780,107 shares outstanding (including shares sold to our founders in a private placement prior to the public offering) and 24,874,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance upon exercise of redeemable warrants and underwriters’ purchase option.
On January 9, 2009 we completed an exchange of 11,943,878 public and private warrants for 1,311,064 new shares of common stock.
In September 2009 we sold 1,599,000 shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 319,800 shares of our common stock (the “New Warrants”) in a registered direct offering. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $1.60. The warrants expire on September 18 2012. The New Warrants are exercisable and may be exercised by contacting the Company or the transfer agent Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company. We do not have a right to call the New Warrants.
On October 5, 2009, the Company issued 530,000 new shares of common stock as partial consideration for the exchange of an outstanding promissory note for a new note with an extended maturity date
On October 16, 2009, the Company issued 530,000 new shares of common stock in a private placement in connection with the sale of a promissory note to an investor.
In November 2009 we sold 3,300 shares of our common stock in a registered at the market offering.
Between January 1, 2010 and April 6, 2010 we sold 95,916 shares of our common stock in a registered at the market offering.
Following the issuance of the shares in the preceding transactions, we have 12,994,207 shares of common stock outstanding, warrants to purchase 11,855,122 shares of common stock outstanding and New Warrants to purchase 268,800 shares of common stock outstanding.
Core Business Competencies
We offer an integrated approach in our customer service delivery based on core competencies that we have demonstrated over the years. This integrated approach provides us with an advantage over our competitors.
Our core business competencies include the following:
Highway and heavy construction:
The Indian government has articulated a plan to build and modernize Indian infrastructure. The government’s plan, calls for spending over $475 billion over the next five years for the expansion and construction of rural roads, major highways, airports, seaports, freight corridors, railroads and townships. A significant number of our customers involve highway and heavy construction contracts.
Mining and Quarrying
As Indian infrastructure modernizes, the demand for raw materials like stone aggregate, coal, ore and similar resources is projected to increase. In 2006, according to the Freedonia Group, India was the fourth largest stone aggregate market in the world with demand of up to 1.1 billion metric tons. We are in the process of teaming with landowners to build out rock quarries; in addition we have licenses for the installation and production of rock aggregate quarries. Our mining and trading activity centers on the export of Iron ore to China. India is the fourth largest producer of ore.
Construction and maintenance of high temperature plants
We have an expertise in the civil engineering, construction and maintenance of high temperature plants. This requires specialized skills to build and maintain high temperature chimneys and kilns.
Customers
Over the past 10 years, Sricon has qualified in all states in India and has worked in several, including Maharashtra, Gujarat, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. The National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) awards interstate highway contracts on a national level, while intra-state contracts are awarded by state agencies. The National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) awards contacts for civil work associated with power plants. The National Coal Limited (NCL) awards large mining contracts. Our customers include, or have included, NHAI, NTPC, and various state public works departments. Sricon is registered across India and is qualified to bid on contracts anywhere in India. For the export of iron ore from India, we are developing customers in Asia including China.
Contract bidding process
In order to create transparency, the Indian government has centralized the contract awarding process for building inter-state roads. The new process is as follows: At the “federal” level, as an example, NHAI publishes a Statement of Work for an interstate highway construction project. The Statement of Work has a detailed description of the work to be performed as well as the completion time frame. The bidder prepares two proposals in response to the Statement of Work. The first proposal demonstrates technical capabilities, prior work experience, specialized machinery, and manpower required, and other criteria required to complete the project. The second proposal includes a financial bid. NHAI evaluates the technical bids and short lists technically qualified companies. Next, the short list of technically qualified companies are invited to place a detailed financial bid and show adequate financial strength in terms of revenue, net worth, credit lines, and balance sheets. Typically, the lowest bid wins the contract. Also, contract bidders must demonstrate an adequate level of capital reserves such as the following: 1) An earnest money deposit between 2% to 10% of project costs, 2) performance guarantee of between 5% and 10%, 3) adequate working capital and 4) additional capital for plant and machinery. Bidding qualifications for larger NHAI projects are set by NHAI which are imposed on each contractor. As the contractor executes larger highway projects, the ceiling is increased by NHAI.
Our Growth Strategy and Business Model
Our business model for the construction business is simple. We bid on construction, over burden removal at mining sites and or maintenance contracts. Successful bids increase our backlog of orders, which favorably impacts our revenues and margins. The contracting process typically takes approximately six months. Over the years, we have been successful in winning one out of every seven bids on average. We currently have one bid team. In the next year we will focus on the following: 1) build out between two and five rock quarries, begin production and obtain long term contracts for the sale of rock aggregate, 2) leverage our shipping hub, develop a second shipping hub, obtain long term contracts for the delivery and sale of iron ore, 3) execute and expand recurring contracts for infrastructure build out, 4) aggressively pursue the collection of accounts receivables and delay claims.
Competition
We operate in an industry that is fairly competitive. However, there is a large gap in the supply of well qualified and financed contractors and the demand for contractors. Large domestic and international firms compete for jumbo contracts over $250 million in size, while locally based contractors vie for contracts less than $5 million. The recent capital markets crisis has made it more difficult for smaller companies to maturate into mid-sized companies, as their access to capital has been restrained. Therefore, we would like to be positioned in the $5 million to $50 million contract range, above locally based contractors and below the large firms, creating a distinct technical and financial advantage in this market niche. Rock aggregate is supplied to the industry through small crushing units, which supply low quality material. Frequently, high quality aggregate is unavailable, or is transported over large distances. We fill this gap by providing high quality material in large quantities. We compete on price, quantity and quality. Iron ore is produced in India where our core assets are located, and exported to China. While this is a fairly established business, we compete by aggregating ore from smaller suppliers who do not have access to customers outside India. Further, at our second shipping hub we expect to install a crusher that can grind ore pebbles into dust, again providing a value added service to the smaller mine owners.
Seasonality
The construction industry (road building) typically experiences recurring and natural seasonal patterns throughout India. The North East Monsoons, historically, arrive on June 1, followed by the South West Monsoons, which usually lasts intermittently until September. Historically, the monsoon months are slower than the other months because of the rains. Activity such as engineering, maintenance of high temperature plants, and export of iron ore are less susceptible to the rains. The reduced paced in construction activity has historically been used to bid and win contracts. The contract bidding activity is typically very high during the monsoon season in preparation for work activity when the rains abate. During the monsoon season the rock quarries operate to build up and distribute reserves to the various construction sites.
