As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2005
Registration No. 333-
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
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GERON CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
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Delaware 75-2287752
(State or Other Jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or Organization) Identification No.)
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230 Constitution Drive
Menlo Park, California 94025
(650) 473-7700
(Address, Including Zip Code and Telephone Number,
Including Area Code, of Registrant's Principal Executive Offices)
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Thomas B. Okarma
President and Chief Executive Officer
Geron Corporation
230 Constitution Drive
Menlo Park, California 94025
(650) 473-7700
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code and Telephone Number,
Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)
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Copies to:
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Alan C. Mendelson, Esq.
Latham & Watkins LLP
135 Commonwealth Drive
Menlo Park, California 94025
(650) 328-4600
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Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to
time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
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If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered
pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following
box. [_]
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be
offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the
Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with
dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. [X]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box
and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering. [_]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule
462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities
Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration
statement for the same offering. [_]
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule
434, please check the following box [_]
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CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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Proposed Maximum Proposed Maximum Amount of
Title of Securities to be Amount to be Offering Price per Aggregate Offering Registration
Registered Registered(1) share Price Fee
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Common Stock, par value $.001 per
share 151,550 shares $10.28 (2) $1,557,934 $197.39 (3)
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(1) In the event of a stock split, stock dividend, or similar transaction
involving Geron's common stock, in order to prevent dilution, the number of
shares registered shall automatically be increased to cover the additional
shares in accordance with Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act.
(2) The offering price is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the
registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) and based upon the average
of the high and low prices reported by Nasdaq National Market on August 19,
2005.
(3) Calculated in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933.
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date
or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant
shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration
statement shall hereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(A) of
the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become
effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting
pursuant to said Section 8(A), may determine.
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The selling stockholder may not sell these securities until the
registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is
effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is
not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer
or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED AUGUST 24, 2005
UP TO 151,550 SHARES OF
GERON CORPORATION
COMMON STOCK
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the
symbol "GERN." On August 19, 2005, the closing price of our common stock was
$10.09.
This prospectus relates to the sale of up to 151,550 shares of our
common stock by Transgenomic, Inc. We will not receive any of the proceeds from
the sale of these shares covered by this prospectus.
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. See "Risk
Factors" beginning on page 1.
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Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") nor any
state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or
passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the prospectus. Any representation to
the contrary is a criminal offense.
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The date of this prospectus is August 24, 2005.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
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ABOUT GERON....................................................................1
RISK FACTORS...................................................................1
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS....................................................14
USE OF PROCEEDS...............................................................14
DESCRIPTION OF OUR COMMON STOCK...............................................14
SELLING STOCKHOLDER...........................................................15
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION..........................................................16
LEGAL MATTERS.................................................................17
EXPERTS.......................................................................17
LIMITATION ON LIABILITY AND DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON
INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES................................17
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION...........................................17
DOCUMENTS WE HAVE INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE...................................18
ABOUT GERON
We are a biopharmaceutical company developing and commercializing three
groups of products: i) therapeutic products for oncology that target telomerase;
ii) pharmaceuticals that activate telomerase in tissues impacted by senescence,
injury or degenerative disease; and iii) cell-based therapies derived from its
human embryonic stem cell platform for applications in multiple chronic
diseases.
We were incorporated in 1990 under the laws of Delaware. Our principal
executive offices are located at 230 Constitution Drive, Menlo Park, California
94025 and our telephone number is (650) 473-7700.
RISK FACTORS
Our business is subject to various risks, including those described below.
You should carefully consider these risk factors, together with all of the other
information included in this Registration Statement. Any of these risks could
materially adversely affect our business, operating results and financial
condition.
Our business is at an early stage of development.
Our business is at an early stage of development, in that we do not yet have
product candidates in late-stage clinical trials or on the market. One of our
product candidates, a telomerase therapeutic cancer vaccine, is being studied in
a Phase 1-2 clinical trial being conducted by an academic institution. Our lead
anti-cancer drug compound, GRN163L, has received FDA clearance to begin clinical
testing in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Our ability to develop
product candidates that progress to and through clinical trials is subject to
our ability to, among other things:
o have success with our research and development efforts;
o select therapeutic compounds for development;
o obtain the required regulatory approvals; and
o manufacture and market resulting products.
Potential lead drug compounds or product candidates identified through our
research programs will require significant preclinical and clinical testing
prior to regulatory approval in the United States and other countries. Our
product candidates and compounds we have identified may prove to have
undesirable and unintended side effects or other characteristics adversely
affecting their safety, efficacy or cost-effectiveness that could prevent or
limit their commercial use. In addition, our product candidates may not prove to
be more effective for treating disease or injury than current therapies.
Accordingly, we may have to delay or abandon efforts to research, develop or
obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidates. In addition, we
will need to determine whether any of our potential products can be manufactured
in commercial quantities at an acceptable cost. Our research and development
efforts may not result in a product that can be approved by regulators or
marketed successfully. Because of the significant scientific, regulatory and
commercial milestones that must be reached for any of our development programs
to be successful, any program may be abandoned, even after we have expended
significant resources on the program, such as our investments in telomerase
technology and human embryonic stem cells, which could cause a sharp drop in our
stock price.
The science and technology of telomere biology and telomerase, human
embryonic stem cells, and nuclear transfer are relatively new. There is no
precedent for the successful commercialization of product candidates based on
our technologies. These development programs are therefore particularly risky.
We have a history of losses and anticipate future losses, and continued losses
could impair our ability to sustain operations.
1
We have incurred operating losses every year since our operations began in
1990. As of June 30, 2005, our accumulated net loss was approximately $348.8
million. Losses have resulted principally from costs incurred in connection with
our research and development activities and from general and administrative
costs associated with our operations. We expect to incur additional operating
losses and, as our development efforts and clinical testing activities continue,
our operating losses may increase in size. Substantially all of our revenues to
date have been research support payments under collaboration agreements and
revenues from our licensing arrangements. We may be unsuccessful in entering
into any new corporate collaboration that results in revenues. We do not expect
that the revenues generated from these arrangements will be sufficient alone to
continue or expand our research or development activities and otherwise sustain
our operations.
We are unable to estimate at this time whether we will ever receive
substantial revenue from the sale of diagnostic product candidates and
telomerase-immortalized cell lines, and do not currently expect to receive
sufficient revenues from the sale of these product candidates, if developed, to
sustain our operations. Our ability to continue or expand our research
activities and otherwise sustain our operations is dependent on our ability,
alone or with others, to, among other things, manufacture and market therapeutic
products.
We also expect to experience negative cash flow for the foreseeable future
as we fund our operating losses and capital expenditures. This will result in
decreases in our working capital, total assets and stockholders' equity, which
may not be offset by future financings. We will need to generate significant
revenues to achieve profitability. We may not be able to generate these
revenues, and we may never achieve profitability. Our failure to achieve
profitability could negatively impact the market price of our common stock. Even
if we do become profitable, we cannot assure you that we would be able to
sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis.
