UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

 

 

 

Commission File No. 000-27965

 

 

 

 

RUDOLPH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

 

One Rudolph Road, P.O. Box 1000, Flanders, NJ 07836

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (973) 691-1300

 

 

 

 

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:

None

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT:

Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value

(Title of Class)

 

 

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes o  No x

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes o  No x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x  No o

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes o  No x

 

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant based on the closing price of the registrant’s stock price on June 30, 2008 of $7.70 was approximately $201,354,469.

 

The registrant had 30,737,857 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of February 6, 2009.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

The following document is incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K: Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III incorporate by reference information from the definitive proxy statement for the registrant’s annual meeting of stockholders to be held on May 19, 2009.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are forward-looking statements, including those concerning our expectations of future revenues, gross profits, research and development and engineering expenses, selling, general and administrative expenses, product introductions, technology development, manufacturing practices, cash requirements and anticipated trends and developments in and management plans for, our business and the markets in which we operate. The statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In addition, we may, from time to time make oral forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the words such as, but not limited to, “anticipate”, “believe”, “expect”, “intend”, “plan”, “should”, “may”, “could”, “will” and words or phrases of similar meaning, as they relate to our management or us.

 

The forward-looking statements contained herein reflect our current expectations with respect to future events and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions. The forward-looking statements reflect our position as of the date of this report and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Actual results may differ materially from those projected in such forward-looking statements for a number of reasons including, but not limited to, the following: variations in the level of orders which can be affected by general economic conditions and growth rates in the semiconductor manufacturing industry and in the markets served by our customers, the international economic and political climates, difficulties or delays in product functionality or performance, the delivery performance of sole source vendors, the timing of future product releases, failure to respond adequately to either changes in technology or customer preferences, changes in pricing by us or our competitors, ability to manage growth, risk of nonpayment of accounts receivable, changes in budgeted costs and the “Risk Factors” set forth in Item 1A. Our stockholders should carefully review the cautionary statements contained in this Form 10-K below. You should also review any additional disclosures and cautionary statements we make from time to time in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other filings.

 

 

General

 

Rudolph Technologies, Inc. is a worldwide leader in the design, development, and manufacture of high-performance process control metrology, defect inspection, and data analysis systems used by semiconductor device manufacturers. We provide yield management solutions used in both wafer processing and final manufacturing through a family of standalone systems and integrated modules for both transparent and opaque thin film measurements and macro-defect inspection. All of these systems feature sophisticated software and production-worthy automation. Rudolph systems are backed by worldwide customer service and applications support.

 

The purchase of intellectual property and selected assets from RVSI Inspection LLC was announced on January 22, 2008. As a result, the Wafer Scanner^tm (WS) 3800 inspection system was added to the Rudolph product portfolio. The WS Series is used by many back-end manufacturers, with the highest volume found in bump applications. The new WS3840^tm was launched in May and delivered to a major Asian semiconductor foundry.

 

Metrology Systems. The industry’s first production-oriented microprocessor-controlled ellipsometer for thin transparent film measurements was introduced by Rudolph in 1977. Since that time, we have consistently provided innovative product developments designed to meet manufacturers’ most advanced measurement requirements. Our patented transparent film technology uses up to four lasers operating simultaneously at multiple angles and multiple wavelengths, providing powerful analysis and measurement capabilities to handle the most challenging requirements of today’s advanced processes and tomorrow’s new materials. Unlike the white-light sources used in spectroscopic ellipsometers, laser light sources make our metrology tools inherently stable, increase measurement speed and accuracy, and reduce maintenance costs by minimizing the time required to re-qualify a light source when

it is replaced. Our systems also employ a proprietary reflectometer technology that allows the characterization of films and film stacks that cannot be performed using conventional reflectometry or ellipsometry alone.

 

For opaque film characterization, we brought patented optical acoustic metal film metrology technology to the semiconductor manufacturing floor that allows customers to simultaneously measure the thickness and other properties of up to six metal or other opaque film layers in a non-contact manner on product wafers. PULSE^tm Technology uses an ultra-fast laser to generate sound waves that pass down through a stack of opaque films such as those used in copper or aluminum interconnect processes, sending back to the surface an echo that indicates film thickness, density, and other process critical parameters. We believe we are a leader in providing systems that can non-destructively measure opaque thin-film stacks with the speed and accuracy semiconductor device manufacturers demand in order to achieve high yields with the latest fabrication processes. The technology is ideal for characterizing copper interconnect structures and the majority of all systems sold have been for copper applications.

 

Inspection Systems. Chip manufacturers deploy advanced macro-defect inspection (defects greater in size than 0.5 micron) throughout the fab to monitor key process steps, gather process-enhancing information and ultimately, lower manufacturing costs. Field-established tools such as the AXi^tm and NSX^® are found in wafer processing (front-end) and final manufacturing (back-end) facilities around the world. These high-speed tools incorporate features such as waferless recipe creation, tool-to-tool correlation, multiple inspection resolutions and proprietary review and classification software that are required in today’s high-volume integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing environments. In addition to wafer frontside inspection, Rudolph’s innovative Explorer^® Cluster incorporates wafer edge and backside inspection in one integrated platform to enhance productivity and continuously improve fab yield.

 

Data Analysis & Review Systems. Rudolph has a comprehensive offering of software solutions for process management and data review. Using wafer maps, charts and graphs, the vast amount of data gathered through automated inspection can be analyzed to determine trends that ultimately affect yield. Our goal is to provide our customers with timely and accurate information so that corrective actions can be taken. Software solutions available to our customers include products that identify, classify and analyze defect data as well as fabwide systems that are designed to determine the root cause of yield excursions as early as possible in the production flow.

 

Technology

 

We believe that our expertise in engineering and our continued investment in research and development enable us to rapidly develop new technologies and products in response to emerging industry trends. The breadth of our technology enables us to offer our customers a diverse combination of measurement technologies that provide process control for the majority of thin films used in semiconductor manufacturing. Additionally, our defect detection and classification technologies allow us to provide yield enhancement for critical front-end processes such as photolithography, diffusion, etch, CMP, and outgoing quality control. Information learned through post-fab inspection is critical. Advanced macro-defect inspection within the final manufacturing (back-end) process provides our customers with critical quality assurance and process information. Defects may be created during probing, bumping, dicing or general handling, and can have a major impact on device and process quality.

 

Optical Acoustics. Optical acoustic metrology involves the use of ultra-fast laser induced sonar for metal and opaque thin film measurement. This technology sends ultrasonic waves into multi-layer opaque films and then analyzes the resulting echoes to simultaneously determine the thickness of each individual layer in complex multi-layer metal film stacks. The echo’s amplitude and phase can be used to detect film properties, missing layers, and interlayer problems. Since different phenomena affect amplitude and phase uniquely, a variety of process critical interlayer problems can be detected in a single measurement.

 

The use of optical acoustics to measure multi-layer metal and opaque films was pioneered by scientists at Brown University in collaboration with engineers at Rudolph. The proprietary optical acoustic technology in our PULSE^tm Technology systems measures the thickness of single or multi-layer opaque films ranging from less than 40 Angstroms to greater than five microns. It provides these measurements at a rate of up to 70 wafers per hour within one to two percent accuracy and typically less than one percent repeatability. This range of thicknesses covers the majority of thick and thin metal films projected by the International Roadmap for Semiconductors to be

used through the end of this decade. Our non-contact, non-destructive optical acoustic technology and small spot size enable our PULSE Technology systems to measure film properties directly on product wafers.

 

Ellipsometry. Ellipsometry is a non-contact, non-destructive optical technique for transparent thin film measurement. We have been an industry leader in ellipsometry technology for the last three decades. We hold patents on several ellipsometry technologies, including our proprietary technique that uses four lasers for multiple-angle of incidence, multiple wavelength ellipsometry. Laser ellipsometry technology enables our transparent film systems to continue to provide the increasingly higher level of accuracy needed as thinner films and newer materials are introduced for future generations of semiconductor devices. We extended this same optical technology to characterize the scatterometry signal from patterned surfaces, allowing measurement of critical dimensions.

 

Reflectometry. For applications requiring broader spectral coverage, some of our ellipsometry tools are also equipped with a reflectometer. Reflectometry uses a white or ultraviolet light source to determine the properties of transparent thin films by analyzing the wavelength and intensity of light reflected from the surface of a wafer. This optical information is processed with software algorithms to determine film thickness and other material properties. By combining data from both the laser ellipsometer and broad spectrum reflectometer, it is possible to characterize films and film stacks that cannot be adequately analyzed by either method individually.

 

Automated Defect Detection and Classification. Automating the defect detection and classification process is best done by a system that can mimic, or even extend, the response of the human eye, but at a much higher speed, with high resolution and more consistently. To do this, our systems capture full-color whole wafer images using simultaneous dark and bright field illumination. The resulting bright and dark field images are compared to those from an “ideal” wafer having no defects. When a difference is detected, its image is broken down into mathematical vectors that allow rapid and accurate comparison with a library of known classified defects stored in the tool’s database. Patented and proprietary enhancements of this approach enable very fast and highly repeatable image classification. The system is pre-programmed with an extensive library of default local, global, and color defects and can also absorb a virtually unlimited amount of new defect classes. This allows customers to define defects based on their existing defect classification system, provides more reliable automated rework decisions, and enables more accurate statistical process control data.

 

All-surface Inspection. All-surface refers to inspection of the wafer frontside, edge, and backside as well as post-fab die. The edge inspection process focuses on the area near the wafer edge, an area that poses difficulty for traditional wafer frontside inspection technology due to its varied topography and process variation. Edge bevel inspection looks for defects on the side edge of a wafer. The edge bead removal and edge exclusion metrology involve a topside surface measurement required exclusively in the photolithography process, primarily to determine if wafers have been properly aligned for the edge exclusion region. The primary reason for wafer backside inspection is to determine if contamination has been created that may spread throughout the fab. For instance, it is critical that the wafer backside be free of defects prior to the photolithography process to prevent focus and exposure problems on the wafer front-side.

 

In addition to the wafer processing floor, Rudolph automated inspection systems are used in several post-fab processes such as bump inspection, wafer probe, wafer saw and quality control.