Employees and Consultants
As of December 31, 2009, we employed a work force of approximately 400 employees and contract workers worldwide. Employees are typically skilled workers including executives, welders, drivers, and other specialized experts. Contract workers require less specialized skills. We make diligent efforts to comply with all employment and labor regulations, including immigration laws in the many jurisdictions in which we operate. In order to attract and retain skilled employees, we have implemented a performance based incentive program, offered career development programs, improved working conditions, and provided United States work assignments, technology training, and other fringe benefits. We are hoping that our efforts will make our companies more attractive. While we have not done so yet, we are exploring adopting best practices for creating and providing vastly improved labor camps for our labor force. We are hoping that our efforts will make our companies “employers of choice” and best of breed. As of December 31, 2009 our Executive Chairman, Chief Executive Officer is Ram Mukunda and our Non Executive Chairman is Ranga Krishna. Our over all Country Head in India is Mr. K. Parthasarathy. Our Managing Director for Construction is Ravindra Lal Srivastava, our Managing Director for Materials, Mining and Trading is P. M. Shivaraman. Our Treasurer and Principal Accounting officer is John Selvaraj. Our General Manager of Accounting based in India is Santhosh Kumar. We also utilize the services of several consultants who provide USGAAP systems expertise among others.
Environmental Regulations
India has very strict environmental, occupational, health and safety regulations. In most instances, the contracting agency regulates and enforces all regulatory requirements. We internally monitor and manage regulatory issues on a continuous basis, and we believe that we are in compliance in all material respects with the regulatory requirements of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Furthermore, we do not believe that compliance will have a material adverse effect on our business activities.
Information and timely reporting
Our operations are located in India where the accepted accounting standards is Indian GAAP, which in many cases, is not congruent to USGAAP. Indian accounting standards are evolving towards adopting IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards). We annually conduct PCAOB (USGAAP) audits for the company. We acknowledge that this process is at times cumbersome and places significant restraints on our existing staff. We believe we are still 6 to 12 months away from having processes and adequately trained personal in place to meet the reporting timetables set out by the U.S. reporting requirements. Until then we expect to file for extensions to meet the reporting timetables. We will make available on our website, www.indiaglobalcap.com, our annual reports, quarterly reports, proxy statements as well as up to- date investor presentations. Our SEC filings are also available at www.sec.gov.
Our Directors, Executive Officers and Advisory Board Members
The board of directors, executive officers, advisors and key employees of IGC, Sricon and TBL are as follows:
Directors, Executive Officers and Special Advisors of IGC
Name
|
Age
|
Position
|
Dr. Ranga Krishna
|
45
|
Non Executive Chairman
|
Ram Mukunda
|
51
|
Chief Executive Officer, Executive Chairman, President and Director
|
John Selvaraj
|
65
|
Principal Accounting Officer
|
Sudhakar Shenoy
|
62
|
Director
|
Richard Prins
|
52
|
Director
|
Suhail Nathani
|
44
|
Director
|
Larry Pressler
|
67
|
Special Advisor
|
|
|
|
P.G. Kakodkar
|
73
|
Special Advisor
|
Shakti Sinha
|
53
|
Special Advisor
|
Dr. Prabuddha Ganguli
|
60
|
Special Advisor
|
Dr. Anil K. Gupta
|
60
|
Special Advisor
|
Directors and Executive Officers of TBL
Name
|
Age
|
Position
|
Jortin Antony
|
43
|
Director
|
M. Santhosh Kumar
|
44
|
General Manager of Accounting
|
Ram Mukunda
|
51
|
Director
|
Ranga Krishna, has served as our Chairman of the Board since December 15, 2005. Dr. Krishna previously served as a Director from May 25, 2005 to December 15, 2005 and as our Special Advisor from April 29, 2005 through June 29, 2005. In 1998, he founded Rising Sun Holding, LLC, a $120 million construction and land banking company. In September 1999, he co-founded Fastscribe, Inc., an Internet-based medical and legal transcription company with its operations in India with over 200 employees. He has served as a director of Fastscribe since September 1999. He is currently the Managing Partner. In February 2003, Dr. Krishna founded International Pharma Trials, Inc., a company with operations in India and over 150 employees, which assists U.S. pharmaceutical companies performing Phase II clinical trials in India. He is currently the Chairman and CEO of that company. In April 2004, Dr. Krishna founded Global Medical Staffing Solutions, Inc., a company that recruits nurses and other medical professionals from India and places them in U.S. hospitals. Dr. Krishna is currently serving as the Chairman and CEO of that company. On November 7, 2008 he joined the board of TransTech Service Partners, a SPAC which initiated liquidation on May 23 rd, 2009. Dr. Krishna is a member of several organizations, including the American Academy of Neurology and the Medical Society of the State of New York. He is also a member of the Medical Arbitration panel for the New York State Worker’s Compensation Board. Dr. Krishna was trained at New York’s Mount Sinai Medical Center (1991-1994) and New York University (1994-1996).
Ram Mukunda has served as our Founder, Chief Executive Officer, President and a Director since our inception on April 29, 2005 and was Chairman of the Board from April 29, 2005 through December 15, 2005. Since September 2004 Mr. Mukunda has served as Chief Executive Officer of Integrated Global Networks, LLC, a communications contractor in the U.S. Government. From January 1990 to May 2004, Mr. Mukunda served as Founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Startec Global Communications, an international telecommunications carrier focused on providing voice over Internet protocol (VOIP) services to the emerging economies. Startec was among the first carriers to have a direct operating agreement with India for the provision of telecom services. Mr. Mukunda was responsible for the organizing, structuring, and integrating a number of companies owned by Startec. Many of these companies provided strategic investments in India-based operations or provided services to India-based companies. Under Mr. Mukunda’s tenure at Startec, the company made an initial public offering of its equity securities in 1997 and conducted a public high-yield debt offering in 1998.
From June 1987 to January 1990, Mr. Mukunda served as Strategic Planning Advisor at INTELSAT, a provider of satellite capacity. Mr. Mukunda serves on the Board of Visitors at the University of Maryland School of Engineering. From 2001-2003, he was a Council Member at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, Belfer Center of Science and International Affairs. Mr. Mukunda is the recipient of several awards, including the University of Maryland’s 2001 Distinguished Engineering Alumnus Award and the 1998 Ernst & Young, LLP’s Entrepreneur of the Year Award. He holds B.S. degrees in electrical engineering and mathematics and a MS in Engineering from the University of Maryland.