We will need additional capital to conduct our operations and develop our
products, and our ability to obtain the necessary funding is uncertain.
We will require substantial capital resources in order to conduct our
operations and develop our candidates, and we cannot assure you that our
existing capital resources, interest income and equipment financing arrangements
will be sufficient to fund our current and planned operations. The timing and
degree of any future capital requirements will depend on many factors,
including:
o the accuracy of the assumptions underlying our estimates for our
capital needs in 2005 and beyond;
o the magnitude and scope of our research and development programs;
o the progress we make in our research and development programs and in
preclinical development and clinical trials;
o our ability to establish, enforce and maintain strategic arrangements
for research, development, clinical testing, manufacturing and
marketing;
o the number and type of product candidates that we pursue;
o the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approvals and
clearances; and
o the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining,
defending and enforcing patent claims.
We do not have any committed sources of capital. Additional financing
through strategic collaborations, public or private equity financings, capital
lease transactions or other financing sources may not be available on acceptable
terms, or at all. The receptivity of the public and private equity markets to
proposed financings is substantially affected by the general economic, market
and political climate and by other factors which are unpredictable and over
which we have no control. Additional equity financings, if we obtain them, could
result in significant dilution to stockholders. Further, in the event that
additional funds are obtained through arrangements with collaborative partners,
these arrangements may require us to relinquish rights to some of our
technologies, product candidates or products that we would otherwise seek to
develop and commercialize ourselves. If sufficient capital is not available, we
may be required to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of our
programs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
2
We do not have experience as a company conducting large-scale clinical trials,
or other areas required for the successful commercialization and marketing of
our product candidates.
We will need to receive regulatory approval for any product candidates
before they may be marketed and distributed. Such approval will require, among
other things, completing carefully controlled and well-designed clinical trials
demonstrating the safety and efficacy of each product candidate. This process is
lengthy, expensive and uncertain. We currently have no experience as a company
in conducting large-scale, late stage clinical trials. Such trials would require
either additional financial and management resources, or reliance on third-party
clinical investigators or clinical research organizations (CROs). Relying on
third-party clinical investigators or CROs may force us to encounter delays that
are outside of our control.
We also do not currently have marketing and distribution capabilities for
our product candidates. Developing an internal sales and distribution capability
would be an expensive and time-consuming process. We may enter into agreements
with third parties that would be responsible for marketing and distribution.
However, these third parties may not be capable of successfully selling any of
our product candidates.
Because we or our collaborators must obtain regulatory approval to market our
products in the United States and other countries, we cannot predict whether or
when we will be permitted to commercialize our products.
Federal, state and local governments in the United States and governments in
other countries have significant regulations in place that govern many of our
activities. The preclinical testing and clinical trials of the products that we
or our collaborators develop are subject to extensive government regulation that
may prevent us from creating commercially viable product candidates from our
discoveries. In addition, the sale by us or our collaborators of any
commercially viable product will be subject to government regulation from
several standpoints, including the processes of:
o manufacturing;
o advertising and promoting;
o selling and marketing;
o labeling; and
o distributing.
If, and to the extent that, we are unable to comply with these regulations,
our ability to earn revenues will be materially and negatively impacted.
The regulatory process, particularly for biopharmaceutical product
candidates like ours, is uncertain, can take many years and requires the
expenditure of substantial resources. Any product candidate that we or our
collaborators develop must receive all relevant regulatory agency approvals or
clearances before it may be marketed in the United States or other countries.
Biological drugs and non-biological drugs are rigorously regulated. In
particular, human pharmaceutical therapeutic product candidates are subject to
rigorous preclinical and clinical testing and other requirements by the Food and
Drug Administration in the United States and similar health authorities in other
countries in order to demonstrate safety and efficacy. Because certain of our
product candidates involve the application of new technologies or are based upon
a new therapeutic approach, they may be subject to substantial additional review
by various government regulatory authorities, and, as a result, the process of
obtaining regulatory approvals for them may proceed more slowly than for product
candidates based upon more conventional technologies. We may never obtain
regulatory approval to market our product candidates.
3
Data obtained from preclinical and clinical activities is susceptible to
varying interpretations that could delay, limit or prevent regulatory agency
approvals or clearances. In addition, delays or rejections may be encountered as
a result of changes in regulatory agency policy during the period of product
development and/or the period of review of any application for regulatory agency
approval or clearance for a product candidate. Delays in obtaining regulatory
agency approvals or clearances could
o significantly harm the marketing of any products that we or our
collaborators develop;
o impose costly procedures upon our activities or the activities of our
collaborators;
o diminish any competitive advantages that we or our collaborators may
attain; or
o adversely affect our ability to receive royalties and generate
revenues and profits.
Even if we commit the necessary time and resources, the required regulatory
agency approvals or clearances may not be obtained for any product candidates
developed by or in collaboration with us. If we obtain regulatory agency
approval or clearance for a new product, this approval or clearance may entail
limitations on the indicated uses for which it can be marketed that could limit
the potential commercial use of the product. Furthermore, approved products and
their manufacturers are subject to continual review, and discovery of previously
unknown problems with a product or its manufacturer may result in restrictions
on the product or manufacturer, including withdrawal of the product from the
market. Failure to comply with regulatory requirements can result in severe
civil and criminal penalties, including but not limited to:
o recall or seizure of products;
o injunction against manufacture, distribution, sales and marketing; and
o criminal prosecution.
The imposition of any of these penalties could significantly impair our
business, financial condition and results of operations.
Entry into clinical trials with one or more product candidates may not result in
any commercially viable products.
We may never generate revenues from product sales because of a variety of
risks inherent in our business, including the following risks:
o clinical trials may not demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our
product candidates;
o completion of clinical trials may be delayed, or costs of clinical
trials may exceed anticipated amounts;
o we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval of our products, or
may experience delays in obtaining such approvals;
o we may not be able to manufacture our product candidates economically
on a commercial scale;
o we and our licensees may not be able to successfully market our
products;
o physicians may not prescribe our product candidates, or patients may
not accept such product candidates;
o others may have proprietary rights which prevent us from marketing our
products; and
o competitors may sell similar, superior or lower-cost products.
We have completed early-stage clinical testing for a small number of
patients using our telomerase cancer vaccine product. The results of this
testing may not be indicative of successful outcomes in later stage trials. We
have received FDA clearance to initiate clinical testing of our telomerase
inhibitor compound, GRN163L. This is the first clinical trial for this product
and no results have been received.
4
Restrictions on the use of human embryonic stem cells, political commentary and
the ethical, legal and social implications of research involving human embryonic
stem cells, could prevent us from developing or gaining acceptance for
commercially viable products based upon such stem cells, and adversely affect
the market price of our common stock.