 

Probe Card Test and Analysis. The combination of Fast 3D-OCM^® (optical comparative metrology) Technology with improved testing accuracy and repeatability is designed to reduce total test time for even the most advanced large area probe cards. 3-D capabilities enable users to analyze probe marks and probe tips in a rapid and information-rich format.

 

Classification. Classifying defects off-line enables automated inspection systems to maintain their high throughput. Using defect image files captured by automated inspection systems, operators are able to view high-resolution defect images to determine killer defects. Classifying defects enables faster analysis by grouping defects found together as one larger defect, a scratch for example, and defects of similar types across a wafer lot to be grouped based on size, repeating defects and other user-defined specifications. Automatically classifying defects provides far greater yield learning than human classification.

 

Yield Analysis. Using wafer maps, charts and graphs, the vast amounts of data gathered through automated inspection can be analyzed to determine trends across bumps, die, wafers and lots. This analysis may determine

where in the process an inconsistency is being introduced, allowing for enhancements to be made and yields improved. Defect data analysis is performed to identify, analyze and locate the source of defects and other manufacturing process excursions. Using either a single wafer map or a composite map created from multiple wafer maps, this analysis enables identification of defect patterns and distribution. When combined with inspection data from strategically-placed inspection points, this analysis may pinpoint the source of the defects so corrective action can be taken.

 

Products

 

We market and sell products to all major logic, memory, data storage and application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) device manufacturers. Our customers rely on Rudolph for versatile full-fab metrology and inspection systems as well as yield management software solutions. These systems are designed for high-volume production facilities and offer automated wafer handling for 200 and 300 mm configurations. Our systems operate at high throughput with ultraclean operation and high reliability.

 

 

 

Customers

 

Over 90 semiconductor device manufacturers have purchased Rudolph tools and software for installation at multiple sites. We support a diverse customer base in terms of both geographic location and type of semiconductor device manufactured. Our customers are located in 20 countries.

 

We depend on a relatively small number of customers and end users for a large percentage of our revenues. In the years 2006, 2007 and 2008, sales to end user customers that individually represented at least five percent of our revenues accounted for 40.9%, 37.1% and 36.3% of our revenues, respectively. In 2006, 2007 and 2008, sales to Intel Corporation accounted for 14.0%, 11.5% and 10.9% of our revenues, respectively. No other individual end user customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenues in 2006, 2007 and 2008. We do not have purchase contracts with any of our customers that obligate them to continue to purchase our products.

 

Research and Development

 

The thin film transparent, opaque process control and macro-defect inspection metrology market is characterized by continuous technological development and product innovations. We believe that the rapid and ongoing development of new products and enhancements to existing products is critical to our success. Accordingly, we devote a significant portion of our technical, management and financial resources to research and development programs.

 

The core competencies of our research and development team include metrology systems for high volume manufacturing, ellipsometry, ultra-fast optics, picosecond acoustic and optical design, advanced metrology application development and algorithm development. To leverage our internal research and development capabilities, we maintain close relationships with leading research institutions in the metrology field, including Brown University. Our relationship with Brown University has resulted in the development of the optical acoustic technology underlying our MetaPULSE product line. We have been granted exclusive licenses from Brown University Research Foundation, subject to rights retained by Brown and the United States government for their own non-commercial uses for several patents relating to this technology.

 

Our research and development expenditures in 2006, 2007 and 2008 were $29.9 million, $30.0 million and $31.6 million, respectively. We plan to continue our strong commitment to new product development in the future, and we expect that our level of research and development expenses will increase in absolute dollar terms in future periods.

 

Sales, Customer Service and Application Support

 

We maintain an extensive network of direct sales, customer service and application support offices in several locations throughout the world. We maintain sales, service or applications offices in locations including but not limited to, New Jersey, Minnesota, Massachusetts, Texas, Washington, New York, Germany, Scotland, Ireland, Israel, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, China and Japan.

 

We provide our customers with comprehensive support before, during and after the delivery of our products. For example, in order to facilitate the smooth integration of our tools into our customers’ operations, we often assign dedicated, site-specific field service and applications engineers to provide long-term support at selected customer sites. We also provide comprehensive service and applications training for customers at our training facility in Budd Lake, New Jersey and at customer locations. In addition, we maintain a group of highly skilled applications scientists at strategically located facilities throughout the world and at selected customer locations.

 

Manufacturing

 

Our principal manufacturing activities include assembly, final test and calibration. These activities are conducted in our manufacturing facilities in New Jersey, Minnesota, and Washington. Our core manufacturing competencies include electrical, optical and mechanical assembly and testing as well as the management of new product transitions. While we use standard components and subassemblies wherever possible, most mechanical parts, metal fabrications and critical components used in our products are engineered and manufactured to our

specifications. We expect to rely increasingly on subcontractors and turnkey suppliers to fabricate components, build assemblies and perform other non-core activities in a cost-effective manner.

 

We rely on a number of limited source suppliers for certain parts and subassemblies. This reliance creates a potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of required components, and reduced control over pricing and time of delivery of components. An inability to obtain adequate supplies would require us to seek alternative sources of supply or might require us to redesign our systems to accommodate different components or subassemblies. To date, we have not experienced any significant delivery delays. However, if we were forced to seek alternative sources of supply, manufacture such components or subassemblies internally, or redesign our products, this could prevent us from shipping our products to our customers on a timely basis, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations.

 

Intellectual Property

 

We have a policy of seeking patents on inventions governing new products or technologies as part of our ongoing research, development, and manufacturing activities. As of December 31, 2008, we have been granted, or hold exclusive licenses to, 150 U.S. and foreign patents. The patents we own, jointly own or exclusively license have expiration dates ranging from 2009 to 2025. We also have 98 pending regular and provisional applications in the U.S. and other countries. Our patents and applications principally cover various aspects of transparent thin film measurement, altered material characterization and macro-defect detection and classification.

 

We have been granted exclusive licenses from Brown University Research Foundation, subject to rights retained by Brown and the United States government for their own non-commercial uses, for several patents relating to the optical acoustic technology underlying our MetaPULSE product family. The terms of these exclusive licenses are equal to the lives of the patents. We pay royalties to Brown based upon a percentage of our revenues from the sale of systems that incorporate technology covered by the Brown patents. We also have the right to support patent activity with respect to new ultra-fast acoustic technology developed by Brown scientists, and to acquire exclusive licenses to this technology. Brown may terminate the licenses if we fail to pay royalties to Brown or if we materially breach our license agreement with Brown.

 

Our pending patents may never be issued, and even if they are, these patents, our existing patents and the patents we license may not provide sufficiently broad protection to protect our proprietary rights, or they may prove to be unenforceable. To protect our proprietary rights, we also rely on a combination of copyrights, trademarks, trade secret laws, contractual provisions and licenses. There can be no assurance that any patents issued to or licensed by us will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented or that the rights granted thereunder will provide us with a competitive advantage.

 

The laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to as great an extent as do the laws of the United States, and many U.S. companies have encountered substantial infringement problems in protecting their proprietary rights against infringement in such countries, some of which are countries in which we have sold and continue to sell products. There is a risk that our means of protecting our proprietary rights may not be adequate. For example, our competitors may independently develop similar technology or duplicate our products. If we fail to adequately protect our intellectual property, it would be easier for our competitors to sell competing products.

 

Competition

 

The market for semiconductor capital equipment is highly competitive. We face substantial competition from established companies in each of the markets that we serve. We principally compete with KLA-Tencor and Camtek. We compete to a lesser extent with companies such as Nanometrics, Vistec, and Nikon. Each of our products also competes with products that use different metrology techniques. Some of our competitors have greater financial, engineering, manufacturing and marketing resources, broader product offerings and service capabilities and larger installed customer bases than we do.

 

Significant competitive factors in the market for metrology systems include system performance, ease of use, reliability, cost of ownership, technical support and customer relationships. We believe that, while price and delivery are important competitive factors, the customers’ overriding requirement is for a product that meets their

technical capabilities. To remain competitive, we believe we will need to maintain a high level of investment in research and development and process applications. No assurances can be given that we will continue to be competitive in the future.

 

Backlog

 

We schedule production of our systems based upon order backlog and informal customer forecasts. We include in backlog only those orders to which the customer has assigned a purchase order number and for which delivery has been specified within 12 months. Because shipment dates may be changed and customers may cancel or delay orders with little or no penalty, our backlog as of any particular date may not be a reliable indicator of actual sales for any succeeding period. At December 31, 2008, we had a backlog of approximately $20.4 million compared with a backlog of approximately $26.7 million at December 31, 2007.

 

Employees

 

As of December 31, 2008, we had 536 employees. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining agreements, and we have never experienced a work stoppage. We believe our employee relations are good.

 

Available Information

 

We were incorporated in New Jersey in 1958 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1999. The Internet website address of Rudolph Technologies, Inc. is http://www.rudolphtech.com. The information on our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report. The Company’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K (and any amendments to those reports) are made available free of charge, on or through our Internet website, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. All reports we file with the SEC are also available free of charge via EDGAR through the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

We also make available, free of charge, through the investors page on our corporate website Rudolph Technologies’ corporate summary, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Financial Code of Ethics, charters of the committees of our board of directors, as well as other information and materials, including information about how to contact our board of directors, its committees and their members. To find this information and obtain copies, visit our website at http://www.rudolphtech.com.

 

Item 1A.  Risk Factors.

 

Risks Related to Rudolph

 

Our operating results have varied and will likely continue to vary significantly from quarter to quarter in the future, causing volatility in our stock price

 

Our quarterly operating results have varied in the past and will likely continue to vary significantly from quarter to quarter in the future, causing volatility in our stock price. Some of the factors that may influence our operating results and subject our stock to extreme price and volume fluctuations include:

 

 

In light of these factors and the cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry, we expect to continue to experience significant fluctuations in quarterly and annual operating results. Moreover, many of our expenses are fixed in the short-term which, together with the need for continued investment in research and development, marketing and customer support, limits our ability to reduce expenses quickly. As a result, declines in net sales could harm our business and the price of our common stock could substantially decline.