John B. Selvaraj has served as our Treasurer and Principal Accounting Officer since November 27, 2006. From November 15, 1997 to August 10, 2007, Mr. Selvaraj served in various capacities with Startec, Inc., including from January 2001 to April 2006 as Vice President of Finance and Accounting where he was responsible for SEC reporting and international subsidiary consolidation. Prior to joining Startec, from July 1984 to December 1994, Mr. Selvaraj served as the Chief Financial and Administration Officer for the US office of the European Union. In 1969, Mr. Selvaraj received a BBA in Accounting from Spicer Memorial College India, and an Executive MBA, in 1993, from Averette University, Virginia. Mr. Selvaraj is a Charted Accountant (CA, 1971).
Sudhakar Shenoy, has served as our Director since May 25, 2005. Since January 1981, Mr. Shenoy has been the Founder, Chairman and CEO of Information Management Consulting, Inc., a business solutions and technology provider to the government, business, health and life science sectors. Mr. Shenoy is a member of the Non Resident Indian Advisory Group that advises the Prime Minister of India on strategies for attracting foreign direct investment. Mr. Shenoy was selected for the United States Presidential Trade and Development Mission to India in 1995. From 2002 to June 2005 he served as the chairman of the Northern Virginia Technology Council. In 1970, Mr. Shenoy received a B. Tech (Hons.) in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology. In 1971 and 1973, he received an M.S. in electrical engineering and an M.B.A. from the University of Connecticut Schools of Engineering and Business Administration, respectively.
Richard Prins, has served as our Director since May 2007 and as Lead Director since March 2010. Mr. Prins has 25 years of experience in all aspects of corporate finance and has participated directly in more than 150 transactions with both private and public companies across a number of industries in North America, Europe, and Asia. Mr. Prins was the Director of Investment Banking for Ferris, Baker Watts, Inc., or FBW, from 1996 until June of 2008 when FBW was acquired by Royal Bank of Canada. At FBW, he managed all of the firm's industry groups and product offerings including public offerings, mergers and acquisitions, private placements, restructurings, as well as other corporate advisory services activities. He was also responsible for executing a variety of financial and strategic transactions. Mr. Prins served as a consultant to Royal Bank of Canada Capital Markets through December 2008 to facilitate the post-acquisition transition. Currently Mr. Prins is a private investor and involved in various charitable organizations. Prior to FBW, Mr. Prins was a Managing Director for eight years at Crestar Bank (now SunTrust Bank) in charge of Mergers and Acquisitions. Mr. Prins began his career in 1983 as the Assistant to the Chairman of the leverage buyout company, Tuscarora Corp. He currently serves on the boards of directors of Amphastar Pharmaceutical, Advancing Native Missions and The Hope Foundation. Mr. Prins received a B.A. in liberal arts from Colgate University and an M.B.A. from Oral Roberts University.
Suhail Nathani, has served as our Director since May 25, 2005. Since September 2001, he has served as a partner at the Economics Laws Practice in India, which he co-founded. The 25-person firm focuses on consulting, general corporate law, tax regulations, foreign investments and issues relating to the World Trade Organization (WTO). From December 1998 to September 2001, Mr. Nathani was the Proprietor of the Strategic Law Group, also in India, where he practiced telecommunications law, general litigation and licensing. Mr. Nathani currently serves on the boards of the following companies based in India: BLA Industries Pvt. Ltd, BLA Power Pvt. Ltd., Development Credit Bank Ltd., Phoenix Mills Limited, Salaam Bombay Foundation, and Siddhesh Capital Market Services Pvt. Ltd.
Mr. Nathani earned a LLM in 1991 from Duke University School of Law. In 1990 Mr. Nathani graduated from Cambridge University, in England, with a MA (Hons) in Law. In 1987, he graduated from Sydenham College of Commerce and Economics, Bombay, India.
Sricon & TBL Management
Rabindralal B. Srivastava is Founder and Chairman of Sricon. In 1974, he started his career at Larsen and Toubro (L&T), one of India’s premier engineering and construction companies. In 1994, his company, Vijay Engineering, became a civil engineering sub-contractor to L&T. He worked as a sub-contractor for L&T in Haldia, West Bengal and Tuticorin in South India among others. Under his leadership, Vijay Engineering expanded to include civil engineering and construction of power plants, water treatment plants, steel mills, sugar plants and mining. In 1996, Mr. Srivastava founded Srivastava Construction Limited, which in 2004 changed its name to Sricon Infrastructure to address the larger infrastructure needs in India like highway construction. He merged Vijay Engineering and Sricon in 2004. Mr. Srivastava graduated with a BS from Banaras University in 1974. Mr. Srivastava founded Hi-tech Pro-Oil Complex in 1996. The company is involved in the extraction of soy bean oil. He founded Aurobindo Laminations Limited in 2003. The company manufactures laminated particleboards.
Jortin Antony, has been a Director of TBL since 2000. Prior to that, he held various positions at Bhagheeratha starting as a management trainee in 1991. From 1997 to 2000, he was the Director of Projects at Bhagheeratha. In 2003, Mr. Jortin Antony was awarded the Young Entrepreneur Award from the Rashtra Deepika. He graduated with a B.Eng, in 1991, from Bangalore Institute of Technology, University of Bangalore.
M Santhosh Kumar, has been with TBL since 1991. Since 2008 he has been the General Manager of Accounting and Finance. From 2002 to January 2008 he has been the Deputy Manager (Finance and Accounting). From 2000 to 2002, he was the Marketing Executive for Techni Soft (India) Limited, a subsidiary of Techni Bharathi Limited. From 1991 to 2000, he held various positions at TBL in the Finance and Accounting department. From 1986 to 1991, he worked as an accountant in the Chartered Account firm of Balan and Company. In 1986 Mr. Santhosh Kumar graduated with a BA in Commerce from, Gandhi University, Kerala, India.
Special Advisors
Senator Larry Pressler has served as our Special Advisor since February 3, 2006. Since leaving the U.S. Senate in 1997, Mr. Pressler has been a combination of businessman, lawyer, corporate board director and lecturer at universities. From March 2002 to present, he has been a partner in the New York firm, Brock law Partners. He was a law partner with O’Connor & Hannan from March 1997 to March 2002.