Some of our most important programs involve the use of stem cells that are
derived from human embryos. The use of human embryonic stem cells gives rise to
ethical, legal and social issues regarding the appropriate use of these cells.
In the event that our research related to human embryonic stem cells becomes the
subject of adverse commentary or publicity, the market price for our common
stock could be significantly harmed.
Some political and religious groups have voiced opposition to our technology
and practices. We use stem cells derived from human embryos that have been
created for in vitro fertilization procedures but are no longer desired or
suitable for that use and are donated with appropriate informed consent for
research use. Many research institutions, including some of our scientific
collaborators, have adopted policies regarding the ethical use of human
embryonic tissue. These policies may have the effect of limiting the scope of
research conducted using human embryonic stem cells, thereby impairing our
ability to conduct research in this field.
In addition, the United States government and its agencies have until
recently refused to fund research which involves the use of human embryonic
tissue. President Bush announced on August 9, 2001 that he would permit federal
funding of research on human embryonic stem cells using the limited number of
embryonic stem cell lines that had already been created, but relatively few
federal grants have been made so far. The President's Council on Bioethics will
monitor stem cell research, and the guidelines and regulations it recommends may
include restrictions on the scope of research using human embryonic or fetal
tissue. The Council issued a report in July 2002 that recommended "that the
federal government undertake a thorough-going review of present and projected
practices of human embryo research, with the aim of establishing appropriate
institutions to advise and shape federal policy in this arena." Certain states
are considering, or have in place, legislation relating to stem cell research,
including California whose voters approved Proposition 71 to provide state funds
for stem cell research in November 2004. It is not yet clear what, if any,
effect such state actions may have on our ability to commercialize stem cell
products. In the United Kingdom and other countries, the use of embryonic or
fetal tissue in research (including the derivation of human embryonic stem
cells) is regulated by the government, whether or not the research involves
government funding.
Government-imposed restrictions with respect to use of embryos or human
embryonic stem cells in research and development could have a material adverse
effect on us, including:
o harming our ability to establish critical partnerships and
collaborations;
o delaying or preventing progress in our research and development; and
o causing a decrease in the price of our stock.
Impairment of our intellectual property rights may limit our ability to
pursue the development of our intended technologies and products.
Protection of our proprietary technology is critically important to our
business. Our success will depend in part on our ability to obtain and enforce
our patents and maintain trade secrets, both in the United States and in other
countries. The patent positions of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical
companies, including ours, are highly uncertain and involve complex legal and
technical questions. In particular, legal principles for biotechnology patents
in the United States and in other countries are evolving, and the extent to
which we will be able to obtain patent coverage to protect our technology, or
enforce issued patents, is uncertain. For example, the European Patent
Convention prohibits the granting of European patents for inventions that
concern "uses of human embryos for industrial or commercial purposes." The
European Patent Office is presently interpreting this prohibition broadly, and
is applying it to reject patent claims that pertain to human embryonic stem
cells. However, this broad interpretation is being challenged through the
European Patent Office appeals system.
5
As a result, we do not yet know whether or to what extent we will be able to
obtain European patent protection for our human embryonic stem cell technologies
in Europe. Further, our patents may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented,
and our patent rights may not provide proprietary protection or competitive
advantages to us. In the event that we are unsuccessful in obtaining and
enforcing patents, our business would be negatively impacted.
Publication of discoveries in scientific or patent literature tends to lag
behind actual discoveries by at least several months and sometimes several
years. Therefore, the persons or entities that we or our licensors name as
inventors in our patents and patent applications may not have been the first to
invent the inventions disclosed in the patent applications or patents, or the
first to file patent applications for these inventions. As a result, we may not
be able to obtain patents for discoveries that we otherwise would consider
patentable and that we consider to be extremely significant to our future
success.
Where several parties seek patent protection for the same technology, the
U.S. Patent Office may declare an interference proceeding in order to ascertain
the party to which the patent should be issued. Patent interferences are
typically complex, highly contested legal proceedings, subject to appeal. They
are usually expensive and prolonged, and can cause significant delay in the
issuance of patents. Moreover, parties that receive an adverse decision in an
interference can lose important patent rights. Our pending patent applications,
or our issued patents, may be drawn into interference proceedings which may
delay or prevent the issuance of patents, or result in the loss of issued patent
rights.
The interference process can also be used to challenge a patent that has
been issued to another party. For example, in 2004, we were involved with two
interferences declared by the U.S. Patent Office at our request and involving
two of our pending applications relating to nuclear transfer and two issued
patents, held by the University of Massachusetts (U. Mass) and licensed to
Advanced Cell Technology (ACT) of Worcester, Massachusetts. We requested these
interferences in order to clarify our patent rights in nuclear transfer
technology. The Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences has now issued final
judgments in each of these cases, finding in both instances that all of the
claims in the U. Mass patents in question were unpatentable, and upholding the
patentability of Geron's pending claims. These judgments effectively invalidated
the two U. Mass patents. Both judgments have been appealed by ACT. We have also
filed requests for interference with other U. Mass patents in the same field. As
in any legal proceeding, the outcome of these interferences and the appeals is
uncertain. In March 2002, an interference was declared involving a Geron nuclear
transfer patent application and a patent application held by Infigen Inc. That
interference was resolved in 2004 with a final judgment in our favor; that
judgment was not appealed.
Outside of the United States, certain jurisdictions, such as Europe and
Australia, permit oppositions to be filed against the granting of patents.
Because our intent is to commercialize products internationally, securing both
proprietary protection and freedom to operate outside of the United States is
important to our business. We are involved in both opposing the grant of patents
to others through such opposition proceedings and in defending against
oppositions filed by others. For example, we have filed an opposition to a
European patent granted to GemVax AS, a Norwegian company, relating to the use
of telomerase peptides for the treatment and prophylaxis of cancer, and GemVax
has filed an opposition to a European patent granted to us relating to
telomerase, including the use of telomerase in cancer vaccines. These are among
a number of overseas patent oppositions in which we are currently engaged.
If interferences, oppositions or other challenges to our patent rights are
not resolved promptly in our favor, our existing business relationships may be
jeopardized and we could be delayed or prevented from entering into new
collaborations or from commercializing certain products, which could materially
harm our business.
Patent litigation may also be necessary to enforce patents issued or
licensed to us or to determine the scope and validity of our proprietary rights
or the proprietary rights of others. We may not be successful in any patent
litigation. Patent litigation can be extremely expensive and time-consuming,
even if the outcome is favorable to us. An adverse outcome in a patent
litigation or any other proceeding in a court or patent office could subject our
business to significant liabilities to other parties, require disputed rights to
be licensed from other parties or require us to cease using the disputed
technology, any of which could severely harm our business.
6
If we fail to meet our obligations under license agreements, we may lose our
rights to key technologies on which our business depends.
Our business depends on several critical technologies that are based in part
on patents licensed from third parties. Those third-party license agreements
impose obligations on us, such as payment obligations and obligations to
diligently pursue development of commercial products under the licensed patents.