 

Our largest customers account for a significant portion of our revenues, and our revenues and cash flows would significantly decline if one or more of these customers were to purchase significantly fewer of our systems or they delayed or cancelled a large order

 

Sales to end user customers that individually represent at least five percent of our revenues typically account for, in the aggregate, a considerable amount of our revenues. We operate in the highly concentrated, capital-intensive semiconductor device manufacturing industry. Historically, a significant portion of our revenues in each quarter and year has been derived from sales to relatively few customers, and this trend is expected to continue. If any of our key customers were to purchase significantly fewer of our systems in the future, or if a large order were delayed or cancelled, our revenues and cash flows would significantly decline. We expect that we will continue to depend on a small number of large customers for a significant portion of our revenues for at least the next several years. In addition, as large semiconductor device manufacturers seek to establish closer relationships with their suppliers, we expect that our customer base will become even more concentrated.

 

Our customers may be unable to pay us for our products and services

 

Our customers include some companies that may from time to time encounter financial difficulties, especially in light of the current economic environment and the turmoil in the credit markets. If a customer’s financial difficulties become severe, the customer may be unwilling or unable to pay our invoices in the ordinary course of business, which could adversely affect collections of both our accounts receivable and unbilled services. The bankruptcy of a customer with a substantial account receivable could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if a customer declares bankruptcy after paying us certain invoices, a court may determine that we are not properly entitled to that payment and may require repayment of some or all of the amount we received, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our revenue may vary significantly each quarter due to relatively small fluctuations in our unit sales

 

During any quarter, a significant portion of our revenue may be derived from the sale of a relatively small number of systems. Our transparent film measurement systems range in selling price from approximately $250,000 to $1.0 million per system, our opaque film measurement systems range in selling price from approximately $900,000 to $2.0 million per system and our macro-defect inspection and probe card and test analysis systems range in selling price from approximately $250,000 to $1.4 million per system. Accordingly, a small change in the number of systems we sell may also cause significant changes in our operating results. This, in turn, could cause fluctuations in the market price of our common stock.

 

Variations in the amount of time it takes for us to sell our systems may cause fluctuations in our operating results, which could cause our stock price to decline

 

Variations in the length of our sales cycles could cause our revenues and cash flows, and consequently, our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows, to fluctuate widely from period to period. This variation could cause our stock price to decline. Our customers generally take a long time to evaluate our inspection and/or film metrology systems and many people are involved in the evaluation process. We expend significant resources educating and providing information to our prospective customers regarding the uses and benefits of our systems in the semiconductor fabrication process. The length of time it takes for us to make a sale depends upon many factors including, but not limited to:

 

 

 

Because of the number of factors influencing the sales process, the period between our initial contact with a customer and the time when we recognize revenue from that customer, if ever, and receive payment varies widely in length. Our sales cycles, including the time it takes for us to build a product to customer specifications after receiving an order to the time we recognize revenue, typically range from six to 15 months. Sometimes our sales cycles can be much longer, particularly with customers in Japan. During these cycles, we commit substantial resources to our sales efforts in advance of receiving any revenue, and we may never receive any revenue from a customer despite our sales efforts. If we do make a sale, our customers often purchase only one of our systems, and then evaluate its performance for a lengthy period before purchasing any more of our systems. The number of additional products a customer purchases, if any, depends on many factors, including a customer’s capacity requirements. The period between a customer’s initial purchase and any subsequent purchases can vary from six months to a year or longer, and variations in the length of this period could cause further fluctuations in our operating results and possibly in our stock price.

 

Most of our revenues have been derived from customers outside of the United States subjecting us to operational, financial and political risks, such as unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, tariffs, political and economic instability, outbreaks of hostilities, and difficulties in managing foreign sales representatives and foreign branch operations

 

Due to the significant level of our international sales, we are subject to a number of material risks, including:

 

Unexpected changes in regulatory requirements including tariffs and other market barriers. The semiconductor device industry is a high-visibility industry in many of the European and Asian countries in which we sell our products. Because the governments of these countries have provided extensive financial support to our semiconductor device manufacturing customers in these countries, we believe that our customers could be disproportionately affected by any trade embargoes, excise taxes or other restrictions imposed by their governments on trade with United States companies such as ourselves. Any restrictions of these types could result in a reduction in our sales to customers in these countries.

 

Political and economic instability. We are subject to various global risks related to political and economic instabilities in countries in which we derive sales. If terrorist activities, armed conflict, civil or military unrest or political instability occurs outside of the U.S., these events may result in reduced demand for our products. There is considerable political instability in Taiwan related to its disputes with China and in South Korea related to its disputes with North Korea. In addition, several Asian countries, particularly Japan, have experienced significant economic instability. An outbreak of hostilities or other political upheaval in China, Taiwan or South Korea, or an economic downturn in Japan or other countries, would likely harm the operations of our customers in these countries. The effect of these types of events on our revenues and cash flows could be material because we derive substantial revenues from sales to semiconductor device foundries in Taiwan such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd. and United Microelectronics Corporation, from memory chip manufacturers in South Korea such as Hynix and Samsung, and from semiconductor device manufacturers in Japan such as NEC and Toshiba.

 

Difficulties in staffing and managing foreign branch operations. During periods of tension between the governments of the United States and certain other countries, it is often difficult for United States companies such as ourselves to staff and manage operations in such countries.

 

Currency fluctuations as compared to the U.S. Dollar. A substantial portion of our international sales are denominated in U.S. dollars. As a result, if the dollar rises in value in relation to foreign currencies, our systems will become more expensive to customers outside the United States and less competitive with systems produced by competitors outside the United States. These conditions could negatively impact our international sales. Foreign sales also expose us to collection risk in the event it becomes more expensive for our foreign customers to convert their local currencies into U.S. dollars.

If we deliver systems with defects, our credibility will be harmed and the sales and market acceptance of our systems will decrease

 

Our systems are complex and have occasionally contained errors, defects and bugs when introduced. When this occurs, our credibility and the market acceptance and sales of our systems could be harmed. Further, if our systems contain errors, defects or bugs, we may be required to expend significant capital and resources to alleviate these problems. Defects could also lead to product liability as a result of product liability lawsuits against us or against our customers. We have agreed to indemnify our customers under certain circumstances against liability arising from defects in our systems. Our product liability policy currently provides $2.0 million of coverage per claim, with an overall umbrella limit of $14.0 million. In the event of a successful product liability claim, we could be obligated to pay damages significantly in excess of our product liability insurance limits.

 

If we are not successful in developing new and enhanced products for the semiconductor device manufacturing industry we will lose market share to our competitors

 

We operate in an industry that is highly competitive and subject to evolving industry standards, rapid technological changes, rapid changes in consumer demands and the rapid introduction of new, higher performance systems with shorter product life cycles. To be competitive in our demanding market, we must continually design, develop and introduce in a timely manner new inspection and film metrology systems that meet the performance and price demands of semiconductor device manufacturers. We must also continue to refine our current systems so that they remain competitive. We expect to continue to make significant investments in our research and development activities. We may experience difficulties or delays in our development efforts with respect to new systems, and we may not ultimately be successful in our product enhancement efforts to improve and advance products or in responding effectively to technological change, as not all research and development activities result in viable commercial products. In addition, we cannot provide assurance that we will be able to develop new products for the most opportunistic new markets and applications. Any significant delay in releasing new systems could cause our products to become obsolete, adversely affect our reputation, give a competitor a first-to-market advantage or cause a competitor to achieve greater market share. In addition, new product offerings that are highly complex in terms of software or hardware may require application or service work such as bug fixing prior to acceptance, thereby delaying revenue recognition.

 

If new products developed by us do not gain general market acceptance, we will be unable to generate revenues and recover our research and development costs

 

Metrology and inspection product development is inherently risky because it is difficult to foresee developments in semiconductor device manufacturing technology, coordinate technical personnel, and identify and eliminate system design flaws. Further, our products are complex and often the applications to our customers’ businesses are unique. Any new systems we introduce may not achieve or sustain a significant degree of market acceptance and sales.

 

We expect to spend a significant amount of time and resources developing new systems and refining our existing systems. In light of the long product development cycles inherent in our industry, these expenditures will be made well in advance of the prospect of deriving revenue from the sale of those systems. Our ability to commercially introduce and successfully market new systems are subject to a wide variety of challenges during the development cycle, including start-up bugs, design defects, and other matters that could delay introduction of these systems. In addition, since our customers are not obligated by long-term contracts to purchase our systems, our anticipated product orders may not materialize, or orders that are placed may be cancelled. As a result, if we do not achieve market acceptance of new products, we may be unable to generate sufficient revenues and cash flows to recover our research and development costs and our market share, revenue, operating results or stock price would be negatively impacted.

Even if we are able to develop new products that gain market acceptance, sales of these new products could impair our ability to sell existing products

 

Competition from our new systems could have a negative effect on sales of our existing systems and the prices that we could charge for these systems. We may also divert sales and marketing resources from our current systems in order to successfully launch and promote our new or next generation systems. This diversion of resources could have a further negative effect on sales of our current systems and the value of inventory.

 

If our relationships with our large customers deteriorate, our product development activities could be adversely affected

 

The success of our product development efforts depends on our ability to anticipate market trends and the price, performance and functionality requirements of semiconductor device manufacturers. In order to anticipate these trends and ensure that critical development projects proceed in a coordinated manner, we must continue to collaborate closely with our largest customers. Our relationships with these and other customers provide us with access to valuable information regarding trends in the semiconductor device industry, which enables us to better plan our product development activities. If our current relationships with our large customers are impaired, or if we are unable to develop similar collaborative relationships with important customers in the future, our product development activities could be adversely affected.

 

Our ability to reduce costs is limited by our ongoing need to invest in research and development and to provide customer support activities

 

Our industry is characterized by the need for continual investment in research and development as well as customer service and support. As a result, our operating results could be materially affected if operating costs associated with our research and development as well as customer support activities increase in the future or we are unable to reduce those activities.