In November 2009 President Obama appointed Mr. Pressler as a Member for the Commission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad. From 1979 to 1997, Mr. Pressler served as a member of the United States Senate. He served as the Chairman of the Senate Commerce Committee on Science and Transportation, and the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Telecommunications (1994 to 1997). From 1995 to 1997, he served as a Member of the Committee on Finance and from 1981 to 1995 on the Committee on Foreign Relations. From 1975 to 1979, Mr. Pressler served as a member of the United States House of Representatives. Among other bills, Senator Pressler authored the Telecommunications Act of 1996. As a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he authored the “Pressler Amendment,” which became the parity for nuclear weapons in Asia from 1980 to 1996.
In 2000, Senator Pressler accompanied President Clinton on a visit to India. He is a frequent traveler to India where he lectures at universities and business forums. He serves on the board of directors for The Philadelphia Stock Exchange and Flight Safety Technologies, Inc. (FLST). From 2002 to 2005 he served on the board of advisors at Chrys Capital, a fund focused on investments in India. He was on the board of directors of Spectramind from its inception in 1999 until its sale to WIPRO, Ltd (WIT) in 2003.
In 1971, Mr. Pressler earned a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School and a Masters in Public Administration from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard. From 1964 to 1965 he was a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University, England where he earned a diploma in public administration. Mr. Pressler is a Vietnam war veteran having served in the U.S. Army in Vietnam in 1967-68. He is an active member of the Veterans of Foreign Wars Association.
P. G. Kakodkar has served as our Special Advisor since February 3, 2006. Mr. Kakodkar serves on the boards of several Indian companies, many of which are public in India. Since January of 2005 he has been a member of the board of directors of State Bank of India (SBI) Fund Management, Private Ltd., which runs one of the largest mutual funds in India. Mr. Kakodkar’s career spans 40 years at the State Bank of India. He served as its Chairman from October 1995 to March 1997. Prior to his Chairmanship, he was the Managing Director of State Bank of India (SBI) Fund Management Private Ltd., which operates the SBI Mutual Fund.
Since July 2005, he has served on the board of directors of the Multi Commodity Exchange of India. Since April 2000, he has been on the board of Mastek, Ltd, an Indian software house specializing in client server applications. In June 2001, he joined the board of Centrum Capital Ltd, a financial services company. Since March 2000, he has been on the board of Sesa Goa Ltd., the second largest mining company in India. In April 2000, he joined the board at Uttam Galva Steel and in April 1999 he joined the board of Goa Carbon Ltd, a manufacturer-exporter of petcoke. Mr. Kakodkar received a BA from Karnataka University and an MA from Bombay University in economics, in 1954 and 1956, respectively. Mr. Kakodkar currently is an advisor to Societe Generale, India, which is an affiliate of SG Americas Securities, LLC and one of the underwriters of the our IPO.
Shakti Sinha, has served as our Special Advisor since May 25, 2005. Since July 2004, Mr. Sinha has been working as a Visiting Senior Fellow, on economic development, with the Government of Bihar, India. From January 2000 to June 2004, he was a Senior Advisor to the Executive Director on the Board of the World Bank. From March 1998 to November 1999, he was the Private Secretary to the Prime Minister of India. He was also the Chief of the Office of the Prime Minister. Prior to that he has held high level positions in the Government of India, including from January 1998 to March 1998 as a Board Member responsible for Administration in the Electricity Utility Board of Delhi. From January 1996 to January 1998, he was the Secretary to the Leader of the Opposition in the lower house of the Indian Parliament. From December 1995 to May 1996, he was a Director in the Ministry of Commerce. In 2002, Mr. Sinha earned a M.S. in International Commerce and Policy from the George Mason University, USA. In 1978 he earned a M.A. in History from the University of Delhi and in 1976 he earned a BA (Honors) in Economics from the University of Delhi.
Prabuddha Ganguli has served as our Special Advisor since May 25, 2005. Since September 1996, Dr. Ganguli has been the CEO of Vision-IPR. The company offers management consulting on the protection of intellectual property rights. His clients include companies in the pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering industries. He is an adjunct professor of intellectual property rights at the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. Prior to 1996, from August 1991 to August 1996, he was the Head of Information Services and Patents at the Hindustan Lever Research Center. In 1986, he was elected as a fellow to the Maharashtra Academy of Sciences. In 1966, he received the National Science Talent Scholarship (NSTS). In 1977, he was awarded the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Fellow (Germany). He is Honorary Scientific Consultant to the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India. He is a Member of the National Expert Group on Issues linked to Access to Biological materials vis-à-vis TRIPS and CBD Agreements constituted by the Indian Ministry of Commerce and Industry. He is also a Member of the Editorial Board of the intellectual property rights journal “World Patent Information” published by Elsevier Science Limited, UK. He is a Consultant to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Geneva in intellectual property rights capability building training programs in various parts of the world. In 1976, Dr. Ganguli received a PhD from the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay in chemical physics. In 1971, he received a M.Sc. in Chemistry from the Indian Institute of Technology (Kanpur) and in 1969 he earned a BS from the Institute of Science (Bombay University).
Anil K. Gupta has served as our Special Advisor since May 25, 2005. Dr. Gupta has been Professor of Strategy and Organization at the University of Maryland since 1986. He has been Chair of the Management & Organization Department, Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Strategy and Organization, and Research Director of the Dingman Center for Entrepreneurship at the Robert H. Smith School of Business, The University of Maryland at College Park, since July 2003. Dr. Gupta earned a Bachelor of Technology from the Indian Institute of Technology in 1970, an MBA from the Indian Institute of Management in 1972, and a Doctor of Business Administration from the Harvard Business School in 1980. Dr. Gupta has served on the board of directors of NeoMagic Corporation (NMGC) since October 2000 and has previously served as a director of Omega Worldwide (OWWP) from October 1899 through August 2003 and Vitalink Pharmacy Services (VTK) from July 1992 through July 1999.