If a licensor believes that we have failed to meet our obligations under a
license agreement, the licensor could seek to limit or terminate our license
rights, which could lead to costly and time-consuming litigation and,
potentially, a loss of the licensed rights. During the period of any such
litigation our ability to carry out the development and commercialization of
potential products could be significantly and negatively affected. If our
license rights were restricted or ultimately lost, our ability to continue our
business based on the affected technology platform would be severely adversely
affected.
We may be subject to litigation that will be costly to defend or pursue and
uncertain in its outcome.
Our business may bring us into conflict with our licensees, licensors, or
others with whom we have contractual or other business relationships, or with
our competitors or others whose interests differ from ours. If we are unable to
resolve those conflicts on terms that are satisfactory to all parties, we may
become involved in litigation brought by or against us. That litigation is
likely to be expensive and may require a significant amount of management's time
and attention, at the expense of other aspects of our business. The outcome of
litigation is always uncertain, and in some cases could include judgments
against us that require us to pay damages, enjoin us from certain activities, or
otherwise affect our legal or contractual rights, which could have a significant
adverse effect on our business.
We may be subject to infringement claims that are costly to defend, and which
may limit our ability to use disputed technologies and prevent us from pursuing
research and development or commercialization of potential products.
Our commercial success depends significantly on our ability to operate
without infringing patents and the proprietary rights of others. Our
technologies may infringe the patents or proprietary rights of others. In
addition, we may become aware of discoveries and technology controlled by third
parties that are advantageous to our research programs. In the event our
technologies infringe on the rights of others or we require the use of
discoveries and technology controlled by third parties, we may be prevented from
pursuing research, development or commercialization of potential products or may
be required to obtain licenses to those patents or other proprietary rights or
develop or obtain alternative technologies. We may not be able to obtain
alternative technologies or any required license on commercially favorable
terms, if at all. If we do not obtain the necessary licenses or alternative
technologies, we may be delayed or prevented from pursuing the development of
some potential products. Our failure to obtain alternative technologies or a
license to any technology that we may require to develop or commercialize our
product candidates would significantly and negatively affect our business.
Much of the information and know-how that is critical to our business is not
patentable and we may not be able to prevent others from obtaining this
information and establishing competitive enterprises.
We sometimes rely on trade secrets to protect our proprietary technology,
especially in circumstances in which we believe patent protection is not
appropriate or available. We attempt to protect our proprietary technology in
part by confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants,
collaborators and contractors. We cannot assure you that these agreements will
not be breached, that we would have adequate remedies for any breach, or that
our trade secrets will not otherwise become known or be independently discovered
by competitors, any of which would harm our business significantly.
7
We depend on our collaborators and joint venture partners to help us develop and
test our product candidates, and our ability to develop and commercialize
products may be impaired or delayed if collaborations are unsuccessful.
Our strategy for the development, clinical testing and commercialization of
our product candidates requires that we enter into collaborations with corporate
or joint venture partners, licensors, licensees and others. We are dependent
upon the subsequent success of these other parties in performing their
respective responsibilities and the continued cooperation of our partners. For
example, third parties are principally responsible for developing oncolytic
virus therapeutics and cancer diagnostics using our telomerase technology and an
academic institution is conducting the current clinical trials of the telomerase
therapeutic cancer vaccine. Our collaborators may not cooperate with us or
perform their obligations under our agreements with them. We cannot control the
amount and timing of our collaborators' resources that will be devoted to our
research and development activities related to our collaborative agreements with
them. Our collaborators may choose to pursue existing or alternative
technologies in preference to those being developed in collaboration with us.
Under agreements with collaborators and joint venture partners, we may rely
significantly on such collaborators to, among other activities:
o design and conduct advanced clinical trials in the event that we reach
clinical trials;
o fund research and development activities with us;
o pay us fees upon the achievement of milestones; and
o market with us any commercial products that result from our
collaborations or joint ventures.
The development and commercialization of potential products will be delayed
if collaborators or joint venture partners fail to conduct these activities in a
timely manner or at all. In addition, our collaborators could terminate their
agreements with us and we may not receive any development or milestone payments.
If we do not achieve milestones set forth in the agreements, or if our
collaborators breach or terminate their collaborative agreements with us, our
business may be materially harmed.
Our reliance on the activities of our non-employee consultants, research
institutions, and scientific contractors, whose activities are not wholly within
our control, may lead to delays in development of our product candidates.
We rely extensively upon and have relationships with scientific consultants
at academic and other institutions, some of whom conduct research at our
request, and other consultants with expertise in clinical development strategy
or other matters. These consultants are not our employees and may have
commitments to, or consulting or advisory contracts with, other entities that
may limit their availability to us. We have limited control over the activities
of these consultants and, except as otherwise required by our collaboration and
consulting agreements, can expect only limited amounts of their time to be
dedicated to our activities.
In addition, we have formed research collaborations with many academic and
other research institutions throughout the world. These research facilities may
have commitments to other commercial and non-commercial entities. We have
limited control over the operations of these laboratories and can expect only
limited amounts of time to be dedicated to our research goals.
We also rely on other companies for certain process development or other
technical scientific work, especially with respect to our telomerase inhibitor
programs. We have contracts with these companies that specify the work to be
done and results to be achieved, but we do not have direct control over their
personnel or operations.
If any of these third parties are unable or refuse to contribute to projects
on which we need their help, our ability to generate advances in our
technologies and develop our product candidates could be significantly harmed.
8
The loss of key personnel could slow our ability to conduct research and develop
product candidates.
Our future success depends to a significant extent on the skills, experience
and efforts of our executive officers and key members of our scientific staff.
Competition for personnel is intense and we may be unable to retain our current
personnel or attract or assimilate other highly qualified management and
scientific personnel in the future. The loss of any or all of these individuals
could harm our business and might significantly delay or prevent the achievement
of research, development or business objectives.
We also rely on consultants and advisors who assist us in formulating our
research and development and clinical strategy. We face intense competition for
qualified individuals from numerous pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and
biotechnology companies, as well as academic and other research institutions. We
may not be able to attract and retain these individuals on acceptable terms.
Failure to do so would materially harm our business.
Potential restrictions or a ban on nuclear transfer could prevent us from
benefiting financially from our research in this area.
Our nuclear transfer technology could theoretically be used to produce human
embryos for the derivation of embryonic stem cells (sometimes referred to as
"therapeutic cloning") or cloned humans (sometimes referred to as "reproductive
cloning"). The U.S. Congress has recently considered legislation that would ban
human therapeutic cloning as well as reproductive cloning. Such a bill was
passed by the House of Representatives, although not by the Senate. The July
2002 report of the President's Council on Bioethics recommended a four-year
moratorium on therapeutic cloning. If human therapeutic cloning is restricted or
banned, we will not be able to benefit from the scientific knowledge that would
be generated by research in that area. Finally, if regulatory bodies were to
restrict or ban the sale of food products from cloned animals, our financial
participation in the business of our nuclear transfer licensees or value of our
ownership in our joint venture, stART Licensing, could be significantly harmed.