 

We may fail to adequately protect our intellectual property and, therefore, lose our competitive advantage

 

Our future success and competitive position depend in part upon our ability to obtain and maintain proprietary technology for our principal product families, and we rely, in part, on patent and trade secret law and confidentiality agreements to protect that technology. If we fail to adequately protect our intellectual property, it will give our competitors a significant advantage. We own or have licensed a number of patents relating to our transparent and opaque thin film metrology and macro-defect inspection systems, and have filed applications for additional patents. Any of our pending patent applications may be rejected, and we may be unable to develop additional proprietary technology that is patentable in the future.

 

In addition, the patents that we do own or that have been issued or licensed to us may not provide us with competitive advantages and may be challenged by third parties. Further, third parties may also design around these patents. In addition to patent protection, we rely upon trade secret protection for our confidential and proprietary information and technology. We routinely enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees and other third parties. However, in the event that a confidentiality agreement is breached, we may not have adequate remedies. Our confidential and proprietary information and technology might also be independently developed by, or become otherwise known to, third parties.

 

Protection of our intellectual property rights, or the efforts of third parties to enforce their own intellectual property rights against us, may result in costly and time-consuming litigation, substantial damages, lost product sales and/or the loss of important intellectual property rights

 

We may be required to initiate litigation in order to enforce any patents issued to or licensed by us, or to determine the scope or validity of a third party’s patent or other proprietary rights. Any litigation, regardless of outcome, could be expensive and time consuming, and could subject us to significant liabilities or require us to re-engineer our products or obtain expensive licenses from third parties.

In addition, our commercial success depends in part on our ability to avoid infringing or misappropriating patents or other proprietary rights owned by third parties. From time to time we may receive communications from third parties asserting that our products or systems infringe, or may infringe, the proprietary rights of these third parties. These claims of infringement may lead to protracted and costly litigation, which could require us to pay substantial damages or have the sale of our products or systems stopped by an injunction. Infringement claims could also cause product or system delays or require us to redesign our products or systems, and these delays could result in the loss of substantial revenues. We may also be required to obtain a license from the third party or cease activities utilizing the third party’s proprietary rights. We may not be able to enter into such a license or such a license may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. Accordingly, the loss of important intellectual property rights could hinder our ability to sell our systems, or make the sale of these systems more expensive.

 

Our efforts to protect our intellectual property may be less effective in certain foreign countries, where intellectual property rights are not as well protected as in the United States

 

The laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to as great an extent as do the laws of the United States, and many U.S. companies have encountered substantial problems in protecting their proprietary rights against infringement abroad. For example, Taiwan is not a signatory of the Patent Cooperation Treaty, which is designed to specify rules and methods for defending intellectual property internationally. The publication of a patent in Taiwan prior to the filing of a patent in Taiwan would invalidate the ability of a company to obtain a patent in Taiwan. Similarly, in contrast to the United States where the contents of patents remain confidential during the patent application process, in Taiwan the contents of a patent are published upon filing which provides competitors an advance view of the contents of a patent application prior to the establishment of patent rights. Consequently, there is a risk that we may be unable to adequately protect its proprietary rights in certain foreign countries. If this occurs, it would be easier for our competitors to develop and sell competing products in these countries.

 

Some of our current and potential competitors have significantly greater resources than we do, and increased competition could impair sales of our products or cause us to reduce our prices

 

The market for semiconductor capital equipment is highly competitive. We face substantial competition from established companies in each of the markets we serve. We principally compete with KLA-Tencor and Camtek. We compete to a lesser extent with companies such as Nanometrics, Vistec and Nikon. Each of our products also competes with products that use different metrology or inspection techniques. Some of our competitors have greater financial, engineering, manufacturing and marketing resources, broader product offerings and service capabilities and larger installed customer bases than we do. As a result, these competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies or market developments by devoting greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of products, which, in turn, could impair sales of our products. Further, there may be significant merger and acquisition activity among our competitors and potential competitors, which, in turn, may provide them with a competitive advantage over us by enabling them to rapidly expand their product offerings and service capabilities to meet a broader range of customer needs.

 

Many of our customers and potential customers in the semiconductor device manufacturing industry are large companies that require global support and service for their semiconductor capital equipment. We believe that our global support and service infrastructure is sufficient to meet the needs of our customers and potential customers. However, some of our competitors have more extensive infrastructures than we do, which could place us at a disadvantage when competing for the business of global semiconductor device manufacturers. Many of our competitors are investing heavily in the development of new systems that will compete directly with our systems. We have from time to time selectively reduced prices on our systems in order to protect our market share, and competitive pressures may necessitate further price reductions. We expect our competitors in each product area to continue to improve the design and performance of their products and to introduce new products with competitive prices and performance characteristics. These product introductions would likely require us to decrease the prices of our systems and increase the level of discounts that we grant our customers. Price reductions or lost sales as a result of these competitive pressures would reduce our total revenues and could adversely impact our financial results.

Because of the high cost of switching equipment vendors in our markets, it is sometimes difficult for us to win customers from our competitors even if our systems are superior to theirs

 

We believe that once a semiconductor device manufacturer has selected one vendor’s capital equipment for a production-line application, the manufacturer generally relies upon that capital equipment and, to the extent possible, subsequent generations of the same vendor’s equipment, for the life of the application. Once a vendor’s equipment has been installed in a production line application, a semiconductor device manufacturer must often make substantial technical modifications and may experience production-line downtime in order to switch to another vendor’s equipment. Accordingly, unless our systems offer performance or cost advantages that outweigh a customer’s expense of switching to our systems, it will be difficult for us to achieve significant sales to that customer once it has selected another vendor’s capital equipment for an application.

 

We must attract and retain key personnel with knowledge of semiconductor device manufacturing and inspection and/or metrology equipment to help support our future growth, and competition for such personnel in our industry is high

 

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our key management, engineering, sales and marketing, customer support, finance and manufacturing personnel. The loss of any of these key personnel, each of whom would be extremely difficult to replace, could harm our business and operating results. Although we have employment and noncompetition agreements with key members of our senior management team, including Messrs. McLaughlin and Roth, these individuals or other key employees may still leave us. We do not have key person life insurance on any of our executives. In addition, to support our future growth, we will need to attract and retain additional qualified employees. Competition for such personnel in our industry is intense, and we may not be successful in attracting and retaining qualified employees.

 

We obtain some of the components and subassemblies included in our systems from a limited group of suppliers, and the partial or complete loss of one of these suppliers could cause production delays and a substantial loss of revenues

 

We obtain some of the components and subassemblies included in our systems from a limited group of suppliers and do not have long-term contracts with many of our suppliers. Our dependence on limited source suppliers of components and our lack of long-term contracts with many of our suppliers exposes us to several risks, including a potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of components, price increases, late deliveries and poor component quality. Disruption or termination of the supply of these components could delay shipments of our systems, damage our customer relationships and reduce our sales. From time to time in the past, we have experienced temporary difficulties in receiving shipments from our suppliers. The lead-time required for shipments of some of our components can be as long as four months. In addition, the lead time required to qualify new suppliers for lasers could be as long as a year, and the lead time required to qualify new suppliers of other components could be as long as nine months. If we are unable to accurately predict our component needs, or if our component supply is disrupted, we may miss market opportunities by not being able to meet the demand for our systems. Further, a significant increase in the price of one or more of these components or subassemblies could seriously harm our results of operations and cash flows.

 

Any prolonged disruption in the operations of our manufacturing facilities could have a material adverse effect on our revenues

 

Our manufacturing processes are highly complex and require sophisticated and costly equipment and a specially designed facility. As a result, any prolonged disruption in the operations of our manufacturing facilities, whether due to technical or labor difficulties, or destruction of or damage as a result of a fire or any other reason, could seriously harm our ability to satisfy our customer order deadlines. If we cannot timely deliver our systems, our results from operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.

Failure to adjust our orders for parts and subcomponents in an accurate and timely manner in response to changing market conditions or customer acceptance of our products could adversely affect our financial position and results of operations

 

Our earnings could be negatively affected and our inventory levels could materially increase if we are unable to predict our inventory needs in an accurate and timely manner and adjust our orders for parts and subcomponents should our needs increase or decrease materially due to unexpected increases or decreases in demand for our products. Any material increase in our inventories could result in an adverse effect on our financial position, while any material decrease in our ability to procure needed inventories could result in an inability to supply customer demand for our products thus adversely affecting our revenues.

 

We may choose to acquire new and complementary businesses, products or technologies instead of developing them ourselves, and may be unable to complete these acquisitions or may not be able to successfully integrate an acquired business in a cost-effective and non-disruptive manner

 

Our success depends on our ability to continually enhance and broaden our product offerings in response to changing technologies, customer demands and competitive pressures. To this end, we have, from time to time, engaged in the process of identifying, analyzing and negotiating possible acquisition transactions and we expect to continue to do so in the future. We may choose to acquire new and complementary businesses, products, technologies and/or services instead of developing them ourselves. We may, however, face competition for acquisition targets from larger and more established companies with greater financial resources, making it more difficult for us to complete acquisitions. We cannot provide any assurance that we will be successful in consummating future acquisitions on favorable terms or that we will realize the benefits that we anticipate from one or more acquisitions that we consummate. Integrating any business, product technology or service we acquire could be expensive and time-consuming and/or disrupt our ongoing business. Further, there are numerous risks associated therewith, including but not limited to:

 

 

Our inability to consummate one or more acquisitions on such favorable terms or our failure to realize the intended benefits from one or more acquisitions, could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity, financial position and/or results of operations, including as a result of our incurrence of indebtedness and related interest expense and our assumption of unforeseen contingent liabilities. In order to finance any acquisitions, we might need to raise additional funds through public or private equity or debt financings. In that event, we could be forced to obtain financing on terms that are not favorable to us and, in the case of equity financing, that result in dilution to our stockholders. In addition, any impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets, amortization of intangible assets, write-down of other assets or charges resulting from the costs of acquisitions and purchase accounting could harm our business and operating results.

 

If we cannot effectively manage our growth, our business may suffer

 

Over the long-term we intend to continue to grow by increasing our sales efforts and completing strategic acquisitions. To effectively manage our growth, we must, among other things:

 

 

 

Our anticipated growth will likely place a significant strain on our management, financial, operational, technical, sales and administrative resources. Any failure to effectively manage our growth may cause our business to suffer and our stock price to decline.