Board of Directors
Our board of directors is divided into three classes (Class A, Class B and Class C) with only one class of directors being elected in each year and each class serving a three-year term. The term of office of the Class A directors, consisting of Mr. Nathani and Mr. Shenoy, will expire at our fourth annual meeting of stockholders. The term of office of the Class B directors, consisting of Mr. Prins and Dr. Krishna, will expire at the second annual meeting of stockholders. The term of office of the Class C director, consisting of Mr. Mukunda, will expire at the third annual meeting of stockholders. These individuals have played a key role in identifying and evaluating prospective acquisition candidates, selecting the target businesses, and structuring, negotiating and consummating the acquisition. The NYSE Amex, where we are listed, has rules mandating that the majority of the board be independent. Our board of directors will consult with counsel to ensure that the boards of directors’ determinations are consistent with those rules and all relevant securities laws and regulations regarding the independence of directors. The NYSE Amex listing standards define an “independent director” generally as a person, other than an officer of a company, who does not have a relationship with the company that would interfere with the director’s exercise of independent judgment. Consistent with these standards, the board of directors has determined that Messrs. Krishna, Shenoy and Nathani are independent directors.
Committee of the Board of Directors
Our Board of Directors has established an Audit Committee currently composed of two independent directors who report to the Board of Directors. Messrs. Krishna and Shenoy, each of whom is an independent director under the NYSE Amex’s listing standards, serve as members of our Audit Committee. In addition, we have determined that Messrs. Krishna and Shenoy are “audit committee financial experts” as that term is defined under Item 407 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Audit Committee is responsible for meeting with our independent accountants regarding, among other issues, audits and adequacy of our accounting and control systems. We intend to locate and appoint at least one additional independent director to our Audit Committee to increase the size of the Audit Committee to three members.
The Audit Committee will monitor our compliance on a quarterly basis with the terms of our initial pubic offering. If any noncompliance issues are identified, then the Audit Committee is charged with the responsibility to take immediately all action necessary to rectify such noncompliance or otherwise cause compliance with our initial pubic offering. The Board currently does not have a nominating and corporate governance committee. However, the majority of the independent directors of the Board make all nominations.
Audit Committee Financial Expert
The Audit Committee will at all times be composed exclusively of “independent directors” who are “financially literate” as defined under the NYSE Amex listing standards. The NYSE Amex listing standards define “financially literate” as being able to read and understand fundamental financial statements, including a company’s balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
In addition, we must certify to the NYSE Amex that the Audit Committee has, and will continue to have, at least one member who has past employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite professional certification in accounting, or other comparable experience or background that results in the individual’s financial sophistication. The Board of Directors has determined that Messrs. Krishna and Shenoy satisfy the NYSE Amex’s definition of financial sophistication and qualify as “audit committee financial experts,” as defined under rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Compensation Committee
Our Board of Directors has established a Compensation Committee composed of two independent directors, Messrs. Krishna and Shenoy and one non-independent director Richard Prins. The Board determined that Richard Prins is not a current officer or employee or an immediate family member of such person. The Board deemed Mr. Prins to be non-independent because his firm Ferris Baker Watts received compensation for the IPO and bridge financing. The Board, however, determined that the best interests of the Company and its shareholders require his membership on the compensation committee, as Mr. Prins brings a great deal of prior experience with memberships on public compensation committees. The Board used the exception provided under Section 805(b) of the NYSE Amex Company Guide in appointing Richard Prins to the Compensation Committee. The compensation committee’s purpose will be to review and approve compensation paid to our officers and directors and to administer the Stock Plan.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
We intend to establish a nominating and corporate governance committee. The primary purpose of the nominating and corporate governance committee will be to identify individuals qualified to become directors, recommend to the board of directors the candidates for election by stockholders or appointment by the board of directors to fill a vacancy, recommend to the board of directors the composition and chairs of board of directors committees, develop and recommend to the board of directors guidelines for effective corporate governance, and lead an annual review of the performance of the board of directors and each of its committees.
We do not have any formal process for stockholders to nominate a director for election to our board of directors. Currently, nominations are selected or recommended by a majority of the independent directors as stated in Section 804 (a) of the NYSE Amex Company Guide. Any stockholder wishing to recommend an individual to be considered by our board of directors as a nominee for election as a director should send a signed letter of recommendation to the following address: India Globalization Capital, Inc. c/o Corporate Secretary, 4336 Montgomery Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20817. Recommendation letters must state the reasons for the recommendation and contain the full name and address of each proposed nominee as well as a brief biographical history setting forth past and present directorships, employments, occupations and civic activities. Any such recommendation should be accompanied by a written statement from the proposed nominee consenting to be named as a candidate and, if nominated and elected, consenting to serve as a director. We may also require a candidate to furnish additional information regarding his or her eligibility and qualifications. The board of directors does not intend to evaluate candidates proposed by stockholders differently than it evaluates candidates that are suggested by our board members, execution officers or other sources.
Code of Conduct and Ethics
We have adopted a code of conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees in accordance with applicable federal securities laws and the rules of the NYSE Amex. Investors may view our code of ethics on the corporate governance subsection of the investor relations portion of our website at www.indiaglobalcap.com.
Board Meetings
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, our board of directors held four meetings. Although we do not have any formal policy regarding director attendance at our annual meetings, we will attempt to schedule our annual meetings so that all of our directors can attend. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, all of our directors attended 100% of the meetings of the board of directors.
Compensation of Directors
Our directors do not currently receive any cash compensation for their service as members of the board of directors. In 2009 all board members were awarded stock options or restricted stock pursuant to our 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan. Messers. Prins, Shenoy and Nathani each received options to purchase 125,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share that were exercisable at the time of grant and which expire on May 13, 2014, five years from the date of grant. Mr. Mukunda and Dr. Krishna each received grants of 39,410 shares of common stock which vest on December 31, 2009.
We pay IGN, LLC, an affiliate of Mr. Mukunda, $4,000 per month for office space and certain general and administrative services. Mr. Mukunda is the Chief Executive Officer of IGN, LLC. We believe, based on rents and fees for similar services in the Washington, DC metropolitan area that the fee charged by IGN LLC was at least as favorable as we could have obtained from an unaffiliated third party. The agreement is on a month-to-month basis and may be terminated by the board with out notice.
Section 16 (a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires our directors, executive officers and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of our common stock to file reports of their ownership of shares with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such executive officers, directors and stockholders are required by SEC regulation to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file. Based solely upon review of the copies of such reports received by us, our senior management believes that all reports required to be filed under Section 16(a) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 were filed in a timely manner.
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Overview of Compensation Policy
The Company’s Compensation Committee is empowered to review and approve, or in some cases recommend for the approval of the full Board of Directors the annual compensation for the executive officers of the Company. This Committee has the responsibility for establishing, implementing, and monitoring the Company’s compensation strategy and policy. Among its principal duties, the Committee ensures that the total compensation of the executive officers is fair, reasonable and competitive.