Our products are likely to be expensive to manufacture, and they may not be
profitable if we are unable to significantly reduce the costs to manufacture
them.
Our telomerase inhibitor compound, GRN163L, and our hESC-based products are
likely to be significantly more expensive to manufacture than most other drugs
currently on the market today. Oligonucleotides are relatively large molecules
with complex chemistry, and the cost of manufacturing even a short
oligonucleotide like GRN163L is considerably greater than the cost of making
most small-molecule drugs. Our present manufacturing processes are conducted at
a relatively small scale and are at an early stage of development. We hope to
substantially reduce manufacturing costs through process improvements, as well
as through scale increases. If we are not able to do so, however and, depending
on the pricing of the product, the profit margin on the telomerase inhibitor may
be significantly less than that of most drugs on the market today. Similarly, we
currently make differentiated cells from hESCs on a laboratory scale, at a high
cost per unit of measure. The cell-based therapies we are developing based on
hESCs will probably require large quantities of cells. We continue to develop
processes to scale up production of the cells in a cost-effective way. We may
not be able to charge a high enough price for any cell therapy product we
develop, even if they are safe and effective, to make a profit. If we are unable
to realize significant profits from our potential product candidates, our
business would be materially harmed.
Some of our competitors may develop technologies that are superior to or more
cost-effective than ours, which may impact the commercial viability of our
technologies and which may significantly damage our ability to sustain
operations.
The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are intensely competitive.
Other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research organizations
currently engage in or have in the past engaged in efforts related to the
biological mechanisms that are the focus of our programs in oncology and human
embryonic stem cell therapies, including the study of telomeres, telomerase,
human embryonic stem cells, and nuclear transfer. In addition, other products
and therapies that could compete directly with the product candidates that we
are seeking to develop and market currently exist or are being developed by
pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies and by academic and other
research organizations.
9
Many companies are developing alternative therapies to treat cancer and, in
this regard, are competitors of ours. According to public data from the FDA and
NIH, there are more than 100 approved anti-cancer products on the market in the
United States, and several hundred in clinical development. Many of the
pharmaceutical companies developing and marketing these competing products
(including GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and Novartis AG, among
others) have significantly greater financial resources and expertise than we do
in:
o research and development;
o manufacturing;
o preclinical and clinical testing;
o obtaining regulatory approvals; and
o marketing.
Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly
through collaborative arrangements with large and established companies.
Academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private research
organizations may also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish
collaborative arrangements for research, clinical development and marketing of
products similar to ours. These companies and institutions compete with us in
recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel as well
as in acquiring technologies complementary to our programs.
In addition to the above factors, we expect to face competition in the
following areas:
o product efficacy and safety;
o the timing and scope of regulatory consents;
o availability of resources;
o reimbursement coverage;
o price; and
o patent position, including potentially dominant patent positions of
others.
As a result of the foregoing, our competitors may develop more effective or
more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product
commercialization than we do. Most significantly, competitive products may
render any product candidates that we develop obsolete, which would negatively
impact our business and ability to sustain operations.
We may not be able to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance on commercially
reasonable terms or with adequate coverage against potential liabilities in
order to protect ourselves against product liability claims.
Our business exposes us to potential product liability risks that are
inherent in the testing, manufacturing and marketing of human therapeutic and
diagnostic products. We may become subject to product liability claims if the
use of our products is alleged to have injured subjects or patients. This risk
exists for products tested in human clinical trials as well as products that are
sold commercially. We currently have no clinical trial liability insurance and
we may not be able to obtain and maintain this type of insurance for any of our
clinical trials. In addition, product liability insurance is becoming
increasingly expensive. As a result, we may not be able to obtain or maintain
product liability insurance in the future on acceptable terms or with adequate
coverage against potential liabilities which could have a material adverse
effect on our business.
To be successful, our product candidates must be accepted by the health care
community, which can be very slow to adopt or unreceptive to new technologies
and products.
10
Our product candidates and those developed by our collaborative partners, if
approved for marketing, may not achieve market acceptance since hospitals,
physicians, patients or the medical community in general may decide not to
accept and utilize these products. The product candidates that we are attempting
to develop represent substantial departures from established treatment methods
and will compete with a number of more conventional drugs and therapies
manufactured and marketed by major pharmaceutical companies. The degree of
market acceptance of any of our developed products will depend on a number of
factors, including:
o our establishment and demonstration to the medical community of the
clinical efficacy and safety of our product candidates;
o our ability to create products that are superior to alternatives
currently on the market;
o our ability to establish in the medical community the potential
advantage of our treatments over alternative treatment methods; and
o reimbursement policies of government and third-party payors.
If the health care community does not accept our products for any of the
foregoing reasons, or for any other reason, our business would be materially
harmed.
If we fail to obtain acceptable prices or adequate reimbursement for our product
candidates, the use of our potential products could be severely limited.
Our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates will depend
significantly on our ability to obtain acceptable prices and the availability of
reimbursement to the patient from third-party payors. Significant uncertainty
exists as to the reimbursement status of newly-approved health care products,
including pharmaceuticals. If our products are not considered cost-effective or
if we fail to generate adequate third-party reimbursement for the users of our
potential products and treatments, then we may be unable to maintain price
levels sufficient to realize an appropriate return on our investment in product
development.
In both U.S. and other markets, sales of our potential products, if any,
will depend in part on the availability of reimbursement from third-party
payors, examples of which include:
o government health administration authorities;
o private health insurers;
o health maintenance organizations; and
o pharmacy benefit management companies.
Both federal and state governments in the United States and governments in
other countries continue to propose and pass legislation designed to contain or
reduce the cost of health care. Legislation and regulations affecting the
pricing of pharmaceuticals and other medical products may be adopted before any
of our potential products are approved for marketing. Cost control initiatives
could decrease the price that we receive for any product candidate we may
develop in the future. In addition, third-party payors are increasingly
challenging the price and cost-effectiveness of medical products and services
and any of our potential products may ultimately not be considered
cost-effective by these third parties. Any of these initiatives or developments
could materially harm our business.
Our activities involve hazardous materials, and improper handling of these
materials by our employees or agents could expose us to significant legal and
financial penalties.
Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of
hazardous materials, chemicals and various radioactive compounds. As a
consequence, we are subject to numerous environmental and safety laws and
regulations, including those governing laboratory procedures, exposure to
blood-borne pathogens and the handling of biohazardous materials. We may be
required to incur significant costs to comply with current or future
environmental laws and regulations and may be adversely affected by the cost of
compliance with these laws and regulations.