 

Changes in tax rates or tax liabilities could affect results

 

As a global company, we are subject to taxation in the United States and various other countries. Significant judgment is required to determine and estimate worldwide tax liabilities. Our future annual and quarterly tax rates could be affected by numerous factors, including changes in the (1) applicable tax laws; (2) composition of earnings in countries with differing tax rates; or (3) valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities. In addition, we are subject to regular examination of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of favorable or unfavorable outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, there can be no assurance that any final determination will not be materially different from the treatment reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

 

Recent turmoil in the credit markets and the financial services industry may negatively impact our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity

 

Recently, the credit markets and the financial services industry have been experiencing a period of unprecedented turmoil and upheaval characterized by the bankruptcy, failure, collapse or sale of various financial institutions and an unprecedented level of intervention from the United States federal government. While the ultimate outcome of these events cannot be predicted, they may have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition if our ability to obtain credit from trade creditors were to be impaired. In addition, the recent economic crisis could also adversely impact our customers’ ability to finance the purchase of systems from us or our suppliers’ ability to provide us with product, either of which may negatively impact our business and results of operations.

 

Risks Related to the Semiconductor Device Industry

 

Cyclicality in the semiconductor device industry has led to substantial decreases in demand for our systems and may from time to time continue to do so

 

Our operating results are subject to significant variation due to the cyclical nature of the semiconductor device industry. Our business depends upon the capital expenditures of semiconductor device manufacturers, which, in turn, depend upon the current and anticipated market demand for semiconductors and products using semiconductors. The timing, length and severity of the up-and-down cycles in the semiconductor equipment industry are difficult to predict. This cyclical nature of the industry in which we operate affects our ability to accurately predict future revenue and, thus, future expense levels. When cyclical fluctuations result in lower than expected revenue levels, operating results may be adversely affected and cost reduction measures may be necessary in order for us to remain competitive and financially sound. During a down cycle, we must be in a position to adjust our cost and expense structure to prevailing market conditions and to continue to motivate and retain our key employees. In addition, during periods of rapid growth, we must be able to increase manufacturing capacity and personnel to meet customer demand. We can provide no assurance that these objectives can be met in a timely manner in response to industry cycles. If we fail to respond to industry cycles, our business could be seriously harmed.

Our future rate of growth is highly dependent on the development and growth of the market for microelectronic device inspection and metrology equipment

 

We target our products to address the needs of microelectronic device manufacturers for defect inspection and metrology. If for any reason the market for microelectronic device inspection or metrology equipment fails to grow in the long term, we may be unable to maintain current revenue levels in the short term and maintain our historical growth in the long term. Growth in the inspection market is dependent to a large extent upon microelectronic manufacturers replacing manual inspection with automated inspection technology. Growth in the metrology market is dependent to a large extent upon new chip designs and capacity expansion of microelectronic manufacturers. There is no assurance that manufacturers will undertake these actions at the rate we expect.

 

Risks Related to our Stock

 

Provisions of our charter documents and Delaware law, as well as our stockholder rights plan, could discourage potential acquisition proposals and/or delay, deter or prevent a change in control of our company

 

Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as our stockholder rights plan, may inhibit changes in control of our company not approved by our board of directors. These provisions also limit the circumstances in which a premium can be paid for the common stock, and in which a proxy contest for control of our board may be initiated. These provisions provide for:

 

 

We are also entitled to avail ourselves of the protections of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which could inhibit changes in control of us.

 

 

None.

 

Our executive office building is located at One Rudolph Road in Flanders, New Jersey. We own and lease facilities for engineering, sales and service related purposes in the United States and six other countries — China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Scotland. The following table indicates the general location, the general purpose and the square footage of our principal facilities. The expiration years of the leases covering the leased facilities are also indicated.

 

 

We also lease office space for other smaller sales and service offices in several locations throughout the world.

 

We believe that our existing facilities and capital equipment are adequate to meet our current requirements, and that suitable additional or substitute space is available on commercially reasonable terms if needed.

 

 

From time to time we are subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We are not aware of any legal proceedings or claims that management currently believes would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements taken as a whole if determined adversely to the Company.

 

On March 5, 2009, the Company announced a favorable verdict in its patent infringement suit against Camtek, Ltd., of Migdal Hamek, Israel, concerning Rudolph’s proprietary continuous scan wafer inspection technology. The jury determined in its verdict that all models of Camtek’s Falcon inspection systems infringe Rudolph’s US patent no. 6,826,298. In awarding approximately $6.8 million to Rudolph, the jury also rejected entirely Camtek’s arguments that Rudolph’s patent is invalid. This lawsuit was initially brought in 2005 by August Technology prior to its merger with Rudolph.

 

 

No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this report.

 

 

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “RTEC.” Set forth below is a line graph comparing the annual percentage change in the cumulative return to the stockholders of the Company’s Common Stock with the cumulative return of the Nasdaq Composite Index, the Research Data Group (RDG) Semiconductor Composite Index, and a custom peer group for the period commencing on December 31, 2003, and ending on December 31, 2008. The peer group is comprised of capital equipment manufacturers for the semiconductor industry with relatively comparable revenues and market capitalizations to that of the Company. The peer group was recommended by a global management consulting firm. The companies included in the peer group are MKS Instruments, Inc., FEI Co., Brooks Automation, Inc., Cymer, Inc. , Veeco Instruments, Inc., Cabot Microelectronics Corp., ATMI, Inc., FormFactor, Inc., Axcelis Technologies, Inc., Advanced Energy Industries, Inc., Cohu, Inc., EMCORE Corp., Semitool, Inc., Mattson Technology, Inc., LTX-Credence, Corp, Nanometrics, Inc., Ultratech, Inc., PDF Solutions, Inc., and AXT, Inc.

 

The information contained in the performance graph shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into such filing.

 

The graph assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2003 in the Company’s Common Stock and in each index, and that all dividends were reinvested. No cash dividends have been declared or paid on the Company’s Common Stock. Stockholder returns over the indicated period should not be considered indicative of future stockholder returns. The Company operates on a 52-week calendar year.

 

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among Rudolph Technologies, Inc., The NASDAQ Composite Index.
The RDG Semiconductor Composite Index And A Peer Group

 

 

 

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sale prices per share of our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ National Market.

 

 

As of February 19, 2009, there were 93 stockholders of record of our common stock and approximately 4,913 beneficial stockholders. The closing market value of our common stock on February 19, 2009 was $3.15.

 

We have never declared or paid a cash dividend on our common stock and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain our earnings, if any, for the development of our business. The declaration of any future dividends by us is within the discretion of our Board of Directors and will be dependent on our earnings, financial condition and capital requirements as well as any other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors.

 

Certain Equity Compensation Plan Information included in Item 12 of Part III, hereof, is hereby incorporated into this Item 5 of Part II and will be included in our Proxy Statement for the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

 

The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K, and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The balance sheet data as of December 31, 2007 and 2008 and the statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 set forth below were derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The balance sheet data as of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, and the statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 were derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included herein.

 

 

 

 

 

Overview

 

We are a worldwide leader in the design, development, manufacture and support of high-performance process control metrology, defect inspection, and data analysis systems used by semiconductor device manufacturers. We provide yield management solutions used in both wafer processing and final manufacturing through a family of standalone systems and integrated modules for both transparent and opaque thin film measurements and macro-defect inspection. All of these systems feature production-worthy automation and are backed by worldwide customer support.

 

On February 15, 2006, the merger with August Technology was completed. Under the terms of the agreement, we paid an aggregate of $37.2 million in cash and issued an aggregate of 11.3 million shares of our common stock to former August Technology shareholders for a total purchase price of $246.7 million. The results of operations of August Technology have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the date of the merger. Due to the size of August Technology and the effects of purchase accounting, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows may not be comparable to prior periods. With the exception of future tax adjustments related to the merger, the effects of purchase accounting were completed in 2006.

 

On December 18, 2007, Rudolph and a wholly-owned subsidiary entered into and consummated the transactions contemplated by, an agreement with Applied Precision Holdings, LLC and Applied Precision, LLC (collectively, “Applied”), pursuant to which we purchased substantially all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of the semiconductor division of Applied to be known as the Probe Card Test and Analysis division (“PCTA”). We paid $59.1 million in cash and acquisition costs and issued 1.3 million shares of common stock for a total purchase price of $73.2 million. PCTA is engaged in the business of designing, developing, manufacturing, marketing, selling and supporting advanced probe card metrology and wafer probe process monitoring equipment and is complementary to our existing business.

 

On January 22, 2008, we announced that we had acquired all intellectual property and selected assets from privately-held RVSI Inspection, LLC, headquartered in Hauppauge, New York. The acquired business is currently known as the Rudolph Technologies Wafer Scanner Product Group (“WSPG”). The transaction was accounted for using the purchase method of accounting for business combinations. The impact of the acquisition was not material to our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

 

Rudolph’s business is affected by the annual spending patterns of our customers on semiconductor capital equipment. The amount that our customers devote to capital equipment spending depends on a number of factors, including general worldwide economic conditions as well as other economic drivers such as personal computer, cell phone and personal electronic device sales. Current forecasts by industry analysts for the semiconductor device manufacturing industry project a year-over-year decrease in capital spending of 40-50% for 2009. We monitor capital equipment spending through announced capital spending plans by our customers and monthly-published industry data such as the book-to-bill ratio. The book-to-bill ratio is a 3-month running statistic that compares bookings or orders placed with capital equipment suppliers to billings or shipments. A book-to-bill above one shows that semiconductor device equipment manufacturers are ordering equipment at a pace that exceeds the equipment suppliers’ shipments for the period. The three month rolling average North American semiconductor equipment book-to-bill ratio was 0.9 for the month of December 2008, increasing from the September 2008 book-to-bill ratio of 0.7.

Historically, a significant portion of our revenues in each quarter and year has been derived from sales to relatively few customers, and we expect this trend to continue. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, sales to customers that individually represented at least five percent of our revenues accounted for 40.9%, 37.1%, and 36.3% of our revenues, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, sales to Intel accounted for 14.0%, 11.5% and 10.9% of our revenues, respectively.