Objectives and Philosophies of Compensation
The primary objective of the Company’s compensation policy, including the executive compensation policy, is to help attract and retain qualified, energetic managers who are enthusiastic about the Company’s mission and products. The policy is designed to reward the achievement of specific annual and long-term strategic goals aligning executive performance with company growth and shareholder value. In addition, the Board of Directors strives to promote an ownership mentality among key leaders and the Board of Directors.
Setting Executive Compensation
The compensation policy is designed to reward performance. In measuring executive officers’ contribution to the Company, the Compensation Committee considers numerous factors including the Company’s growth and financial performance as measured by revenue, gross margin and net income before taxes among other key performance indicators.
Regarding most compensation matters, including executive and director compensation, management provides recommendations to the Compensation Committee; however, the Compensation Committee does not delegate any of its functions to others in setting compensation. The Compensation Committee does not currently engage any consultant related to executive and/or director compensation matters.
Stock price performance has not been a factor in determining annual compensation because the price of the Company’s common stock is subject to a variety of factors outside of management’s control. The Company does not subscribe to an exact formula for allocating cash and non-cash compensation. However, a significant percentage of total executive compensation is performance-based. Historically, the majority of the incentives to executives have been in the form of non-cash incentives in order to better align the goals of executives with the goals of stockholders.
Elements of Company's Compensation Plan
The principal components of compensation for the Company's executive officers are:
|
·
|
base salary
|
|
|
|
|
·
|
performance-based incentive cash compensation
|
|
|
|
|
·
|
right to purchase the company’s stock at a preset price (stock options)
|
|
|
|
|
·
|
retirement and other benefits
|
Base Salary
The Company provides named executive officers and other employees with base salary to compensate them for services rendered during the fiscal year. Base salary ranges for named executive officers are determined for each executive based on his or her position and responsibility.
During its review of base salaries for executives, the Committee primarily considers:
|
·
|
market data;
|
|
|
|
|
·
|
internal review of the executives’ compensation, both individually and relative to other officers; and
|
|
|
|
|
·
|
individual performance of the executive.
|
Salary levels are typically evaluated annually as part of the Company’s performance review process as well as upon a promotion or other change in job responsibility.
Performance-Based Incentive Compensation
The management incentive plan gives the Committee the latitude to design cash and stock-based incentive compensation programs to promote high performance and achievement of corporate goals, encourage the growth of stockholder value and allow key employees to participate in the long-term growth and profitability of the Company. So that stock-based compensation may continue to be a viable part of the Company’s compensation strategy, management is currently seeking shareholder approval of a proposal to increase the number of shares of Company common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company’s Stock Plan.
Ownership Guidelines
To directly align the interests of the Board of Directors with the interests of the stockholders, the Committee recommends that each Board member maintain a minimum ownership interest in the Company. Currently, the Compensation Committee recommends that each Board member own a minimum of 5,000 shares of the Company’s common stock with such stock to be acquired within a reasonable time following election to the Board.
Stock Option Program
The Stock Option Program assists the Company to:
|
·
|
enhance the link between the creation of stockholder value and long-term executive incentive compensation;
|
|
|
|
|
·
|
provide an opportunity for increased equity ownership by executives; and
|
|
|
|
|
·
|
maintain competitive levels of total compensation.
|
Stock option award levels are determined based on market data and vary among participants based on their positions within the Company and are granted at the Committee’s regularly scheduled meeting. As of April 15, 2010, we had granted 78,820 shares of common stock and 1,883,000 stock options under our Stock Plan.
Perquisites and Other Personal Benefits
The Company provides some executive officers with perquisites and other personal benefits that the Company and the Committee believe are reasonable and consistent with its overall compensation program to better enable the Company to attract and retain superior employees for key positions. The Committee periodically reviews the levels of perquisites and other personal benefits provided to named executive officers.
Some executive officers are provided use of company automobiles, an entertainment budget and assistants based in the US and in India to alleviate the extensive overseas travel. All employees can participate in the plans and programs described above.
Each employee of the Company is entitled to term life insurance, premiums for which are paid by the Company. In addition, each employee is entitled to receive certain medical and dental benefits and part of the cost is funded by the employee.
Accounting and Tax Considerations
The Company’s stock option grant policy will be impacted by the implementation of FASB ASC 718 (Previously referred to as SFAS No. 123R), which was adopted in the first quarter of fiscal year 2006. Under this accounting pronouncement, the Company is required to value unvested stock options granted prior to the adoption of FASB ASC 718 under the fair value method and expense those amounts in the income statement over the stock option’s remaining vesting period.
Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code restricts deductibility of executive compensation paid to the Company’s chief executive officer and each of the four other most highly compensated executive officers holding office at the end of any year to the extent such compensation exceeds $1,000,000 for any of such officers in any year and does not qualify for an exception under Section 162(m) or related regulations. The Committee’s policy is to qualify its executive compensation for deductibility under applicable tax laws to the extent practicable. In the future, the Committee will continue to evaluate the advisability of qualifying its executive compensation for full deductibility.
Compensation for Executive Officers of the Company
Prior March 8, 2008, we did not pay any cash compensation to our executive officers or their affiliates except as follows. As described above in “Directors, Executive Officers And Special Advisors of the Company – Director Compensation”, we pay IGN, LLC, an affiliate of Mr. Mukunda, $4,000 per month for office space and certain general and administrative services, an amount which is not intended as compensation for Mr. Mukunda. On or around November 27, 2006, we engaged SJS Associates, an affiliate of Mr. Selvaraj, which provides the services of Mr. John Selvaraj as our Treasurer. We have agreed to pay SJS Associates $5,000 per month for these services. Mr. Selvaraj is the Chief Executive Officer of SJS Associates. Effective November 1, 2007 the Company and SJS Associates terminated the agreement. We subsequently entered into a new agreement with SJS Associates on identical terms subsequent to the acquisition of Sricon and TBL. On May 22, 2008, the Company and its subsidiary India Globalization Capital Mauritius (“IGC-M”) entered into an employment agreement (the “Employment Agreement”) with Ram Mukunda, pursuant to which he will receive a salary of $300,000 per year for services to IGC and IGC-M as Chief Executive Officer. The Employment Agreement was approved in May 2008 and made effective as of March 8, 2008. For fiscal year 2009, Mr. Mukunda was paid $300,000.