11
Although we believe that our safety procedures for using, handling, storing
and disposing of hazardous materials comply with the standards prescribed by
state and federal regulations, the risk of accidental contamination or injury
from these materials cannot be eliminated. In the event of such an accident,
state or federal authorities could curtail our use of these materials and we
could be liable for any civil damages that result, the cost of which could be
substantial. Further, any failure by us to control the use, disposal, removal or
storage, or to adequately restrict the discharge, or assist in the cleanup, of
hazardous chemicals or hazardous, infectious or toxic substances could subject
us to significant liabilities, including joint and several liability under
certain statutes. Any such liability could exceed our resources and could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations. Additionally, an accident could damage our research and
manufacturing facilities and operations.
Additional federal, state and local laws and regulations affecting us may be
adopted in the future. We may incur substantial costs to comply with these laws
and regulations and substantial fines or penalties if we violate any of these
laws or regulations.
Our stock price has historically been very volatile.
Stock prices and trading volumes for many biopharmaceutical companies
fluctuate widely for a number of reasons, including factors which may be
unrelated to their businesses or results of operations such as media coverage,
legislative and regulatory measures and the activities of various interest
groups or organizations. This market volatility, as well as general domestic or
international economic, market and political conditions, could materially and
adversely affect the market price of our common stock and the return on your
investment.
Historically, our stock price has been extremely volatile. Between January
1998 and August 2005, our stock has traded as high as $75.88 per share and as
low as $1.41 per share. Between January 1, 2003 and August 19, 2005, the price
has ranged between a high of $16.80 per share and a low of $1.41 per share. The
significant market price fluctuations of our common stock are due to a variety
of factors, including:
o the depth of the market for the common stock;
o the experimental nature of our product candidates;
o fluctuations in our operating results;
o market conditions relating to the biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical
industries;
o announcements of technological innovations, new commercial products,
or clinical progress or lack thereof by us, our collaborative partners
or our competitors;
o announcements concerning regulatory developments, developments with
respect to proprietary rights and our collaborations;
o comments by securities analysts;
o general market conditions;
o political developments related to human embryonic stem cell research;
o public concern with respect to our product candidates; or
o the issuance of common stock to partners, vendors or to investors to
raise additional capital.
In addition, the stock market is subject to other factors outside our
control that can cause extreme price and volume fluctuations. Securities class
action litigation has often been brought against companies, including many
biotechnology companies, which experience volatility in the market price of
their securities. Litigation brought against us could result in substantial
costs and a diversion of management's attention and resources, which could
adversely affect our business.
12
The sale of a substantial number of shares may adversely affect the market price
for our common stock.
Sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public
market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could significantly and
negatively affect the market price for our common stock. As of August 19, 2005,
we had 100,000,000 shares of common stock authorized for issuance and 55,893,360
shares of common stock outstanding. In addition, we have reserved for future
issuance approximately 18,934,025 shares of common stock for our employee
benefit plans and outstanding warrants.
In addition, we have issued common stock to certain parties, such as vendors
and service providers, as payment for products and services. Under these
arrangements, we typically agree to register the shares for resale soon after
their issuance. We may continue to pay for certain goods and services in this
manner, which would dilute your interest in Geron. Also, sales of the shares
issued in this manner could negatively affect the market price of our stock.
Our undesignated preferred stock may inhibit potential acquisition bids; this
may adversely affect the market price for our common stock and the voting rights
of the holders of our common stock.
Our certificate of incorporation provides our Board of Directors with the
authority to issue up to 3,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock and to
determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of these shares
without further vote or action by the stockholders. As of the date of this
Registration Statement, 50,000 shares of preferred stock have been designated
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock and the Board of Directors still
has authority to designate and issue up to 2,950,000 shares of preferred stock.
The issuance of shares of preferred stock may delay or prevent a change in
control transaction without further action by our stockholders. As a result, the
market price of our common stock may be adversely affected.
In addition, if we issue preferred stock in the future that has preference
over our common stock with respect to the payment of dividends or upon our
liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or if we issue preferred stock with
voting rights that dilute the voting power of our common stock, the rights of
holders of our common stock or the market price of our common stock could be
adversely affected.
Provisions in our share purchase rights plan, charter and bylaws, and provisions
of Delaware law, may inhibit potential acquisition bids for us, which may
prevent holders of our common stock from benefiting from what they believe may
be the positive aspects of acquisitions and takeovers.
Our Board of Directors has adopted a share purchase rights plan, commonly
referred to as a "poison pill." This plan entitles existing stockholders to
rights, including the right to purchase shares of common stock, in the event of
an acquisition of 15% or more of our outstanding common stock. Our share
purchase rights plan could prevent stockholders from profiting from an increase
in the market value of their shares as a result of a change of control of Geron
by delaying or preventing a change of control. In addition, our Board of
Directors has the authority, without further action by our stockholders, to
issue additional shares of common stock, and to fix the rights and preferences
of one or more series of preferred stock.
In addition to our share purchase rights plan and the undesignated preferred
stock, provisions of our charter documents and bylaws may make it substantially
more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us and may prevent
changes in our management, including provisions that:
o prevent stockholders from taking actions by written consent;
o divide the Board of Directors into separate classes with terms of
office that are structured to prevent all of the directors from being
elected in any one year; and
o set forth procedures for nominating directors and submitting proposals
for consideration at stockholders' meetings.
Provisions of Delaware law may also inhibit potential acquisition bids for
us or prevent us from engaging in business combinations. Either collectively or
individually, these provisions may prevent holders of our common stock from
benefiting from what they may believe are the positive aspects of acquisitions
and takeovers, including the potential realization of a higher rate of return on
their investment from these types of transactions.
13
In addition, we have severance agreements with several employees and a
change of control severance plan which could require an acquiror to pay a higher
price.
We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable
future.
We do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock in the
foreseeable future. Any payment of cash dividends will depend upon our financial
condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other factors and
will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Furthermore, we may incur
additional indebtedness that may severely restrict or prohibit the payment of
dividends.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this
prospectus contain forward-looking statements that are based on current
expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management's
beliefs, and assumptions made by management. Words such as "anticipates,"
"expects," "intends," "plans," "believes," "seeks," "estimates," and variations
of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such
forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future
performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that
are difficult to predict; therefore, actual results may differ materially from
those expressed or forecasted in any forward-looking statements. The risks and
uncertainties include those noted in "Risk Factors" above and in the documents
incorporated by reference. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any
forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future
events or otherwise.
USE OF PROCEEDS
We are filing the registration statement of which this prospectus is a
part under our contractual obligation to the holder named in the section
entitled "Selling Stockholder." We will not receive any of the proceeds from
resale of these shares of common stock by the selling stockholder.
DESCRIPTION OF OUR COMMON STOCK
The following summary is a general description of our common stock.
Complete details can be found in our Charter and Bylaws, copies of which are on
file with the Commission as exhibits to registration statements previously filed
by us. See "Where You Can Find More Information."
We have authority to issue 100,000,000 shares of common stock, $.001
par value per share. As of August 19, 2005, we had 55,893,360 shares of common
stock outstanding.