 

We do not have purchase contracts with any of our customers that obligate them to continue to purchase our products, and they could cease purchasing products from us at any time. A delay in purchase or cancellation by any of our large customers could cause quarterly revenues to vary significantly. In addition, during a given quarter, a significant portion of our revenues may be derived from the sale of a relatively small number of systems. Our transparent film measurement systems range in average selling price from approximately $250,000 to $1.0 million per system, our opaque film measurement systems range in average selling price from approximately $900,000 to $2.0 million per system and our macro-defect inspection and probe card and test analysis systems range in average selling price from approximately $250,000 to $1.4 million per system. Accordingly, a small change in the number of systems we sell may also cause significant changes in our operating results. Because fluctuations in the timing of orders from our major customers or in the number of our individual systems we sell could cause our revenues to fluctuate significantly in any given quarter or year, we do not believe that period-to-period comparisons of our financial results are necessarily meaningful, and they should not be relied upon exclusively as an indication of our future performance.

 

A significant portion of our revenues has been derived from customers outside of the United States. In 2006, approximately 70.6% of our revenues were derived from customers outside of the United States, of which 59.9% were derived from customers in Asia and 10.7% were derived from customers in Europe. In 2007, approximately 77.1% of our revenues were derived from customers outside of the United States, of which 58.5% were derived from customers in Asia and 18.6% were derived from customers in Europe. In 2008, approximately 76.5% of our revenues were derived from customers outside of the United States, of which 57.0% were derived from customers in Asia and 19.5% were derived from customers in Europe. We expect that revenues generated from customers outside of the United States will continue to account for a significant percentage of our revenues.

 

The sales cycle for our systems typically ranges from six to 15 months, and can be longer when our customers are evaluating new technology. Due to the length of these cycles, we invest significantly in research and development and sales and marketing in advance of generating revenues related to these investments. Additionally, the rate and timing of customer orders may vary significantly from month to month. Accordingly, if sales of our products do not occur when we expect, our expenses and inventory levels may increase relative to revenues and total assets.

Results of Operations

 

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our statements of operations data as percentages of our revenues. Our results of operations are reported as one business segment.

 

 

Results of Operations 2006, 2007 and 2008

 

Revenues. Our revenues are derived from the sale of our systems, services, spare parts and software licensing. Our revenues were $201.2 million, $160.1 million and $131.0 million in the years 2006, 2007 and 2008. These changes represent a decrease of 20.4% from 2006 to 2007 and a decrease of 18.2% from 2007 to 2008. The decreases in revenue from 2006 through 2008 are primarily due to the continued weakness in the overall semiconductor equipment manufacturing sector.

 

The following table lists, for the periods indicated, the different sources of our revenues in dollars and as percentages of our total revenues:

 

 

Systems revenue decreased from 2006 through 2008 due to continued weakness in the overall semiconductor equipment manufacturing sector and reflects a decrease in metrology systems revenue of $33.3 million and a decrease in inspection systems revenue of $15.7 million from 2006 to 2007, a decrease in metrology systems revenue of $13.6 and a decrease in inspection systems revenues of $13.7 million for 2007 to 2008. Systems revenue generated by our latest product releases and major enhancements in each of our product families amounted to 31% of total revenue for 2006 compared to 29% of total revenue for 2007 and 40% of total revenue for 2008. The year-

over-year increase in parts and service revenues in absolute dollars from 2006 to 2007 is primarily due to customers continuing to spend more on repair and maintenance of their existing equipment. Parts and services revenues are generated from part sales, maintenance service contracts, system upgrades, as well as time and material billable service calls. The year-over-year increase in parts and service revenues in absolute dollars from 2007 to 2008 reflects additional parts and service revenues from the PCTA and WSPG acquisitions. The year-over-year increase in software licensing revenues of $5.8 million from 2006 to 2007 reflects the sale of certain technology rights to Tokyo Electron. The year-over-year decrease in software licensing revenues of $8.2 million from 2007 to 2008 reflects the sale of certain technology rights to Tokyo Electron in 2007 not occurring in 2008 and weakness in the semiconductor market.

 

Deferred revenues of $4.4 million are recorded in other current liabilities at December 31, 2008 and primarily consist of $4.0 million for deferred maintenance agreements and $0.4 million for systems awaiting acceptance and outstanding deliverables.

 

Gross Profit. Our gross profit has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, including inventory step-up from purchase accounting, manufacturing efficiencies, excess and obsolete inventory write-offs, pricing by competitors or suppliers, new product introductions, product sales mix, production volume, customization and reconfiguration of systems, international and domestic sales mix, and parts and service margins. Our gross profit was $97.4 million, $81.2 million and $43.7 million in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The increase in gross profit as a percentage of revenue from 2006 to 2007 is primarily due to the sales and transfer of certain technology rights to Tokyo Electron and higher charges to cost of goods sold in 2006. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of revenue from 2007 to 2008 is primarily due to the inventory write-offs of $11.3 million and acquired inventory sold in the 2008 that was written up to fair value in purchase accounting.

 

Research and Development. The thin film transparent, opaque process control and macro-defect inspection and probe card test analysis market is characterized by continuous technological development and product innovations. We believe that the rapid and ongoing development of new products and enhancements to existing products, including the transition to copper and low-k dielectrics, the progression to 300 mm wafers, the continuous shrinkage in critical dimensions, and the evolution of ultra-thin gate process control, is critical to our success. Accordingly, we devote a significant portion of our technical, management and financial resources to research and development programs. Research and development expenditures consist primarily of salaries and related expenses of employees engaged in research, design and development activities. They also include consulting fees and the cost of related supplies. Our research and development expense was $29.9 million, $30.0 million and $31.6 million in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The year-over-year dollar increase from 2006 to 2007 is primarily due to the engineering team from the August Technology merger being included for the full year ended December 31, 2007, and the write-off of $0.5 million for certain software project costs, partially offset by cost containment initiatives. The year-over-year dollar increase from 2007 to 2008 primarily due to the engineering teams from the PCTA and WSPG acquistions being included for 2008, partially offset by headcount reductions and lower project costs as part of our cost reduction efforts. We continue to maintain our commitment to investing in new product development and enhancement to existing products in order to position ourselves for future growth.

 

In-Process Research and Development. In 2006, the merger with August Technology resulted in our recording of $9.9 million for the write-off of IPRD. At the time of the merger, we determined that the IPRD had not reached technological feasibility and that it did not have an alternative future use. The purchased in-process technology projects, which were comprised of macro-defect inspection and software projects, had a value assigned to them of $6.9 million and $3.0 million, respectively. The defect inspection projects, related to the next generation of our AXi defect detection systems with enhanced defect capture capabilities, and were approximately 90% complete as of the date of merger. The estimated costs to complete these projects consisted primarily of internal engineering labor costs and were completed by the third quarter of 2006. The software projects, related to new enhancement features to our next generation inspection products, and were approximately 50% complete as of the date of merger, with the remaining cost to complete consisting primarily of internal software development labor cost. The software projects were completed in 2007. We generated revenue from the inspection project in the third quarter of 2006 and the software project in 2007.

In 2007, the acquisition of the PCTA resulted in our recording of $1.0 million for the write-off of IPRD. At the time of the acquisition, we determined that the IPRD had not reached technological feasibility and that it did not have an alternative future use. The purchased in-process technology project was a probe card test project related to the next generation of our ProbeWoRx systems with enhanced capabilities, and was approximately 20% complete as of the date of acquisition. The estimated costs to complete this project of $2.1 million consist primarily of internal engineering labor costs which will be completed in the first half of 2009. If we are not successful in completing the inspection project on a timely basis, the future sales of our inspection products may be adversely affected resulting in erosion of our market share.

 

Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expense is primarily comprised of salaries and related costs for sales, marketing, and general administrative personnel, as well as commissions and other non-personnel related expenses. Our selling, general and administrative expense was $32.4 million, $33.2 million and $34.0 million in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The year-over-year dollar increase from 2006 to 2007 in selling, general and administrative expense was primarily due to administrative costs associated with the merged activities of August Technology being included for the full year of 2007 and increased compensation costs. The year-over-year dollar increase from 2007 to 2008 in selling, general and administrative expense was primarily due to administrative costs associated with the merged activities of the PCTA and WSPG being included for 2008, partially offset by foreign exchange gains from our international operations.

 

Impairment Charge for Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets. Impairment charge for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets was $0 for both 2006 and 2007 and $227.1 million in 2008. We performed our annual goodwill impairment test on October 31st. During October 2008, we experienced a significant decline in our stock price. As a result of the decline in stock price, our market capitalization plus an implied control premium fell significantly below the recorded value of our consolidated net assets as of the testing date. In performing the goodwill impairment test, we used current market capitalization, control premiums, discounted cash flows and other factors as the best evidence of fair value. The impairment test resulted in no value attributable to our goodwill and accordingly, we wrote off all of our $192.9 million of goodwill as of October 31, 2008.

 

In connection with the goodwill impairment test, we determined that our identifiable acquired intangible assets were impaired. The determination was based on the carrying values exceeding the future undiscounted cash flows and fair value attributable to such intangible assets. As a result, we recorded an impairment charge of $34.2 million as of October 31, 2008, which represents the difference between the estimated fair values of these long-lived assets as compared to their carrying values. Fair values were determined based upon market conditions, the relief from royalty approach which utilized cash flow projections, and other factors.

 

Interest Income and Other, Net. Interest income and other, net was $3.2 million, $4.1 million and $1.2 million in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Interest income and other, net consisted primarily of interest income and realized gains and losses on sales of marketable securities. The year-over year increase in interest income and other, net of $1.0 million from 2006 to 2007 is primarily due to higher invested cash balances and higher average interest rates. The year-over-year decrease in interest income and other, net of $2.9 million from 2007 to 2008 is primarily due to lower average invested cash balances and lower average interest rates.