The annual executive compensation for the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company is set out below.
Summary compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FY 2008
|
|
|
FY 2009
|
|
Ram Mukunda
|
|
$
|
15,000
|
|
|
$
|
450,000
|
|
John Selvaraj
|
|
$
|
35,000
|
|
|
$
|
63,300
|
|
Compensation of Directors
No compensation was paid to the Company’s Board of Directors for the one-year period ended March 31, 2009.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
As of March 31, 2009, there were no related party transactions other than the agreements with IGN, an affiliate of Ram Mukunda, and SJS Associates, an affiliate of John Selvaraj, described above. We are party to indemnification agreements with each of the executive officers and directors. Such indemnification agreements require us to indemnify these individuals to the fullest extent permitted by law.
Employment Contracts
Ram Mukunda has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company since its inception. The Company, IGC-M and Mr. Mukunda entered into an Employment Agreement on May 22, 2008, which agreement was made effective as of March 8, 2008, the date on which the Company completed its acquisition of Sricon and TBL. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company pays Mr. Mukunda a base salary of $300,000 per year. Mr. Mukunda is also entitled to receive bonuses of at least $225,000 for meeting certain targets for net income (before one time charges including charges for employee options, warrants and other items) for fiscal year 2009 and $150,000 for meeting targets with respect to obtaining new contracts. The Agreement further provides that the Board of Directors of the Company may review and update the targets and amounts for the net revenue and contract bonuses on an annual basis. The Agreement also provides for benefits, including insurance, 20 days of paid vacation, a car (subject to partial reimbursement by Mr. Mukunda of lease payments for the car) and reimbursement of business expenses. The term of the Employment Agreement is five years, after which employment will become at-will. The Employment Agreement is terminable by the Company and IGC-M for death, disability and cause. In the event of a termination without cause, the Company would be required to pay Mr. Mukunda his full compensation for 18 months or until the term of the Employment Agreement was set to expire, whichever is earlier.
In partial consideration for the equity shares in Sricon purchased by the Company, pursuant to the terms of a Shareholders Agreement dated as of September 15, 2007 by and among IGC, Sricon and the Promoters or Sricon, the stockholders of Sricon as of the date of the acquisition, including Ravindra Lal Srivastava, who currently serves as the Chairman and Managing Director of Sricon, shall have the right to receive up to an aggregate of 418,431 equity shares of Sricon over a three-year period if Sricon achieves certain profit after tax targets for its 2008-2010 fiscal years. The maximum number of shares the Promoters may receive in any given fiscal year is 139,477 shares. If Sricon’s profits after taxes for a given fiscal year are less than 100% of the target for that year but are equal to at least 85% of the target, the Promoters shall receive a pro rated portion of the maximum share award for that fiscal year. A copy of this agreement was filed with the SEC in the Company’s definitive proxy statement filed February 8, 2008 and is incorporated here by reference.
In partial consideration for the equity shares in TBL purchased by the Company, pursuant to the terms of a Shareholders Agreement dated as of September 16, 2007 by and among IGC, TBL and the Promoters of TBL, Jortin Anthony, who currently serves as the Managing Director of TBL, shall have the right to receive up to an aggregate of 1,204,000 equity shares of TBL over a five-year period if TBL achieves certain profit after tax targets for its 2008-2012 fiscal years. The maximum number of shares Mr. Anthony may receive is 140,800 shares for fiscal year 2008 and 265,800 shares for each of the following fiscal years. If TBL’s profits after taxes for a given fiscal year are less than 100% of the target for that year but are equal to at least 85% of the target Mr. Anthony shall receive a pro rated portion of the maximum share award for that fiscal year. A copy of this agreement was filed with the SEC in the Company’s definitive proxy statement filed February 8, 2008 and is incorporated here by reference.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
A Compensation Committee comprised of two independent members of the Board of Directors, Ranga Krishna and Sudhakar Shenoy, and a non-independent director Richard Prins, administer executive compensation. No executive officer of the Company served as a director or member of the compensation committee of any other entity.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Review, Approval or Ratification of Related Party Transactions
We do not maintain a formal written procedure for the review and approval of transactions with related persons. It is our policy for the disinterested members of our board to review all related party transactions on a case-by-case basis. To receive approval, a related-party transaction must have a business purpose for IGC and be on terms that are fair and reasonable to IGC and as favorable to IGC as would be available from non-related entities in comparable transactions.
Pursuant to the terms of a registration rights agreement with the Company, the holders of the majority of these shares issued to our officers and directors prior to our initial public offering are be entitled to make up to two demands that we register these shares. The holders of the majority of these shares can elect to exercise these registration rights at any time after the date on which the lock-up period expires. The lock-up period expired on September 8, 2008. In addition, these stockholders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights on registration statements filed subsequent to such date. We will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements. We have registered these shares for resale on a registration statement on Form S-1 that was declared effective on November 12, 2008.
BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of April 6, 2010 by:
• each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding shares of common stock;
• each of our executive officers, directors and our special advisors; and
• all of our officers and directors as a group.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and does not necessarily indicate beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Under these rules, beneficial ownership includes those shares of common stock over which the stockholder has sole or shared voting or investment power. It also includes shares of common stock that the stockholder has a right to acquire within 60 days through the exercise of any option, warrant or other right. The percentage ownership of the outstanding common stock, which is based upon 12,994,207 shares of common stock outstanding as of April 6, 2010, is based on the assumption, expressly required by the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, that only the person or entity whose ownership is being reported has converted options or warrants into shares of our common stock.
Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise noted, the nature of the ownership set forth in the table below is common stock of the Company.