The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on
all matters to be voted upon by the stockholder. Subject to preferences that may
be applicable to any outstanding shares of our preferred stock, the holders of
common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be
declared from time to time by our Board of Directors out of funds legally
available for that purpose. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or
winding up of the Company, the holders of our common stock are entitled to share
ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities, subject to
preferences applicable to shares of our preferred stock, if any, then
outstanding. The common stock has no preemptive or conversion rights or other
subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions
available to the common stock. All outstanding shares of our common stock are,
and the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus will be, fully paid
and nonassessable.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for the common stock is U.S. Stock Transfer
Corporation.
14
SELLING STOCKHOLDER
The following table sets forth the name of the selling stockholder, the
number of shares of common stock owned beneficially by the selling stockholder
as of August 19, 2005, the number of shares which may be offered pursuant to
this prospectus and the number of shares to be owned by the selling stockholder
after this offering. In the aggregate, the selling stockholder may sell up to
151,550 shares of our common stock pursuant to this prospectus. Since the
selling stockholder may offer all, some or none of its common stock, no
definitive estimate as to the number of shares thereof that will be held by the
selling stockholder after the offering can be provided. In addition, since the
date each of the selling stockholder provided information regarding its
ownership of the shares, it may have sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of
all or a portion of its shares of common stock in transactions exempt from the
registration requirements of the Securities Act. Information concerning the
selling stockholder may change from time to time and, when necessary, any
changed information will be set forth in a prospectus supplement to this
prospectus.
On August 17, 2005, as final payment of the amounts due to
Transgenomic, Inc. ("Transgenomic") under two addenda to a supply agreement
pursuant to which Transgenomic is manufacturing certain chemicals for use by us
in producing our telomerase inhibitor compounds, we issued to Transgenomic
151,550 shares of our common stock, pursuant to a Common Stock Purchase
Agreement dated as of August 17, 2005.
To our knowledge, Transgenomic has sole voting and investment power
with respect to all shares of common stock beneficially owned by it. This
information is based upon information provided by the selling stockholder.
Maximum Number of Shares
Total Number of Available Pursuant to Shares Owned After Percentage
Name Shares Held (1) this Prospectus (1) Offering (2) (3)
--------------- ----------------- ----------------------- ------------ -----------
Transgenomic, Inc. 151,550 151,550 0 *
-----------------
(1) Based on information available as of August 19, 2005.
(2) Assumes the sale of all shares of common stock offered by this prospectus.
(3) Based on 55,893,360 shares of common stock outstanding as of August 19,
2005.
* Less than 1%.
15
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We are registering a total of 151,550 shares of our common stock on
behalf of the selling stockholder. The selling stockholder and any of its
pledgees, assignees and successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any
or all of the shares of common stock offered hereby on any stock exchange,
market or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in private
transactions. These sales may be at fixed or negotiated prices. The selling
stockholder may use any one or more of the following methods when selling
shares:
o sales on the Nasdaq National Market;
o sales in the over-the-counter market;
o ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the
broker-dealer solicits purchasers;
o block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the
shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as
principal to facilitate the transaction;
o purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the
broker-dealer for its account;
o an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the
applicable exchange;
o privately negotiated transactions;
o short sales;
o transactions in which broker-dealers agree with the selling
stockholder to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated
price per share;
o a combination of any such methods of sale; and
o any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.
The selling stockholder may also sell the shares directly to market
makers acting as principals and/or broker-dealers acting as agents for
themselves or their customers. These broker-dealers may receive compensation in
the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the selling stockholder
and/or the purchasers of shares for whom the broker-dealers may act as agents or
to whom they sell as principal or both, which compensation as to a particular
broker-dealer might be in excess of customary commissions. Market makers and
block purchasers purchasing the shares will do so for their own account and at
their own risk. It is possible that the selling stockholder will attempt to sell
shares of common stock in block transactions to market makers or other
purchasers at a price per share which may be below the then market price. The
selling stockholder cannot assure that all or any of the shares offered in this
prospectus will be issued to, or sold by, the selling stockholder. The selling
stockholder and any brokers, dealers or agents, upon effecting the sale of any
of the shares offered in this prospectus, may be deemed "underwriters" as that
term is defined under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, or the rules and
regulations under such acts.
The selling stockholder, alternatively, may sell all or any part of the
shares offered in this prospectus through an underwriter. To our knowledge, the
selling stockholder has not entered into any agreement with a prospective
underwriter and we cannot assure you that any such agreement will be entered
into. If the selling stockholder enters into this type of an agreement or
agreements, the relevant details will be set forth in a supplement or revision
to this prospectus.
The selling stockholder and any other persons participating in the sale
or distribution of the shares will be subject to applicable provisions of the
Exchange Act and the rules and regulations under such act, including, without
limitation, Regulation M. These provisions may restrict certain activities of,
and limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the shares by, the selling
stockholder or any other person.
16
Furthermore, under Regulation M, persons engaged in a distribution of securities
are prohibited from simultaneously engaging in market making and certain other
activities with respect to the securities for a specified period of time prior
to the commencement of the distributions, subject to specified exceptions or
exemptions. All of these limitations may affect the marketability of the shares.
The selling stockholder also may sell all or a portion of its shares in
open market transactions in reliance upon Rule 144 under the Securities Act,
provided it meets the criteria and conforms to the requirements of Rule 144.
LEGAL MATTERS
Latham & Watkins LLP will pass on the validity of the issuance of the
shares of common stock offered by this prospectus.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of Geron Corporation appearing in
Geron's Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2004, and
Geron Corporation management's assessment of the effectiveness of internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004 included therein, have
been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting
firm, as set forth in their reports thereon, included therein, and incorporated
herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements and management's
assessment are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such reports
given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
LIMITATION ON LIABILITY AND DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON
INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES
Our bylaws provide for indemnification of our directors and officers to
the fullest extent permitted by law. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities
under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or controlling
persons of Geron pursuant to Geron's Certificate of Incorporation, bylaws and
the Delaware General Corporation Law, Geron has been informed that in the
opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is
against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore
unenforceable.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and
other information with the SEC. We make available free of charge on or through
our Internet website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form
10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports as soon as
reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished
to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Our Internet website address is
www.geron.com. You may read and copy any document we file at the SEC's public
reference room located at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please
call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference
room. Our SEC filings are also available to the public at the SEC's website at
http://www.sec.gov. You may also inspect copies of these materials and other
information about us at the offices of the Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc., National
Market System, 1735 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006-1500.