 

Income Taxes. Income tax expense was $11.7 million, $4.8 million, respectively, in 2006 and 2007. In 2008 there was an income tax benefit of $4.1 million. Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 was 48.0% and 29.0% of income before provision for income taxes, respectively. This differs from the federal statutory income tax rate of 35%, primarily as a result of state income taxes offset by benefits from research and development tax credits, the domestic manufacturing production deduction and tax exempt interest. In addition, our effective tax rate was impacted by the non-deductibility of the IPRD charges for tax purposes of $9.9 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

 

The income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $4.1 million or 1.6% of loss before benefit for income taxes. The income tax benefit differs from the amount that would result from applying the federal statutory income tax rate of 35% to our loss before benefit for income taxes, primarily due to our inability to record a full income tax benefit for the impairments of the goodwill and long-lived assets and valuation allowances in taxable jurisdictions.

We evaluate the recoverability of deferred tax assets from future taxable income and establish valuation allowances if recovery is deemed not likely. The valuation allowance increased $0.3 million and $35.2 million in 2007 and 2008, respectively.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

At December 31, 2006, our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaled $106.2 million, while working capital amounted to $200.9 million. At December 31, 2007, we had $73.9 million of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and $176.3 million in working capital. At December 31, 2008, we had $78.3 million of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and $147.7 million in working capital.

 

Typically during periods of revenue growth, changes in accounts receivable and inventories represent a use of cash as we incur costs and expend cash in advance of receiving cash from our customers. Similarly, during periods of declining revenue, changes in accounts receivable and inventories represent a source of cash as inventory purchases decline and revenue from prior periods is collected. However, in 2007 and 2008, as our revenues declined our change in inventories represented a use of cash. This was primarily due to increasing inventory related to new products and the acceleration of the slowdown in the semiconductor industry. Because of the lack of visibility in projected sales for 2009, we are uncertain as to the level of expected cash to be used in operating activities in 2009.

 

Net cash provided by operating activities in 2006, 2007 and 2008 totaled $20.6 million, $23.6 million and $15.4 million, respectively. During 2006, cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to net income, adjusted to exclude the effect of non-cash charges, of $42.6 million, an increase in deferred revenue of $7.9 million, an increase in other current liabilities of $1.0 million, an increase in accrued liabilities of $0.8 million and an increase in income taxes payable of $0.6 million, partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable of $25.1 million and an increase in inventories of $7.1 million. During 2007, cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to net income, adjusted to exclude the effect of non-cash charges, of $23.4 million and a decrease in accounts receivable of $21.4 million, partially offset by a decrease in deferred revenue of $6.1 million, an increase in inventories of $5.4 million, a decrease in accrued liabilities of $4.0 million, a decrease in accounts payable of $3.3 million and an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $2.3 million. During 2008, cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts receivable of $31.3 million, net loss, adjusted to exclude the effect of non-cash charges, of $2.2 million, partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable of $5.6 million, an increase in income taxes receivable of $4.2 million, an increase in inventories of $4.3 million, a decrease in accrued liabilities of $2.5 million and a decrease in deferred revenue of $1.6 million.

 

Net cash provided by investing activities in 2006 totaled $3.6 million. Net cash used in investing activities in 2007 and 2008 totaled $40.5 million and $5.7 million, respectively. In 2006, net cash provided by investing activities included proceeds from sales of marketable securities of $93.4 million, partially offset by purchases of marketable securities of $70.8 million, capital expenditures of $4.7 million, costs incurred for capitalized software of $2.2 million and acquisition costs for the August Technology merger of $12.1 million net of cash acquired of $29.9 million. In 2007, net cash used by investing activities included purchases of marketable securities of $77.7 million, acquisition costs for business combinations of $56.2 million, capital expenditures of $1.0 million, costs incurred for capitalized software of $0.7 million, partially offset by proceeds from sales of marketable securities of $95.1 million. In 2008, net cash used by investing activities included purchases of marketable securities of $15.5 million, acquisition costs for business combinations of $8.5 million, capital expenditures of $3.0 million, partially offset by proceeds from sales of marketable securities of $21.3 million. Capital expenditures over the next six months are expected to be approximately $1.3 million.

 

Net cash provided by financing activities was $10.1 million, $1.5 million and $0.2 million in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. In 2006, net cash provided by financing activities was a result of proceeds received from sales of shares through share-based compensation plans of $9.0 million and tax benefit from share-based compensation plans of $1.2 million. In 2007, net cash provided by financing activities was a result of proceeds received from sales of shares through share-based compensation plans of $1.3 million and tax benefit from share-based compensation plans of $0.1 million. In 2008, net cash provided by financing activities was a result of proceeds received from sales of shares through share-based compensation plans of $0.2 million.

From time to time we evaluate whether to acquire new or complementary businesses, products and/or technologies. We may fund all or a portion of the purchase price of these acquisitions in cash. On December 18, 2007, we announced that our acquisition of the semiconductor division of Applied Precision Holdings, LLC had been completed. Under the terms of the agreement, we paid an aggregate of $59.1 million in cash and issued an aggregate of 1.3 million shares of our common stock to Applied Precision Holdings, LLC. On January 22, 2008, we announced that we had acquired all intellectual property and selected assets from privately-held RVSI Inspection, LLC, headquartered in Hauppauge, New York.

 

In July 2008, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program of up to 3 million shares. We did not purchase any shares to date under this program.

 

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the timing and amount of our revenues and our investment decisions, which will affect our ability to generate additional cash. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for working capital and capital expenditures for the foreseeable future. Thereafter, if cash generated from operations and financing activities is insufficient to satisfy our working capital requirements, we may seek additional funding through bank borrowings, sales of securities or other means. There can be no assurance that we will be able to raise any such capital on terms acceptable to us or at all.

 

Contractual Obligations

 

The following table summarizes our significant contractual obligations at December 31, 2008, and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods. This table excludes the liability for unrecognized tax benefits that totaled approximately $6.0 million at December 31, 2008. We are currently unable to provide a reasonably reliable estimate of the amount or periods when cash settlement of this liability may occur.

 

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity and capital resources.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We review the accounting policies we use in reporting our financial results on a regular basis. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, accounts receivable, inventories, business acquisitions, intangible assets, share-based payments, income taxes and warranty obligations. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Results may differ from these estimates due to actual outcomes being different from those on which we based our assumptions. These estimates and judgments are reviewed by management on an ongoing basis, and by the Audit Committee at the end of each quarter prior to the public release of our financial results. We believe the following critical accounting

policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

 

Revenue Recognition. Revenue is recognized when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured. Certain sales of our products are sold and accounted for as multiple element arrangements, consisting primarily of the sale of the product, software, installation and training services. We generally recognize product revenue upon shipment. In the limited circumstances where customer acceptance is subjective and not obtained prior to shipment, we defer product revenue until such time as positive affirmation of acceptance has been obtained from the customer. Customer acceptance is generally based on our products meeting published performance specifications. The amount of revenue allocated to the shipment of products is done on a residual method basis. Under this method, the total arrangement value is allocated first to undelivered contract elements, based on their fair values, with the remainder being allocated to product revenue. The fair value of installation and training services is based upon billable hourly rates and the estimated time to complete the service. Revenue related to undelivered installation services is deferred until such time as installation is completed at the customer’s site. Revenue related to training services is recognized ratably over the training period. Revenue from software license fees is recognized upon shipment if collection of the resulting receivable is probable, the fee is fixed or determinable, and vendor-specific objective evidence exists to allocate a portion of the total fee to any undelivered elements of the arrangement. Such undelivered elements in these arrangements typically consist of follow-on support. If vendor-specific objective evidence does not exist for the undelivered elements of the arrangement, all revenue is deferred and recognized ratably over the support period.

 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. We specifically analyze accounts receivable and analyze historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness, current economic trends and changes in our customer payment terms when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments or our assumptions are otherwise incorrect, additional allowances may be required.

 

Excess and Obsolete Inventory. We write down our excess and obsolete inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future product life-cycles, product demand and market conditions. If actual product life-cycles, product demand and market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required.

 

Business Acquisitions. We account for acquired or merged businesses using the purchase method of accounting which requires that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recorded at the date of acquisition or merger at their respective fair values. The judgments made in determining the estimated fair value assigned to each class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as asset lives, can materially impact our consolidated financial position and results of operations. Accordingly, for significant items, we typically obtain assistance from independent valuation specialists.

 

There are several methods that can be used to determine the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. For intangible assets, we normally utilize the “income method.” This method starts with a forecast of all of the expected future net cash flows. These cash flows are then adjusted to present value by applying an appropriate discount rate that reflects the risk factors associated with the cash flow streams. Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the income method or other methods include the projected future cash flows (including timing) and the discount rate reflecting the risks inherent in the future cash flows. Determining the useful life of an intangible asset also requires judgment. For example, different types of intangible assets will have different useful lives and certain assets may even be considered to have indefinite useful lives. All of these judgments and estimates can significantly impact our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

 

The purchase price is preliminarily allocated based on estimates of the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The final valuation of net assets is expected to be completed within one year from the acquisition or merger date. At the acquisition or merger date, we begin to formulate a plan to exit or restructure certain activities, if applicable. As we finalize our plans to exit or restructure activities, we may record additional

liabilities for, among other things, severance and severance related costs, which would also increase the goodwill recorded.

 

Goodwill. Our formal annual impairment testing date for goodwill is October 31st or prior to the next annual testing date if an event occurs or circumstances change that would make it more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying amount. The goodwill impairment test is a two-step process which requires us to make judgmental assumptions regarding fair value. The initial first step consists of estimating the fair value of our aggregated reporting unit using the market value of our common stock at October 31, multiplied by the number of outstanding common shares (market capitalization) and an implied control premium as if it were to be acquired by a single stockholder. We obtain information on completed sales of similar companies in a comparable industry to estimate an implied control premium for us. We compare the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value which includes goodwill. If the results of the initial market capitalization test produce results which are below the reporting unit carrying value, we will also consider if, the market capitalization is temporarily low and, if so, we may also perform a discounted cash flow test. If the estimated fair value is less than the carrying value, the second step is completed to compute the impairment amount by determining the “implied fair value” of goodwill. This determination requires the allocation of the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. Any remaining unallocated fair value represents the “implied fair value” of goodwill which is compared to the corresponding carrying value to compute the goodwill impairment amount.