The table below sets forth as of April 6, 2010, except as noted in the footnotes to the table, certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of the Company’s Common Stock by (i) all persons known by the Company to be the beneficial owners of more than 5% of the outstanding Common Stock of the Company, (ii) each director and director-nominee of the Company, (iii) the executive officers named in the Summary Compensation Table, and (iv) all such executive officers and directors of the Company as a group.
|
|
Shares Owned
|
|
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1)
|
|
Number of Shares
|
|
|
Percentage of Class
|
|
Wells Fargo and Company (2)
420 Montgomery Street
San Francisco, CA 94104
|
|
|
1,934,424
|
|
|
|
14.9
|
%
|
Sage Master Investments Ltd (3)
500 Fifth Avenue, Suite 930
New York, New York 10110
|
|
|
1,067,300
|
|
|
|
8.2
|
%
|
UBS AG (4)
Bahnhofstrasse 45
PO Box CH-8021
Zurich, Switzerland
|
|
|
859,742
|
|
|
|
6.6
|
%
|
Brightline Capital Management, LLC (5)
1120 Avenue of the Americas, Suite 1505
New York, New York 10036
|
|
|
608,100
|
|
|
|
4.7
|
%
|
Ram Mukunda (6)
|
|
|
1,449,914
|
|
|
|
10.5
|
%
|
Ranga Krishna (7)
|
|
|
2,215,624
|
|
|
|
16.7
|
%
|
Richard Prins (8)
|
|
|
196,250
|
|
|
|
1.5
|
%
|
Sudhakar Shenoy(9)
|
|
|
175,000
|
|
|
|
1.3
|
%
|
Suhail Nathani(10)
|
|
|
150,000
|
|
|
|
1.1
|
%
|
Larry Pressler
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Dr. Anil K. Gupta
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
P.G. Kakodkar
|
|
|
12,500
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Shakti Sinha
|
|
|
12,500
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Dr. Prabuddha Ganguli
|
|
|
12,500
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
All Executive Officers and Directors as a group (5 Persons)(11)
|
|
|
4,186,788
|
|
|
|
28.9
|
%
|
* Represents less than 1%
(1)
|
Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each of the individuals listed in the table is: c/o India Globalization Capital, Inc., 4336 Montgomery Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814.
|
(2)
|
Based on an amended Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on January 13, 2010 by Wells Fargo Company on behalf of its subsidiary Wachovia Bank, National Association which is the direct holder of the shares. Dr. Ranga Krishna is entitled to 100% of the economic benefits of the shares.
|
(3)
|
Based on an amended Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 16, 2010 by Sage Master Investments Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company (“Sage Master”), Sage Opportunity Fund (QP), L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“QP Fund”), Sage Asset Management, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“SAM”), Sage Asset Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Sage Inc.”), Barry G. Haimes and Katherine R. Hensel (collectively, the “Reporting Persons”). As disclosed in the Schedule 13G, Each of the Reporting Persons’ beneficial ownership of 1,067,300 shares of Common Stock constitutes 8.2% of all of the outstanding shares of Common Stock. The address for each of the foregoing parties is c/o 500 Fifth Avenue, Suite 930, New York, New York 10110.
|
(4)
|
Based on an amended Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 11, 2010 by UBS AG for the benefit and on behalf of UBS Investment Bank, Wealth Management USA, and Global Wealth Management and Business Banking business groups of UBS AG. As disclosed in the amended Schedule 13G, UBS AG is the beneficial owners of 859,742 shares of common stock (6.6%).
|
|
Based on an amended Schedule 13G jointly filed with the SEC on February 17, 2010 by Brightline Capital Management, LLC (“Management”), Brightline Capital Partners, LP (“Partners”), Brightline GP, LLC (“GP”), Nick Khera (“Khera”) and Edward B. Smith, III (“Smith”). As disclosed in the amended Schedule 13G, Management and Khera are each the beneficial owners of 608,100 shares of common stock (4.7%), Smith is the beneficial owner of 889,600 shares of common stock (6.8%) including 281,500 shares over which he holds sole control of their voting and disposition, and Partners and GP are each the beneficial owners of 595,103 shares of common stock (4.6%), respectively. The address for each of the foregoing parties is 1120 Avenue of the Americas, Suite 1505, New York, New York 10036.
|
(6)
|
Includes(i) 245,175 shares of common stock directly owned by Mr. Mukunda, (ii) 425,000 shares of common stock owned by Mr. Mukunda’s wife Parveen Mukunda, (iii) options to purchase 635,000 shares of common stock which are exercisable within sixty (60) days of April 6, 2010, all of which are currently exercisable and (iv) warrants to purchase 144,739 shares of common stock, of which warrants to purchase 28,571 shares of common stock are owned by Mr. Mukunda’s wife Parveen Mukunda and all which are exercisable within sixty (60) days of April 6, 2010, all of which are currently exercisable.
|
|
Includes warrants to purchase 290,000 shares of common stock which are exercisable within sixty (60) days of April 6, 2010, all of which are currently exercisable. Includes 1,934,424 shares beneficially owned by Wells Fargo & Company, which has sole voting and dispositive control over the shares. Dr. Krishna is entitled to 100% of the economic benefits of the shares.
|
(8)
|
Based on a Form 4 filed with the SEC on May 18, 2009 by Richard Prins. Includes options to purchase 125,000 shares of common stock and a unit purchase option to purchase 71,250 units, each consisting of 1 share of common stock and 2 warrants to purchase a share of common stock and does not include the warrants underlying the units that may be acquired upon exercise of the unit purchase option. Both the options, and the unit purchase option are both exercisable within sixty (60) days of April 6, 2010 and currently exercisable.
|
(9)
|
Based on a Form 4 filed with the SEC on May 18, 2009 by Sudhakar Shenoy. Includes options to purchase 125,000 shares of common stock, which are both exercisable within sixty (60) days of April 6, 2010 and currently exercisable.
|
(10)
|
Based on a Form 4 filed with the SEC on May 18, 2009 by Suhail Nathani. Includes options to purchase 125,000 shares of common stock, which are both exercisable within sixty (60) days of April 6, 2010 and currently exercisable.
|
(11)
|
Does not include shares owned by our special advisors. Includes: (i) 2,670,799 shares of common stock, (ii) warrants to purchase 434,,739 shares of common stock, (iii) options to purchase 1,010,000 shares of common stock and (iv) a unit purchase option to purchase 71,250 units, each consisting of 1 share of common stock and 2 warrants to purchase a share of common stock and does not include the warrants underlying the units that may be acquired upon exercise of the unit purchase option. The warrants, options, and the unit purchase option are all both exercisable within sixty (60) days of April 6, 2010 and currently exercisable. Includes 1,934,424 shares beneficially owned by Wells Fargo & Company, which has sole voting and dispositive control over the shares.
|
Messrs. Mukunda and Krishna may be deemed our “parent,” “founder” and “promoter,” as these terms are defined under the Federal securities laws.
General
We are authorized to issue 75,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $.0001, and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $.0001. As of April 6, 2010, 12,994,207 shares of common stock are outstanding, held by 946 record holders and no shares of preferred stock are outstanding.