17
DOCUMENTS WE HAVE INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to "incorporate by reference" the information we file
with them which means that we can disclose important information to you by
referring you to those documents instead of having to repeat the information in
this prospectus. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be
part of this prospectus, and later information that we file with the SEC will
automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference
the documents listed below and any future filings made with the SEC under
Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 until
the selling stockholder sells all the shares:
o Our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the for the quarters ended June
30 and March 31, 2005;
o Our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31,
2004;
o Our current reports on Form 8-K filed on January 13, 2005, January 14,
2005, March 7, 2005, April 8, 2005, April 25, 2005, May 23, 2005, July
18, 2005, and July 19, 2005; and
o The description of our common stock set forth in our registration
statement on Form 8-A, filed with the Commission on June 13, 1996
(File No. 0-20859).
All documents we file under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the
Exchange Act after the date of this registration statement and prior to the
filing of a post-effective amendment that indicates that all securities offered
have been sold or that deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, shall
be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this registration statement and to
be a part of it from the respective dates of filing those documents. Any
statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by
reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of
this registration statement to the extent that a statement contained herein
modifies or supersedes that statement. Any statement so modified or superseded
shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part
of this registration statement.
We will furnish without charge to you, on written or oral request, a
copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference, including
exhibits to these documents. You should direct any requests for documents to
David L. Greenwood, Chief Financial Officer, Geron Corporation, 230 Constitution
Drive, Menlo Park, California 94025, telephone: (650) 473-7700.
18
151,550 SHARES OF COMMON STOCK
GERON CORPORATION
PROSPECTUS
August 24, 2005
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference
in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different
information. You should not assume that the information contained or
incorporated by reference in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other
than the date of this prospectus. We are not making an offer of these securities
in any state where the offer is not permitted.
19
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following sets forth the costs and expenses, all of which shall be
borne by the Registrant, in connection with the offering of the securities
pursuant to this Registration Statement:
Registration Fee $ 197
Accounting Fees and Expenses $ 10,000*
Legal Fees and Expenses $ 10,000*
Miscellaneous $ 1,500*
Total $ 21,697
* Estimated
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Section 145(a) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware
(the "DGCL") provides that a Delaware corporation may indemnify any person who
was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending
or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative
or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by
reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or
agent of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation
as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise,
against expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and
reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or
proceeding if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably
believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and,
with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no cause to believe his
or her conduct was unlawful.
Section 145(b) of the DGCL provides that a Delaware corporation may
indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party
to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of
corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such
person acted in any of the capacities set forth above, against expenses actually
and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or
settlement of such action or suit if he or she acted under similar standards to
those set forth above, except that no indemnification may be made in respect to
any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to
be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the court in
which such action or suit was brought shall determine that despite the
adjudication of liability, but in view of all the circumstances of the case,
such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to be indemnified for such
expenses which the court shall deem proper.
Section 145 of the DGCL further provides that to the extent a director
or officer of a corporation has been successful in the defense of any action,
suit or proceeding referred to in subsection (a) and (b) or in the defense of
any claim, issue or matter therein, he or she shall be indemnified against
expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection therewith;
that indemnification provided for by Section 145 shall not be deemed exclusive
of any other rights to which the indemnified party may be entitled; and that the
corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of a director or
officer of the corporation against any liability asserted against such officer
or director and incurred by him or her in any such capacity or arising out of
his or her status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power
to indemnify him or her against such liabilities under Section 145.
As permitted by Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL, our Certificate of
Incorporation provides that a director shall not be liable to us or our
stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director.
However, this provision does not eliminate or limit the liability of a director
for acts or omissions not in good faith or for breaching his or her duty of
loyalty, engaging in intentional misconduct or knowingly violating the law,
paying a dividend or approving a stock repurchase which was illegal, or
obtaining an improper personal benefit.
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A provision of this type has no effect on the availability of equitable
remedies, such as injunction or rescission, for breach of fiduciary duty. Our
Certificate of Incorporation requires that directors and officers be indemnified
to the maximum extent permitted by Delaware law.
Item 16. Exhibits.
See Exhibit Index.
Item 17. Undertakings.
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being
made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the
Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after
the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent
post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the
aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth
in this registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any
increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total
dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was
registered) and any deviation from the low or high and of the
estimated maximum offering price may be reflected in the form of
prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in
the aggregate the changes in volume and price represent no more than
20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in
the "Calculation of Registration Fee" table in the effective
registration statement; and
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of
distribution not previously disclosed in this registration statement
or any material change to such information in this registration
statement;
Provided, however, that subparagraphs (i) and (ii) do not apply if the
information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by
those paragraphs is contained in the periodic reports filed by the
Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in this
registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the
Securities Act, each post-effective amendment shall be treated as a new
registration statement of the securities offered, and the offering of the
securities at that time to be deemed the initial bona fide offering.
(3) To file a post-effective amendment to remove from registration any
of the securities that remain unsold at the end of the offering.
(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of
determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the
registrant's annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an
employee benefit plan's annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the
registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities
at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
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(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling
persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise,
the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and
Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed
in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for
indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the
registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling
person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or
proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in
connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in
the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent,
submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will
be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the
Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all
of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration
Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, in Menlo Park, State of California, on August 24, 2005.
GERON CORPORATION
By: /s/ David L. Greenwood
--------------------------------
David L. Greenwood
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL BY THESE PERSONS PRESENT, that the persons whose signatures
appear below do hereby constitute and appoint Thomas B. Okarma and David L.
Greenwood, or any of them, our true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents,
each with full power to sign for us or any of us in our names and in any and all
capacities, any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this
Registration Statement, or any related registration statement that is to be
effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents
required in connection therewith with the Securities and Exchange Commission
hereby do ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or
either of them, or his substitute or substitutes, shall do or cause to be done
by virtue thereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature Title Date
--------- ----- ----
/s/ Thomas B. Okarma Chief Executive Officer, President and August 24, 2005
---------------------------------------- Director (principal executive officer)
Thomas B. Okarma
Executive Vice President and Chief August 24, 2005
/s/ David L. Greenwood Financial Officer (principal financial and
---------------------------------------- accounting officer)
David L. Greenwood
/s/ Alexander E. Barkas Director August 24, 2005
----------------------------------------
Alexander E. Barkas
/s/ Edward V. Fritzky Director August 24, 2005
----------------------------------------
Edward V. Fritzky
/s/ Charles J. Homcy Director August 24, 2005
----------------------------------------
Charles J. Homcy
/s/ Thomas D. Kiley Director August 24, 2005
----------------------------------------
Thomas D. Kiley
/s/ John P. Walker Director August 24, 2005
----------------------------------------
John P. Walker
/s/ Patrick J. Zenner Director August 24, 2005
----------------------------------------
Patrick J. Zenner
S-1
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibits Description
-------- -----------
4.1 Common Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of August 17, 2005 by and
between Registrant and Transgenomic, Inc. for the Final
Installments under Addendum Agreement #9 and #10.
5.1 Opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP.
23.1 Consent of Latham & Watkins LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).
23.2 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm.
24.1 Power of Attorney (included on the signature page to this
Registration Statement).