 

We performed our annual goodwill impairment test on October 31st. During the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company experienced a significant decline in its stock price. As a result of the decline in stock price, the Company’s market capitalization plus an implied control premium fell significantly below the recorded value of its consolidated net assets as of the testing date. In performing the goodwill impairment test, the Company used current market capitalization, control premiums, discounted cash flows and other factors as the best evidence of fair value. The impairment test resulted in no value attributable to the Company’s goodwill and accordingly, the Company wrote off all of its $192.9 million of goodwill as of October 31, 2008.

 

Long-Lived Assets and Acquired Intangible Assets. We periodically review long-lived assets, other than goodwill, for impairment whenever changes in events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Assumptions and estimates used in the determination of impairment losses, such as future cash flows and disposition costs, may affect the carrying value of long-lived assets and the impairment of such long-lived assets, if any, could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

 

In connection with the goodwill impairment test as of October 31, 2008, the Company determined that its identifiable acquired intangible assets were impaired. The determination was based on the carrying values exceeding the future undiscounted cash flows and fair value attributable to such intangible assets. As a result, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $34.2 million, which represents the difference between the estimated fair values of these long-lived assets as compared to their carrying values. Fair values were determined based upon market conditions, the relief from royalty approach which utilized cash flow projections, and other factors.

 

As of December 31, 2008, we again tested for impairment of our long-lived assets and acquired intangible assets and determined no further impairment existed.

 

Share-Based Compensation. Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123 (revised 2004) “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS 123R”) using the modified-prospective-transition method. SFAS 123R requires companies to recognize the fair-value of share-based compensation transactions in the statement of operations. The fair value of our stock options is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes valuation calculation requires us to estimate key assumptions such as future stock price volatility, expected terms, risk-free rates and dividend yield. Expected stock price volatility is based on historical volatility of our stock. We use historical data to estimate option exercises and employee terminations within the valuation model. The expected term of options granted is derived from an analysis of historical exercises and remaining contractual life of stock options, and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. We have never paid cash dividends, and do not currently intend to pay cash dividends, and thus have assumed a 0% dividend yield. If our actual experience differs significantly from the assumptions used

to compute our share-based compensation cost, or if different assumptions had been used, we may have recorded too much or too little share-based compensation cost. In addition, we are required to estimate the expected forfeiture rate of our share grants and only recognize the expense for those shares expected to vest. If the actual forfeiture rate is materially different from our estimate, our share-based compensation expense could be materially different.

 

Warranties. We provide for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. While we engage in product quality programs and processes, our warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. Should actual product failure rates, material usage or service delivery costs differ from our estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required.

 

Accounting for Income Taxes. As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our actual current tax exposure together with our temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These temporary differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheet. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and to the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance. Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes and any valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax assets. The need for a valuation allowance is based on our estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction in which we operate and the period over which our deferred taxes will be recoverable. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or we adjust these estimates in future periods, we may need to adjust the valuation allowance, which could materially impact our financial position and results of operations. At December 31, 2008, we had a valuation allowance of $36.5 million on most of our deferred tax assets to reflect the deferred tax asset at the net amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

 

We adopted FASB Financial Interpretation No. (“FIN”) 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” at the beginning of fiscal 2007. As a result of the adoption of FIN 48, we recognize liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on the two-step process prescribed by the interpretation. The first step requires us to determine if the weight of available evidence indicates that the tax position has met the threshold for recognition; therefore, we must evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step requires us to measure the tax benefit of the tax position taken, or expected to be taken, in an income tax return as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized when effectively settled. This measurement step is inherently difficult and requires subjective estimations of such amounts to determine the probability of various possible outcomes. We reevaluate the uncertain tax positions each quarter based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, effectively settled issues, and new audit activity. Such a change in recognition or measurement could result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision in the period.

 

Although we believe the measurement of our liabilities for uncertain tax positions is reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final outcome of these matters will not be different than what is reflected in the historical income tax provisions and accruals. If additional taxes are assessed as a result of an audit or litigation, it could have a material effect on our income tax provision and net income in the period or periods for which that determination is made.

 

Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In March 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosure about Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities-an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133” (“SFAS 161”), which requires enhanced disclosures about an entity’s derivative and hedging activities and thereby improves the transparency of financial reporting. SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008 with early application encouraged. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting SFAS 161.

 

In February 2008, the FASB adopted FASB Staff Position SFAS No. 157-2 - “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157” delaying the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for one year for all non financial assets and non financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). We are currently evaluating the impact of the implementation of SFAS No. 157 for non-financial assets and liabilities on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R, “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141R”), which establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in an acquiree, and the recognition and measurement of goodwill acquired in a business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase. SFAS 141R applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008.

 

In November 2007, the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) issued EITF Issue No. 07-1 (“EITF 07-1”), “Accounting for Collaborative Arrangements,” which defines collaborative arrangements and establishes reporting and disclosure requirements for such arrangements. EITF 07-1 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. We are continuing to evaluate the impact of adopting the provisions EITF 07-1; however, we do not anticipate that adoption will have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

 

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159 (“SFAS 159”), “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities-Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115.” SFAS 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The objective is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reporting earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years that begin after November 15, 2007. We adopted SFAS 159 on January 1, 2008 and did not elect the fair value option for our financial instruments.

 

 

Interest Rate and Credit Market Risk

 

We are exposed to changes in interest rates and market liquidity primarily from our investments in certain available-for-sale securities. Our available-for-sale securities consist of fixed and variable rate income investments (U.S. Treasury and Agency securities, asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities, auction rate securities and corporate bonds). We continually monitor our exposure to changes in interest rates, market liquidity and credit ratings of issuers from our available-for-sale securities. It is possible that we are at risk if interest rates, market liquidity or credit ratings of issuers change in an unfavorable direction. The magnitude of any gain or loss will be a function of the difference between the fixed rate of the financial instrument and the market rate and our financial condition and results of operations could be materially affected. Based on sensitivity analysis performed on our financial investments held as of December 31, 2008, an immediate adverse change of 10% in interest rates (e.g. 3.00% to 3.30%) would result in an immaterial decrease in the fair value of our available-for-sale securities.

 

Foreign Currency Risk

 

We have branch operations in Taiwan, Singapore, China and Korea and wholly-owned subsidiaries in Europe and Japan. Our international subsidiaries and branches operate primarily using local functional currencies. These foreign branches and subsidiaries are limited in their operations and level of investment so that the risk of currency fluctuations is not material. A substantial portion of our international systems sales are denominated in U.S. dollars with the exception of Japan and, as a result, we have relatively little exposure to foreign currency exchange risk with respect to these sales. Substantially all our sales in Japan are denominated in Japanese yen. From time to time, we may enter into forward exchange contracts to economically hedge a portion of, but not all, existing and anticipated foreign currency denominated transactions expected to occur within 12 months. The change in fair value of the forward contracts is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations each reporting period. As of December 31, 2007 and 2008, we had seventeen and sixteen forward contracts outstanding, respectively. The total notional contract value of these outstanding forward contracts at December 31, 2007 and 2008 was $5.7 million and $2.3 million, respectively. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

 

 

The consolidated financial statements required by this item are set forth on the pages indicated at Item 15(a) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

A change in accountants was previously reported on a Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 24, 2008.

 

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures.

 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in SEC rules and forms. These controls and procedures are also designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, we have recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Management is required to apply judgment in evaluating its controls and procedures.

 

We performed an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, to assess the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures under the Exchange Act as of December 31, 2008. Based on that evaluation, our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2008.

 

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on our evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2008.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

Our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2008 have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Ernst & Young LLP has also audited our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, as stated in its attestation report included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

There have been no changes during the Company’s quarter ended December 31, 2008 in its internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.

 

 

None.

 

Certain information required by Part III is omitted from this Annual Report on Form 10-K because we will file a definitive proxy statement within one hundred twenty (120) days after the end of the fiscal year pursuant to Regulation 14A (the “Proxy Statement”) for our Annual Meeting of Stockholders currently scheduled for May 19, 2009, and the information included in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

The information required by this Item with respect to directors and executive officers is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement. Information regarding compliance with Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is incorporated by reference to the information under the heading “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Proxy Statement.

 

Code of Ethics. We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and controller. This code of ethics is posted on our internet website address at http://www.rudolphtech.com.

 

 

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement.

 

 

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement.

 

 

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement.

 

 

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement.

 

 

 

(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

 

1. Financial Statements

 

The consolidated financial statements and consolidated financial statement information required by this Item are included on pages F-1 through F-8 of this report. The Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms appear on pages F-2 through F-4 of this report.

 

2. Financial Statement Schedule

 

See Index to financial statements on page F-1 of this report.

 

3. Exhibits

 

The following is a list of exhibits. Where so indicated, exhibits, which were previously filed, are incorporated by reference.

 

 

 

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RUDOLPH TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND

FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE

 

 

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Rudolph Technologies, Inc.:

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Rudolph Technologies, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2007. In connection with our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we also have audited the consolidated financial statement schedule for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2007. These consolidated financial statements and the financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and the financial statement schedule based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Rudolph Technologies, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

 

As discussed in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainties in Income Taxes”, effective January 1, 2007.

 

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment”, effective January 1, 2006.

 

/s/ KPMG LLP

 

Short Hills, New Jersey

March 3, 2008

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Rudolph Technologies, Inc.

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Rudolph Technologies, Inc. as of December 31, 2008, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholder’s equity and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2008. Our audit also included the financial statement schedule listed in the index at Item 15(a). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audit.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Rudolph Technologies, Inc. at December 31, 2008, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.

 

As discussed in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115”, effective January 1, 2008.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 5, 2009, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

 

Metropark, New Jersey

March 5, 2009

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Rudolph Technologies, Inc.

 

We have audited Rudolph Technologies, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Rudolph Technologies, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

In our opinion, Rudolph Technologies, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on the COSO criteria.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of Rudolph Technologies, Inc. as of December 31, 2008, and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income (loss) and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2008 of Rudolph Technologies, Inc. and our report dated March 5, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

 

Metropark, NJ

March 5, 2009

RUDOLPH TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except per share data)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

RUDOLPH TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

RUDOLPH TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008
(In thousands)